Kuyini i-Metamorphopsia?

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Izimpawu zeMetamorphopsia
• Izimbangela zeMetamorphopsia
• Ukonakala kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala (AMD)
• Izimbungulu ze-Epiretinal (ERMs)
• I-edema ye-Macular
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal
• Imbobo Macular
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Metamorphopsia
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Metamorphopsia
• Umbono we-Metamorphopsia

Ukubuka konke

I-Metamorphopsia ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo okubangela izinto eziqondile, njengemigqa kugridi, ukuthi zibukeke zigobile noma ziyindilinga. Kubangelwa izinkinga nge-retina yeso, futhi, ikakhulukazi, i-macula.

I-retina ingqimba elincanyana lamaseli ngemuva kweso elibona ukukhanya futhi lithumele - nge-optic nerve -impulses ebuchosheni, ekuvumela ukuba ubone. I-macula ihlala maphakathi ne-retina futhi ikusiza ukuthi ubone izinto ngokuningiliziwe. Lapho enye yalezi zinto ithinteka ngenxa yezifo, ukulimala, noma ubudala, i-metamorphopsia ingavela.

Izimpawu zeMetamorphopsia

I-Metamorphopsia ithinta umbono ophakathi nendawo (kuqhathaniswa nepheripheral, noma umbono ohlangothini) futhi iphazamise ukubukeka kwezinto eziqondile. Kungenzeka ngeso elilodwa noma zombili. Uma une-metamorphopsia, ungathola ukuthi:

• Izinto eziqondile, njengebhodi lezimpawu, zivela njenge-wavy.
• Izinto eziyizicaba, njengesibonakaliso uqobo, zibukeka ziyindilinga.
• Izimo, ezinjengobuso, zingavela zihlanekezelwe. Eqinisweni, abanye baye bafanisa i-metamorphopsia nokubuka umdwebo wePicasso, nobubanzi bawo obukhulu.
• Izinto zibonakala zincane kunalokho eziyikho (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-micropsia) noma zinkulu kunalokho eziyikho (macropsia). Ngokuya ngocwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Ophthalmic Research, i-micropsia yande kakhulu kune-macropsia.

Izimbangela zeMetamorphopsia

I-Metamorphopsia ingaba uphawu lokuhlukahluka kwamehlo okuthinta i-retina ne-macula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Ukonakala kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala (AMD)

Lesi yisifo esivamile, esiwohlokayo esithinta i-macula, ingxenye yeso ekuvumela ukuthi ubone izinto ngokugxila okubukhali nemininingwane emihle. INational Eye Institute ibika ukuthi ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala (AMD) ngu:

• imbangela ehamba phambili yokulahleka kombono phakathi kwalabo abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu
• ngeke ikwazi ukwenzeka kuze kube ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-60
• kuxhunyaniswe nezakhi zofuzo
• kungenzeka ukuthi ihlobene nezimo zemvelo ezifana nokudla nokubhema

Ngokukodwa okubheka i-AMD ne-metamorphopsia:

• Amaphesenti angama-45 ezifundo zokufunda abe nokuhlanekezelwa okubonakalayo kwemigqa (ngokwesibonelo, i-newsprint noma ukukhonjiswa kwamakhompyutha)
• Amaphesenti angama-22.6 aqaphele ukuhlanekezelwa kozimele bamawindi namashelufu ezincwadi
• Amaphesenti angama-21.6 abe nokuhlanekezelwa kwemigqa yethayela lokugezela
• Amaphesenti angu-18.6 abhekana nokuhlanekezelwa kobuso

I-AMD emanzi isethubeni elikhulu kakhulu lokukhiqiza i-metamorphopsia kune-AMD eyomile. I-Wet AMD yisifo esingajwayelekile lapho imithambo yegazi ivuza khona igazi noketshezi futhi ngenxa yalokho, kulimaza i-macula. Ku-AMD eyomile, i-macula iba mncane ngenxa yobudala namaprotheni anamafutha (abizwa ngokuthi yi-drusen) angaphansi komhlaba, abangele ukulahleka kombono.

Izimbungulu ze-Epiretinal (ERMs)

Ama-ERM (ulwelwesi lwama-epiretinal) abizwa nangokuthi ama-macular puckers. Zibangelwa isici engxenyeni engaphezulu ye-retina. Lokhu kukhubazeka kungadalwa yiminyaka yobudala, izinyembezi ze-retinal, nezifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela, ezithinta izifunda zemithambo esweni.

Ama-ERM aqala ngamaseli akhula kulwelwesi olubushelelezi lwe-retina. Lokhu kukhula kwamangqamuzana kungavumelana okudonsa ku-retina futhi kudale umbono osontekile.

Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 amaMelika angaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 anama-ERM, yize kungewona wonke amacala anzima ngokwanele ukudinga ukwelashwa.

I-edema ye-Macular

Lesi yisimo lapho uketshezi lukhula khona kwi-macula. Lolu ketshezi lungavuza emithanjeni yegazi ezungezile eyonakala ngenxa:

• izifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela
• ukuhlinzwa iso
• ukuphazamiseka okuthile kokuvuvukala (okufana ne-uveitis, noma ukuvuvukala kwe-uvea yeso noma ungqimba oluphakathi lweso)

Lolu ketshezi olungeziwe lubangela ukuthi i-macula ivuvuke futhi ishwabane, ibangele umbono osontekile.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal

Lapho i-retina isuka ezinhlakeni eziyisekelayo, umbono uyathinteka. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala, izifo, noma ukuhlukumezeka.

I-retina evalekile iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukulahleka kombono unomphela. Izimpawu zifaka "ama-floaters" (ama-specks kumbono wakho) noma ukukhanya kokukhanya emehlweni akho.

Imbobo Macular

Njengoba igama lisho, umgodi we-macular ukudabuka okuncane noma ikhefu ku-macula. Leli khefu lingenzeka ngenxa yeminyaka. Kwenzeka lapho ijeli enikeza iso umumo wayo oyindilinga iyancipha nezinkontileka, isuke ku-retina futhi idale izinyembezi.

Izimbobo zemacular zivame ukwenzeka kulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60. Uma iso elilodwa lithintekile, unethuba elingamaphesenti ayishumi kuya kwali-15 lokulithuthukisa kwelinye iso.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Metamorphopsia

Odokotela basebenzisa amasu amaningi - iningi lifaka amashadi noma amagrafu ngemigqa - ukusiza ukuxilonga i-metamorphopsia. Abantu ababona okuhlanekezelwe emigqeni lapho kungekho khona kungenzeka babe ne-retina noma inkinga ye-macular kanye ne-metamorphopsia elandelayo.

• Igridi ye-Amsler. Udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi ubheke okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi i-Amsler grid. Ngokufana nephepha legridi elisetshenziswe ekilasini le-geometry, lihlukanise ngokulinganayo imigqa evundlile neqondile enendawo yokugxila ephakathi.
• I-perimeter ekhethiwe ye-hyperacuity (PHP). Lesi isivivinyo lapho imigqa yamachashazi enokuhlanekezelwa okwenziwe khona kukhanya phambi kwakho. Uzocelwa ukuthi ukhethe ukuthi yimiphi imigqa engakhelwanga kahle futhi engeyona.
• Amashadi we-M. Lawa angamashadi anomugqa owodwa noma emibili emile eyenziwe ngamachashazi amancane, futhi enendawo yokugxila emaphakathi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Metamorphopsia

Njengoba i-metamorphopsia iluphawu lwenkinga ye-retina noma ye-macular, ukwelashwa kwesifo esiyisisekelo kufanele kuthuthukise umbono osontekile.

Isibonelo, uma une-AMD emanzi, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa nge-laser ukumisa noma ukubambezela ukuvuza kwegazi emithanjeni enephutha ku-retina yakho.

Uma une-AMD eyomile, ungahle weluleke ukuthi uthathe izithasiselo ezithile, njengamavithamini C no-E, i-lutein ne-zeaxanthin okukhonjiswe ukuthi yehlisa lesi sifo.

Uma une-retina ehlukanisiwe, ukuhlinzekelwa ukuyinamathisela kabusha kuzodingeka. Noma iyiphi i-metamorphopsia ehlobene kufanele ithuthuke - kepha kungathatha isikhathi. Kokunye ukuhlola, izifundo ezingaphezu kwesigamu zezifundo zisenayo i-metamorphopsia ngonyaka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ngempumelelo kwe-retina etholakele.

Umbono we-Metamorphopsia

Umbono osontekile ophawuleka nge-metamorphopsia uphawu olujwayelekile lwe-retina nezinkinga zamehlo we-macular. Ngokuya ngesimo esingaphansi nobulukhuni baso, i-metamorphopsia ingahle ibaluleke noma cha. Ngokuvamile, noma kunjalo, uma inkinga yokwelashwa ebangela inkinga yombono yelashwa, i-metamorphopsia iyathuthuka.

Khuluma nodokotela uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko kumbono wakho. Njengasezintweni eziningi, ukutholwa nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini kuholela emphumeleni ongcono.