Okufanele Ukwazi Ngokuhlolwa kwe-MMPI

-Delile

• Yini iMMPI-2?
• Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinhlobo?
• Kusetshenziselwa ini?
• Yiziphi izikali zemitholampilo ze-MMPI?
• Isilinganiso 1: I-Hypochondriasis
• Isilinganiso 2: Ukudangala
• Isilinganiso 3: iHysteria
• Isikali 4: Ukuphambuka kwePsychopathic
• Isikali 5: Ubudoda / ubufazi
• Isilinganiso 6: Paranoia
• Isilinganiso 7: I-Psychasthenia
• Isilinganiso 8: Schizophrenia
• Isilinganiso 9: Hypomania
• Isilinganiso 10: Ukungeniswa komphakathi
• Kuthiwani ngezikali zokufaneleka?
• Isikali esingu- “L” noma sokuqamba amanga
• Isikali "F"
• Isikali "K"
• Isilinganiso se-CNS
• Isikali se-TRIN ne-VRIN
• Isilinganiso se-Fb
• Isikali se-Fp
• Isilinganiso se-FBS
• Isikali se- “S”
• Ukuhlolwa kuhilelani?
• Okubalulekile

IMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) ingesinye sezivivinyo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Isivivinyo sakhiwa ngudokotela wezengqondo u-Starke Hathaway kanye nodokotela we-neuropsychiatrist uJC McKinley, amalungu amabili e-University of Minnesota. Yenzelwe ukuthi ibe yithuluzi lochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ukusiza ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo.

Kusukela sakhishwa ngo-1943, lesi sivivinyo sibuyekezwe kaningana ngemizamo yokuqeda ukucwasana ngokobuhlanga nangokobulili nokwenza ukuthi kube nokunemba kakhudlwana. Ukuhlolwa okubuyekeziwe, okwaziwa nge-MMPI-2, kushintshelwe ukusetshenziswa emazweni angaphezu kwama-40.

Le ndatshana izobhekisisa ukuhlolwa kwe-MMPI-2, ukuthi isetshenziselwani, nokuthi yini engasiza ukuxilonga.

Yini iMMPI-2?

I-MMPI-2 iqoqo lokuzibika elinemibuzo engamaqiniso angama-567 ngawe. Izimpendulo zakho zisiza ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ukuthi banqume ukuthi unazo yini izimpawu zokugula ngengqondo noma ukuphazamiseka kobuntu.

Eminye imibuzo yenzelwe ukuveza ukuthi uzizwa kanjani ngokuthatha isivivinyo. Eminye imibuzo ihloselwe ukuveza ukuthi ngabe uneqiniso noma ubika ngaphansi noma ubika ngokweqile ngomzamo wokuthonya imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Kubantu abaningi, ukuhlolwa kwe-MMPI-2 kuthatha imizuzu engama-60 kuya kwengu-90 ukuqeda.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinhlobo?

Uhlobo olufushane lokuhlolwa, i-MMPI-2 Restructured Form (RF), inemibuzo engama-338. Le nguqulo efushanisiwe ithatha isikhathi esincane ukuqeda - phakathi kwemizuzu engama-35 nengama-50 kubantu abaningi.

Abaphenyi baphinde baklama uhlobo lohlolo lwentsha eneminyaka eyi-14 kuya kweyi-18. Lokhu kuhlolwa, okwaziwa nge-MMPI-A, kunemibuzo engama-478 futhi kungaphothulwa cishe ngehora.

Kukhona nohlobo olufushane lokuhlolwa lwentsha olubizwa nge-MMPI-A-RF. Yenziwe ukuthi itholakale ngo-2016, i-MMPI-A-RF inemibuzo engama-241 futhi ingaqedwa ngemizuzu engama-25 kuye kwengama-45.

Yize izivivinyo ezimfushane zisebenzisa isikhathi esincane, odokotela abaningi bakhetha ukuhlolwa okude ngoba kucwaningwe eminyakeni edlule.

Kusetshenziselwa ini?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-MMPI kusetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo, kepha ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo yengqondo abanciki esivivinyweni esisodwa ukwenza ukuxilongwa. Imvamisa bakhetha ukuqoqa imininingwane emithonjeni eminingi, kufaka phakathi ukuxhumana kwabo nomuntu ohlolwayo.

