I-Myelodysplasia: kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ziyini izimbangela
• Ungaqinisekisa kanjani
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Myelodysplastic Syndrome, noma i-myelodysplasia, ifanelana neqembu lezifo elibonakala ukwehluleka okuqhubekayo komnkantsha, okuholela ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana anamaphutha noma angavuthiwe avela egazini, okuholela ekushoneni kwegazi, ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukuthambekela kwezifo nokopha. kaningi, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kakhulu.

Yize singenzeka noma ngasiphi isikhathi, lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-70, futhi ezimweni eziningi, izimbangela zaso azicaciswa, yize kwezinye izimo kungavela ngenxa yokwelapha umdlavuza wangaphambilini ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukuvezwa amakhemikhali, njenge-benzene noma intuthu, isibonelo.

I-Myelodysplasia ingahle yelapheke ngokufakwa komnkantsha wethambo, noma kunjalo, lokhu akunakwenzeka kuzo zonke iziguli, futhi kubalulekile ukufuna ukuholwa ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma i-hematologist.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Umnkantsha wethambo uyindawo ebalulekile emzimbeni ekhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, angamaseli abomvu egazi, ama-leukocyte, angamaseli amhlophe egazi abhekele ukuvikela umzimba nama-platelet, okuyisisekelo sokujiya kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhubazeka kwakho kuveza izimpawu nezimpawu ezinjenge:

• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Pallor;
• Ukuphefumula okufishane;
• Ukuthambekela kwezifo;
• Imfiva;
• Ukopha;
• Ukubukeka kwamabala abomvu emzimbeni.

Ezimweni zokuqala, umuntu angahle angakhombisi zimpawu, kanti lesi sifo sigcina sitholakele ezivivinyweni ezijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani nokuqina kwezimpawu kuzoya ngezinhlobo zamaseli egazi athinteke kakhulu yi-myelodysplasia kanye nobukhulu becala ngalinye. Cishe i-1/3 yamacala e-myelodysplastic syndrome angathuthukela kwi-leukemia enamandla, okuwuhlobo lomdlavuza onamandla wamaseli egazi. Bheka okuningi nge-acute myeloid leukemia.

Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukunquma isikhathi sokuphila salezi ziguli, ngoba lesi sifo singashintsha kancane kancane, amashumi eminyaka, njengoba singaguqukela esimweni esinzima, singaphenduli kangako ekwelashweni futhi sidale izinkinga ezinyangeni ezimbalwa iminyaka yobudala.

Ziyini izimbangela

Imbangela ye-myelodysplastic syndrome ayimisiwe kahle, kepha ezimweni eziningi lesi sifo sinezimbangela zofuzo, kepha ushintsho ku-DNA alutholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, kanti lesi sifo sihlukaniswa njenge-myelodysplasia eyinhloko. Yize singaba nembangela yezakhi zofuzo, lesi sifo asiwona owofuzo.

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome nayo ingahlukaniswa njengeyesibili lapho ivela ngenxa yezinye izimo, njengokudakwa okubangelwa amakhemikhali, njenge-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, i-benzene, i-pesticides, ugwayi, i-lead noma i-mercury, ngokwesibonelo.

Ungaqinisekisa kanjani

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-myelodysplasia, i-hematologist izokwenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo nokuhlolwa kwe-oda okufana nalokhu:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi, enquma inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, ama-leukocyte nama-platelets egazini;
• I-Myelogram, okuyi-aspirate yomnkantsha okwazi ukuhlola ubuningi nezici zamaseli akule ndawo. Qonda ukuthi i-myelogram yenziwa kanjani;
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kanye nokuzivikela komzimba, njenge-karyotype noma i-immunophenotyping;
• I-bone marrow biopsy, engahlinzeka ngemininingwane eminingi ngokuqukethwe komnkantsha wamathambo, ikakhulukazi uma kushintshe kakhulu noma kunenkinga yezinye izinkinga, njengokungena kwe-fibrosis;
• Isilinganiso sensimbi, uvithamini B12 ne-folic acid, njengoba ukuntula kwabo kungadala ushintsho ekukhiqizeni igazi.

Ngale ndlela, i-hematologist izokwazi ukuthola uhlobo lwe-myelodysplasia, ilihlukanise nezinye izifo zomnkantsha futhi linqume kangcono uhlobo lwezokwelapha.

Yelashwa kanjani

Indlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo, okungaholela ekwelapheni lesi sifo, kepha-ke, akubona bonke abantu abayilungele le nqubo, okufanele yenziwe kubantu abangenazo izifo ezinciphisa amandla abo omzimba futhi okungcono ngaphansi iminyaka engu-65.

Enye indlela yokwelashwa ifaka i-chemotherapy, evame ukwenziwa ngemithi efana ne-Azacitidine ne-Decitabine, ngokwesibonelo, eyenziwe ngemijikelezo enqunywe yi-hematologist.

Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungadingeka kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma kune-anemia enamandla noma ukungabikho kwama-platelet avumela ukunqandeka kwegazi okwanele. Hlola izinkomba nokuthi ukwenziwa kwegazi kwenziwa kanjani.