Imithi Evame Ukusetshenziswa ye-Opioid

-Delile

• Amafomu ama-opioid
• Uhlu lwemikhiqizo yama-opioid kuphela
• I-Buprenorphine
• I-Butorphanol
• I-Codeine sulfate
• Fentanyl
• I-hydrocodone bitartrate
• I-Hydromorphone
• I-Levorphanol tartrate
• I-Meperidine hydrochloride
• Imethadone hydrochloride
• I-morphine sulfate
• I-Oxycodone
• I-Oxymorphone
• I-Tapentadol
• I-Tramadol
• Uhlu lwemikhiqizo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-opioid
• I-Acetaminophen-caffeine-dihydrocodeine
• I-Acetaminophen-codeine
• I-Aspirin-caffeine-dihydrocodeine
• I-Hydrocodone-acetaminophen
• I-Hydrocodone-ibuprofen
• I-Morphine-naltrexone
• I-Oxycodone-acetaminophen
• Oxycodone-aspirin
• I-Oxycodone-ibuprofen
• I-Oxycodone-naltrexone
• IPentazocine-naloxone
• I-Tramadol-acetaminophen
• Ama-opioid emikhiqizweni yokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kobuhlungu
• Ukucatshangelwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-opioid
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Umlando wokwelashwa kobuhlungu
• Ezinye izimo
• Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa
• Ubudala
• Umlando wokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa
• Ukutholakala komshuwalense
• Izinyathelo zokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwama-opioid
• Ukubekezelelana nokuhoxa
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Isingeniso

Umuthi wokuqala we-opioid, i-morphine, wenziwa ngo-1803. Kusukela lapho, ama-opioid amaningi ahlukene angene emakethe. Ezinye zengezwa nasemikhiqizweni eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthe xaxa, njengokulapha ukukhwehlela.

Njengamanje e-United States izidakamizwa eziningi zokuhlanganiswa kwe-opioid kuphela ne-opioid zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli lapho eminye imithi, efana ne-ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen, ingenamandla ngokwanele. Izinhlobo ezithile ziyasetshenziswa nasekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa i-opioid.

Amafomu ama-opioid

Imikhiqizo yama-opioid iza ngezindlela eziningi. Zihlukile endleleni ozithatha ngayo nokuthi zithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuqala ukusebenza nokuthi zihlala zisebenza isikhathi esingakanani. Iningi lalawa mafomu angathathwa ngaphandle kosizo. Amanye, amafomu anjalo anokujova, kufanele anikezwe nguchwepheshe wezempilo.

Imikhiqizo ekhishwa ngokushesha iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngemuva kokuyithatha, kodwa iyasebenza ngezikhathi ezimfushane. Imikhiqizo ekhishwe isikhathi eside ikhipha izidakamizwa isikhathi eside. Imikhiqizo ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengokukhishwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthi kufakwe ilebula ngenye indlela.

Ama-opioid akhishwa ngokushesha asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli. Ama-opioid akhululiwe enwetshiwe ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obungapheli lapho ama-opioid akhululwa ngokushesha engasenele.

Uma udokotela wakho ekuyalela ukuthi akhiphe ama-opioid enwetshiwe, angaphinde akunikeze ama-opioid akhishwe ngokushesha ukwelapha ubuhlungu bokuqhamuka, ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu bomdlavuza noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kokuphela kokuphila.

Uhlu lwemikhiqizo yama-opioid kuphela

Le mikhiqizo iqukethe ama-opioid kuphela:

I-Buprenorphine

Lesi sidakamizwa iyi-opioid esebenza isikhathi eside. I-generic buprenorphine iza kuthebhulethi ekhulunywa ngaphansi kwezilimi ezimbalwa, i-transdermal patch, nesisombululo somjovo. Izixazululo ezijojwayo ezijwayelekile kanye negama lomkhiqizo zinikezwa kuphela ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Izibonelo zemikhiqizo enegama lomkhiqizo le-buprenorphine zifaka:

• I-Belbuca, ifilimu ye-buccal
• I-Probuphine, ukufakelwa kwe-intradermal
• Ama-Butrans, isichibi se-transdermal
• I-Buprenex, isisombululo esingajova

Amanye amafomu asetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli obudinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-buprenorphine ziyatholakala ukwelapha ukuncika kwe-opioid.

I-Butorphanol

I-Butorphanol itholakala kuphela njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Ifika ngesifutho samakhala. Kungumkhiqizo okhishwa ngokushesha futhi ujwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu. I-Butorphanol iyatholakala futhi kwisisombululo esingajova okufanele sinikezwe ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

I-Codeine sulfate

ICodeine sulfate itholakala kuphela njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Ifika kuthebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa ngokushesha. I-Codeine sulfate ayisetshenziselwa kakhulu izinhlungu. Uma kunjalo, ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obulinganiselayo nobulinganiselayo.

Fentanyl

I-generic fentanyl iza ngama-lozenges omlomo, ama-transdermal patches akhululiwe, kanye nesisombululo esingajova esinikezwa kuphela ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Imikhiqizo enegama lomkhiqizo fentanyl ifaka:

• I-Fentora, ithebhulethi ye-buccal
• I-Actiq, i-lozenge yomlomo
• ULazanda, isifutho samakhala
• I-Abstral, ithebhulethi yolimi olungezansi
• I-Subsys, isifutho sesi-sublingual
• I-Duragesic, isichibi se-transdermal esikhishwe isikhathi eside

Isiqephu se-transdermal sisetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini futhi asebevele basebenzisa imishanguzo yezinhlungu ze-opioid.

Eminye imikhiqizo isetshenziselwa ukuqhuma kobuhlungu kubantu asebethole ama-opioid asebenza ubusuku nemini ngobuhlungu bomdlavuza.