I-MMPI kufanele ilawulwe kuphela ngumlawuli wokuhlola oqeqeshiwe, kepha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa kwezinye izilungiselelo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-MMPI kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa ezingxabanweni zokugcinwa kwabantwana, izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, izilungiselelo zezemfundo, kanye nokuhlolwa komsebenzi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-MMPI njengengxenye yenqubo yokuthola umsebenzi kudale impikiswano ethile. Abanye abameli bathi kwephula izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Wabantu Abakhubazekile BaseMelika (ADA).

Yiziphi izikali zemitholampilo ze-MMPI?

Izinto zokuhlola eziku-MMPI zenzelwe ukuthola ukuthi ukuphi ezikalini eziyishumi ezihlukene zezempilo yengqondo.

Isikali ngasinye sihlobene nephethini noma isimo esihlukile sengqondo, kepha kunokugqagqana okuningi phakathi kwezikali. Ngokuvamile, izikolo eziphakeme kakhulu zingakhombisa ukuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo.

Nayi incazelo emfushane yokuthi isikali ngasinye sihlola ini.

Isilinganiso 1: I-Hypochondriasis

Lesi sikali siqukethe izinto ezingama-32 futhi senzelwe ukukala ukuthi ngabe unenkathazo engenampilo ngempilo yakho.

Ukuthola amaphuzu aphezulu kulesi sikali kungasho ukuthi ukukhathazeka ngempilo yakho kuphazamisa impilo yakho futhi kudala izinkinga ebudlelwaneni bakho.

Isibonelo, umuntu onesilinganiso esiphakeme se-Scale 1 angahle athambekele ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu zomzimba ezingenayo imbangela eyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokuxineka okukhulu.

Isilinganiso 2: Ukudangala

Lesi sikali, esinezinto ezingama-57, silinganisa ukwaneliseka ngempilo yakho.

Umuntu onesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu se-Scale 2 angabhekana nokudangala komtholampilo noma abe nemicabango yokuzibulala njalo.

Amaphuzu aphakanyiswe kancane kulesi sikali angaba inkomba yokuthi uhoxisiwe noma awuneme ngezimo zakho.

Isilinganiso 3: iHysteria

Lesi sikali sezinto ezingama-60 sihlola impendulo yakho ekucindezelekeni, kufaka phakathi zombili izimpawu zakho zomzimba nempendulo engokomzwelo yokuba ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abanezinhlungu ezingapheli bangathola amaphuzu aphezulu ezikalini ezintathu zokuqala ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwezempilo okude, okuphakeme.

Isikali 4: Ukuphambuka kwePsychopathic

Lesi sikali ekuqaleni bekuhloswe ngaso ukuveza ukuthi ngabe ubhekene ne-psychopathology.

Izinto zayo ezingama-50 zilinganisa isimilo sokuziphatha nokungaziphathi kahle, ngaphezu kokuhambisana noma ukumelana negunya.

Uma uthola amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu kuleli zinga, ungathola ukuxilongwa ngesifo sobuntu.

Isikali 5: Ubudoda / ubufazi

Inhloso yasekuqaleni yale ngxenye yokuhlolwa kwemibuzo engama-56 bekuwukuthola ulwazi mayelana nezocansi zabantu. Kusuka esikhathini lapho abanye ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo babheka ukukhangwa kwabobulili obufanayo njengesifo.

Namuhla, lesi sikali sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi ubonakala ukhomba ngokungaguquguquki kanjani nezinkambiso zobulili.

Isilinganiso 6: Paranoia

Lesi sikali, esinemibuzo engama-40, sihlola izimpawu ezihambisana ne-psychosis, ikakhulukazi:

• ukusola ngokweqile kwabanye abantu
• ukucabanga okukhulu
• ukucabanga okuqinile okumnyama nokumhlophe
• imizwa yokushushiswa ngumphakathi

Izikolo eziphakeme kulesi sikali zingakhombisa ukuthi ubhekene nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma ukuphazamiseka kobuntu okuphambene nomqondo.

