I-Dysarthria: kuyini, izinhlobo kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Ungayibona kanjani
• Izinhlobo ze-dysarthria
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Dysarthria iyinkinga yokukhuluma, evame ukubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, njenge-stroke, ukukhubazeka kobuchopho, isifo sika-Parkinson, i-myasthenia gravis noma i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ngokwesibonelo.

Umuntu one-dysarthria akakwazi ukukhuluma kahle futhi abize amagama kahle ngenxa yoshintsho ohlelweni olubhekele ukukhuluma, okubandakanya imisipha yomlomo, yolimi, ye-larynx noma yezintambo zezwi, ezingadala ubunzima ekuxhumaneni nasekuzihlukaniseni nomphakathi.

Ukwelapha i-dysarthria, kubalulekile ukwenza imithambo yokwelashwa ngokomzimba bese ulandela owelapha ukukhuluma, njengendlela yokusebenzisa ulimi nokwenza ngcono imisindo ekhishiwe, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela akhombe futhi alaphe okwenze lolu shintsho.

Ungayibona kanjani

Kwi-dysarthria kunoshintsho ekukhiqizeni amagama, kube nobunzima ekunyakaziseni ulimi noma imisipha yobuso, okwenza izimpawu nezimpawu ezinjengokukhuluma okuhamba kancane, okungaqondakali kahle noma okungahambi kahle. Kwezinye izimo, ukukhuluma kungasheshiswa noma kukhungathekiswe, njengoba nje kungaba phansi kakhulu noma kuhlebelwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-dysarthria ingahle ihambisane nolunye ushintsho lwezinzwa, njenge-dysphagia, okunzima ukugwinya ukudla, i-dyslalia, okuwukushintsha kokubizwa kwamagama, noma i-aphasia, okuwukushintsha kokuveza noma ukuqonda ulimi. Qonda ukuthi iyini i-dyslalia nokuthi uyiphatha kanjani.

Izinhlobo ze-dysarthria

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-dysarthria, futhi izici zazo zingahluka ngokuya ngendawo nosayizi wesilonda sezinzwa noma isifo esibangela inkinga. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka:

• I-Flaccid dysarthria: yi-dysarthria, evamise ukukhiqiza izwi elihoshozelayo, elinamandla amancane, amakhala kanye nokukhishwa okungacacile kongwaqa. Imvamisa kwenzeka ezifweni ezidala ukulimala kwe-motor neuron engezansi, njenge-myasthenia gravis noma ukukhubazeka kwe-bulbar, isibonelo;
• I-Spar dysarthria: ibuye ithambekele ekucasuleni iphimbo lamakhala, elinongwaqa abangaqondile, ngaphezu konkamisa abasontekile, okwenza isikhathi esishubile nezwi "eliklinyiwe". Kungahle kuhambisane nokuqina komzimba kanye nokucabanga okungajwayelekile kwemisipha yobuso. Ukulimala kaningi emithanjeni ephezulu yemoto, njengokulimala kwengqondo okulimazayo;
• I-Ataxic dysarthria: le dysarthria ingadala izwi elinokhahlo, ngokuhluka kwephimbo lokugcizelela, ngenkulumo ehamba kancane nokuthuthumela ezindebeni nasolimini. Ungayikhumbula inkulumo yomuntu odakiwe. Imvamisa kuvela ezimeni lapho kunokulimala okuhlobene nesifunda se-cerebellum;
• I-dysarthria ye-Hypokinetic: kukhona izwi elihoshozelayo, eliphefumulayo futhi eliqhaqhazelayo, nokunganembi ejoyintini, futhi kukhona noshintsho ekusheshisweni kwenkulumo nasekuqhaqhazeleni komlomo nolimi. Kungenzeka kwizifo ezidala ushintsho esifundeni sobuchopho esibizwa nge-basal ganglia, esivame kakhulu kwisifo sikaParkinson;
• I-Hyperkinetic dysarthria: kunokuhlanekezelwa kokuchazwa konkamisa, kubanga izwi elinokhahlo nokuphazamiseka ekuchazeni amagama. Kungenzeka ezimweni zokulimala ohlelweni lwe-extrapyramidal nervous, njalo ezimweni ze-chorea noma i-dystonia, isibonelo.
• I-dysarthria exubile: iveza ushintsho lwezimpawu zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ze-dysarthria, futhi kungenzeka ezimweni eziningana, njenge-multiple sclerosis, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis noma ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukuthola imbangela ye-dysarthria, isazi sezinzwa sizohlola izimpawu, ukuhlolwa komzimba, noku-oda izivivinyo ezifana ne-computed tomography, imaging resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, ukubhoboza i-lumbar kanye nesifundo se-neuropsychological, isibonelo, ezithola ushintsho olukhulu oluhlobene noma lokho lokhu kuguqulwa enkulumweni.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu nobukhulu be-dysarthria, futhi udokotela angancoma ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa ushintsho lwe-anatomical noma ukukhipha isimila, noma ukukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukudambisa izimpawu, njengesimo sesifo sikaParkinson, isibonelo.

Kodwa-ke, indlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa yenziwa ngezindlela zokwelapha zokuvuselela, ngamasu okwelapha ukukhuluma ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhishwa kwezwi, kulawule amandla, kuqondwe kahle amagama, kuphefumule noma kuhlele ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana. Ukuvivinya umzimba ngokwelashwa nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwenhlanganisela yomhlathi nokusiza ekuqiniseni imisipha yobuso.