Kuyini ukutheleleka esibhedlela, izinhlobo futhi kulawulwa kanjani?

-Delile

• Izifo ezivame kakhulu
• 1. Inyumoniya
• 2. Ukutheleleka ngomchamo
• 3. Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba
• 4. Ukutheleleka ngegazi
• Ubani osengozini enkulu

Ukutheleleka esibhedlela, noma i-Health Care Related Infection (HAI) kuchazwa njenganoma yikuphi ukutheleleka okutholwe ngenkathi umuntu engeniswa esibhedlela, futhi kusengabonakala ngesikhathi sokulaliswa, noma ngemuva kokuphuma, inqobo nje uma kuhlobene nokulaliswa esibhedlela noma izinqubo ezenziwa lapho isibhedlela.

Ukuthola ukutheleleka esibhedlela akujwayelekile, ngoba lokhu kuyindawo lapho abantu abaningi begula futhi belashwa ngama-antibiotic. Phakathi nesikhathi esibhedlela, ezinye zezinto ezibangela ukutheleleka yilezi:

• Ukungalingani kwezitshalo zebhaktheriya isikhumba nomzimba, imvamisa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic;
• Ukuwa kokuvikela amasosha omzimba komuntu osesibhedlela, kokubili kwesifo nokusetshenziswa kwemithi;
• Ukwenza izinqubo amadivayisi angenayo njengokufakwa kwe-catheter, ukufakwa kwe-catheter, ama-biopsies, ama-endoscopies noma ukuhlinzwa, isibonelo, okuphula umgoqo wokuvikela isikhumba.

Ngokuvamile, amagciwane amancane abangela ukutheleleka esibhedlela awabangeli izifo kwezinye izimo, njengoba esebenzisa ngokunenzuzo imvelo enamagciwane ambalwa angenabungozi nokwehla kokumelana nesiguli ukuze kuzinze. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, amabhaktheriya asesibhedlela ajwayele ukungenisa izifo ezinzima okunzima ukuzelapha, ngoba amelana kakhulu nemithi elwa namagciwane, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic anamandla kakhulu ukwelapha lolu hlobo lokutheleleka.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu

Ukutheleleka okutholwe esibhedlela kungaholela ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu nezimpawu ezahlukahluka ngokuya nge-microorganism ebhekele ukutheleleka kanye nendlela yokungena emzimbeni. Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezindaweni zesibhedlela yilezi:

1. Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia etholwe esibhedlela ivame ukuba nzima futhi ivame kakhulu kubantu abalele embhedeni, abaqulekile noma abanenkinga yokugwinya, ngenxa yengozi yokulangazelela ukudla noma amathe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasebenzisa izinsiza zokuphefumula maningi amathuba okuthi bathole izifo ezitholwa ezibhedlela.

Amanye amabhaktheriya ajwayelekile kulolu hlobo lwe-pneumonia yiUKlebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella sp., ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane nesikhunta.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezihambisana ne-pneumonia yesibhedlela ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukukhwehlela ngokukhipha okuphuzi noma okunegazi, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ukungabi nesifiso sokudla nokuphefumula.

2. Ukutheleleka ngomchamo

Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo wesibhedlela kwenziwa lula ngokusebenzisa iphenyo ngesikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela, yize noma ngubani angakhula. Amanye amabhaktheriya abandakanyeka kakhulu kulesi simo afaka phakathi Escherichia coli, I-Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Enterococcus faecalis nesikhunta, njenge I-Candida sp.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo kungabonakala ngobuhlungu noma ngokushisa lapho uchama, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuba khona kwegazi emchameni nasemkhuhlane.

3. Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba

Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba kuvame kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemijovo nokutholakala kwemithambo emithini noma amasampula wokuhlolwa, ukuhlinzwa noma izibazi ze-biopsy noma ukwakheka kwezilonda. Ezinye zezilwanyana ezincane ezibandakanyeka kulolu hlobo lokutheleleka yileziI-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Enterococcus, i-Klebsiella sp., I-Proteus sp., I-Enterobacter sp, i-Serratia sp., I-Streptococcus sp. futhi I-Staphylococcus epidermidis, Ngokwesibonelo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Endabeni yokutheleleka kwesikhumba, kungahle kube nendawo yokubomvu nokuvuvukala esifundeni, kukhona noma ngaphandle kwamabhalasha. Ngokuvamile, leli sayithi libuhlungu futhi liyashisa, futhi kungahle kube nokukhiqizwa kwemfihlo equkethe ubovu nephunga.

4. Ukutheleleka ngegazi

Ukutheleleka kwegazi kubizwa nge-septicemia futhi kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokutheleleka kwengxenye ethile yomzimba, esakazeka egazini. Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka lubucayi, futhi uma lungelashwa ngokushesha lungadala ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba nengozi yokufa. Noma yimaphi ama-microorganisms avela ezifweni angasakazeka ngegazi, futhi okunye okuvamile kakhulu E. coli, I-Staphylococcus aureus, I-Staphylococcus epidermidis noma UCandida, Ngokwesibonelo.

Izimpawu eziyinhlokoIzimpawu eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokutheleleka egazini umkhuhlane, ukugodola, ukwehla kwengcindezi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okubuthakathaka, ukozela. Funda ukuthi ungabona kanjani ukutheleleka egazini lakho.

Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezingavamile zezifo ze-nosocomial, ezithinta izifunda ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, ezinjengomlomo womlomo, umgudu wokugaya ukudla, izitho zangasese, amehlo noma izindlebe, ngokwesibonelo. Noma yikuphi ukutheleleka esibhedlela kufanele kuhlonzwe ngokushesha futhi kulashwe ngama-antibiotic afanele, ukunqanda ukuthi kungabi kubi kakhulu nokubeka engcupheni impilo yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona noma yiluphi uphawu noma uphawu lwalesi simo, udokotela obhekele lokho kumele abikwe.

Ubani osengozini enkulu

Noma ngubani angaba nokutheleleka esibhedlela, kepha labo abanokuqina okukhulu kokuzivikela komzimba basengozini enkulu, efana nale:

• Abadala;
• Izinsana;
• Abantu abanokuzivikela komzimba okungakhubazekile, ngenxa yezifo ezinjenge-AIDS, ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzivikela;
• Isifo sikashukela esilawulwa kabi;
• Abantu abalele embhedeni noma benokuqonda okushintshiwe, njengoba benengozi ephezulu yokufisa;
• Izifo zemithambo yegazi, ezinokujikeleza okungakhubazekile, njengoba zivimbela ukwelashwa kwe-oxygenation nezicubu;
• Iziguli ezidinga ukusebenzisa amadivayisi angenayo, njenge-catheterization ye-urinary, ukufakwa kwe-catheter ye-venous, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ventilation ngamadivayisi;
• Ukwenza ukuhlinza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela, kuba sengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka esibhedlela, njengoba kunethuba elikhulu lokuchayeka ezingozini nasezilwanyaneni ezincane ezibhekele ukwelashwa.