Isilinganiso 7: I-Psychasthenia

Lesi silinganiso sezinto ezingama-48:

• ukukhathazeka
• ukudana
• ukuziphatha okuphoqelela
• izimpawu zokuphazamiseka okucindezelayo (OCD)

Igama elithi "psychasthenia" alisasetshenziswa njengokuxilonga, kepha ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo basasebenzisa lesi sikali njengendlela yokuhlola ukuphoqelelwa okungenampilo kanye nemizwa ephazamisayo ebabangelayo.

Isilinganiso 8: Schizophrenia

Lesi sikali sezinto ezingama-78 senzelwe ukukhombisa ukuthi ngabe unayo, noma kungenzeka uthuthukise, isifo se-schizophrenia.

Kucabangela ukuthi ngabe uhlangabezana nemibono, ukukhohlisa, noma izikhathi zokucabanga okungahlelekile ngokweqile. Iphinde inqume ukuthi ungazizwa wehlukaniswe nomphakathi ongakanani.

Isilinganiso 9: Hypomania

Inhloso yalesi sikali sezinto ezingama-46 ukuhlola izimpawu ezihambisana ne-hypomania, kufaka phakathi:

• amandla angaqondisiwe ngokweqile
• inkulumo esheshayo
• imicabango yokujaha
• ukusangana
• ukungafisi
• izinkohliso zobukhulu

Uma unesilinganiso esiphakeme se-Scale 9, ungahle ube nezimpawu ezihambisana nesifo se-bipolar.

Isilinganiso 10: Ukungeniswa komphakathi

Esinye sezengezo zakamuva ku-MMPI, lesi sikali sezinto ezingama-69 silinganisa ukuxubeka noma ukuqaliswa. Leli yizinga ofuna ngalo noma ohoxa ngalo ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi.

Lesi sikali sibheka, phakathi kokunye, okwakho:

• ukuncintisana
• ukuhambisana
• amahloni
• ukwethembeka

Kuthiwani ngezikali zokufaneleka?

Izikali zokuqinisekisa zisiza abaphathi bokuhlola ukuthi baqonde ukuthi ziyiqiniso kangakanani izimpendulo zomhloli wokuhlola.

Ezimweni lapho imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingaba nomthelela empilweni yomuntu, njengokuqashwa noma ukugcinwa kwengane, abantu bangakhuthazeka ukubika ngokweqile, ukubika ngaphansi, noma ukungathembeki. Lezi zikali zisiza ukuveza izimpendulo ezinganembile.

Isikali esingu- “L” noma sokuqamba amanga

Abantu abazuza amaphuzu aphezulu esikalini sika- “L” kungenzeka ukuthi bazama ukuziveza ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, ngokwenqaba ukuvuma izici noma izimpendulo abasaba ukuthi zingabenza babukeke zimbi.

Isikali "F"

Ngaphandle kokuthi bakhethe izimpendulo ezingahleliwe, abantu abazuza amaphuzu aphezulu kulesi sikali kungenzeka ukuthi bazama ukubonakala besesimweni esibi kakhulu kunalokho abayikho ngempela.

Lezi zinto zokuhlola zihlose ukudalula ukungahambelani emaphethini wezimpendulo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amaphuzu aphezulu esikalini se- "F" angakhombisa futhi ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma i-psychopathology.

Isikali "K"

Lezi zinto zokuhlola ezingama-30 zigxila ekuzilawuleni nasebudlelwaneni. Zihloselwe ukudalula ukuzivikela komuntu emibuzweni ethile kanye nezici ezithile.

Njengesikali "L", izinto ezisesikalini sika "K" zenzelwe ukugqamisa isidingo somuntu ukuze ubonwe kahle.

Isilinganiso se-CNS

Kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa isikali esithi "Awukwazi Ukuthi", lokhu kuhlolwa kwalo lonke uvivinyo kukala ukuthi umuntu akayiphenduli kangaki into yokuhlola.

Ukuhlolwa okunemibuzo engaphezu kwengu-30 engaphenduliwe kungahle kungavunyelwa.

Isikali se-TRIN ne-VRIN

Lezi zikali ezimbili zithola amaphethini wezimpendulo akhombisa ukuthi umuntu owenza isivivinyo ukhethe izimpendulo ngaphandle kokucabanga ngombuzo.

Kuphethini ye-TRIN (True Response Inconsistency), othile usebenzisa iphethini yokuphendula engaguquki, efana nezimpendulo ezinhlanu "zeqiniso" ezilandelwa izimpendulo ezinhlanu "zamanga".

Kuphethini ye-VRIN (Varied Response Inconsistency), umuntu uphendula "ngama-true" angahleliwe "nangamanga".

Isilinganiso se-Fb

Ukubamba ushintsho oluphawulekayo lwezimpendulo phakathi kwesigamu sokuqala nesesibili sesivivinyo, abaphathi bezivivinyo babheka imibuzo engama-40 engxenyeni yesibili yokuhlolwa engavunyelwe ngokuvamile.

Uma uphendula ngokuthi “iqiniso” kule mibuzo izikhathi ezingama-20 kunalokhu uphendula ngokuthi “amanga,” umphathi wokuhlola angaphetha ngokuthi okuthile kuphazamisa izimpendulo zakho.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ukhathele, wakhathazeka, noma waphazamiseka, noma ukuthi uqale ukubika ngokweqile ngesinye isizathu.

Isikali se-Fp

Lezi zinto zokuhlola ezingama-27 zihloselwe ukudalula ukuthi ngabe ubika ngokweqile ngamabomu noma ungahlosile, okungakhombisa ukuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu.

Isilinganiso se-FBS

Lezi zinto zokuhlola ezingama-43, kwesinye isikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi isikali “sobuqiniso besibonakaliso”, zenzelwe ukuthola ukubika ngokweqile kwezimpawu ngezimpawu. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka lapho abantu befuna ukulimala noma izimangalo zokukhubazeka.

Isikali se- “S”

Isikali Esivelele Sokuzethula sibheka ukuthi uyiphendula kanjani imibuzo engama-50 mayelana nokuthula, ukwaneliseka, isimilo, ukulunga kwabantu, nezimfanelo ezifana nokubekezela. Lokhu ukubona ukuthi ungahle uhlanekezele izimpendulo ukuze ubukeke ungcono.

Uma ubika ngaphansi kwemibuzo engama-44 kwengama-50, isilinganiso sikhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka uzizwe unesidingo sokuzivikela.

Ukuhlolwa kuhilelani?

I-MMPI-2 inezinto ezingama-567 zokuhlola eziphelele, futhi kuzokuthatha phakathi kwemizuzu engama-60 nengama-90 ukuqeda. Uma uthatha i-MMPI2-RF, kufanele ulindele ukuchitha phakathi kwemizuzu engama-35 nengama-50 uphendula imibuzo engama-338.

Kukhona izincwajana ezitholakalayo, kepha futhi ungathatha isivivinyo ku-inthanethi, kungaba nguwe noma kusethingi yeqembu.

Isivivinyo sine-copyright yi-University of Minnesota. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwakho kuphathwe futhi kutholwe amaphuzu ngokuya ngemikhombandlela esemthethweni.

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa itolikwa futhi ichazwe kuwe ngokunembile, kuwumqondo omuhle ukusebenza nodokotela wezengqondo noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile kulolu hlobo lokuhlola.

Okubalulekile

I-MMPI isivivinyo esicwaningisiswe kahle futhi esihlonishwayo esenzelwe ukusiza ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka nemibandela yezempilo yengqondo.

Kuyisibalo esizibikelayo esihlola lapho uwela khona ezikalini eziyi-10 ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka kwempilo yezengqondo. Isivivinyo sisebenzisa nezikali zokuqinisekisa ukusiza abaphathi bokuhlola ukuthi baqonde ukuthi uzizwa kanjani ngokuthatha isivivinyo nokuthi ngabe uphendule imibuzo ngokunembile nangokuthembeka.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuhlolwa olwenzayo, ungalindela ukuchitha imizuzu engama-35 nengama-90 uphendula imibuzo.

I-MMPI isivivinyo esithembekile futhi esisetshenziswa kabanzi, kodwa uchwepheshe omuhle wezempilo yengqondo ngeke enze ukuxilongwa kususelwe kuphela kuleli thuluzi elilodwa lokuhlola.