I-hydrocodone bitartrate

IHydrocodone bitartrate, njengesithako esisodwa, iyatholakala njengemikhiqizo yamagama alandelayo yomkhiqizo:

• I-Zohydro ER, i-capsule yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside
• IHysingla ER, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside
• IVantrela ER, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa isikhathi eside

Isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini. Noma kunjalo, ayisetshenziswa kakhulu.

I-Hydromorphone

I-hydromorphone ejwayelekile iza nesisombululo somlomo, ithebhulethi yomlomo, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside, kanye ne-suppository ye-rectal. Iphinde itholakale kusisombululo esingajova esinikezwa ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Imikhiqizo enegama lomkhiqizo ye-hydromorphone ifaka phakathi:

• I-Dilaudid, isisombululo somlomo noma ithebhulethi yomlomo
• I-Exalgo, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside

Imikhiqizo ekhishwe isikhathi eside isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini. Imikhiqizo ekhishwa ngokushesha isetshenziselwa kokubili ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli.

I-Levorphanol tartrate

I-Levorphanol itholakala kuphela njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Ifika kuthebhulethi yomlomo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obunzima obulinganiselayo nobunzima.

I-Meperidine hydrochloride

Lesi sidakamizwa sijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obunzima obulinganiselayo nobunzima. Itholakala njengomuthi ojwayelekile futhi njengegama lomuthi iDemerol. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zitholakala kusisombululo somlomo noma kuthebhulethi yomlomo. Kokubili kuyatholakala nasesisombululo somjovo esinikezwa ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Imethadone hydrochloride

IMethadone hydrochloride iyatholakala njengesidakamizwa esijwayelekile kanye negama lomuthi iDolophine. Isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini.

Uhlobo olujwayelekile luyatholakala kuthebhulethi yomlomo, isisombululo somlomo, nokumiswa ngomlomo. Iphinde itholakale kwisisombululo somjovo esinikezwa ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. IDolophine itholakala kuphela kuthebhulethi yomlomo.

I-morphine sulfate

I-generic morphine sulfate iyatholakala kwi-capsule yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside, isisombululo somlomo, ithebhulethi yomlomo, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside, i-rectal suppository nesisombululo somjovo.

Iphinde ifike ku-an, omisiwe i-opium poppy latex equkethe i-morphine ne-codeine exutshwe notshwala. Leli fomu lisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa inani nobuningi bokuhamba kwamathumbu futhi lingelapha isifo sohudo ezimweni ezithile.

Imikhiqizo enegama lomkhiqizo i-morphine sulfate ifaka phakathi:

• I-Kadian, i-capsule yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside
• I-Arymo ER, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa isikhathi eside
• I-MorphaBond, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside
• I-MS Contin, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa isikhathi eside
• I-Astramorph PF, isisombululo somjovo
• I-Duramorph, isisombululo somjovo
• IDepoDur, ukumiswa komjovo

Imikhiqizo ekhishwe isikhathi eside isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini. Imikhiqizo ekhishwa ngokushesha isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli. Imikhiqizo yokujova inikezwa kuphela ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

I-Oxycodone

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-oxycodone ziyatholakala njengezidakamizwa ezijwayelekile. Ezinye zitholakala kuphela njengezidakamizwa ezinegama lomkhiqizo. I-generic oxycodone iza nge-capsule yomlomo, isisombululo somlomo, ithebhulethi yomlomo, nethebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside.

Izinhlobo zamagama omkhiqizo zifaka:

• I-Oxaydo, ithebhulethi yomlomo
• I-Roxicodone, ithebhulethi yomlomo
• I-Oxycontin, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside
• I-Xtampza, i-capsule yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside
• Roxybond, ithebhulethi yomlomo

Imikhiqizo ekhishwe isikhathi eside isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini. Imikhiqizo ekhishwa ngokushesha isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli.

I-Oxymorphone

I-generic oxymorphone iyatholakala kuthebhulethi yomlomo kanye nethebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa enwetshiwe. Igama lomkhiqizo i-oxymorphone iyatholakala njenge:

• I-Opana, ithebhulethi yomlomo
• I-Opana ER, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa enwetshiwe noma ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa enwetshiwe

Amaphilisi akhishwa isikhathi eside asetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini.

Kodwa-ke, ngoJuni 2017, abaceliwe ukuthi abenzi bemikhiqizo eyandisiwe yokukhishwa kwe-oxymorphone bayeke le mithi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bathole ukuthi inzuzo yokuthatha lo muthi ayisadluli ubungozi.

Amathebulethi akhishwa ngokushesha asasetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli.

I-Oxymorphone iyatholakala nangefomu elifakwe emzimbeni wakho njengomkhiqizo wegama lomkhiqizo i-Opana. Inikezwa kuphela ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

I-Tapentadol

ITapentadol itholakala kuphela njengezinguqulo zegama lomkhiqizo iNucynta neNucynta ER. INucynta iyithebhulethi yomlomo noma isisombululo somlomo esisetshenziselwa izinhlungu ezibuhlungu nezingapheli. INucynta ER iyithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa enwetshiwe esetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli noma ubuhlungu obunzima obudalwa yisifo sikashukela se-neuropathy (ukulimala kwemizwa) kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini.

I-Tramadol

I-generic tramadol iza ne-capsule yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside, ithebhulethi yomlomo, nethebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside. Igama lomkhiqizo i-tramadol iza njenge:

• IConzip, i-capsule yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside
• I-EnovaRx, ukhilimu wangaphandle

Ithebhulethi yomlomo ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obulinganiselayo nobulinganiselayo. Imikhiqizo ekhishwe enwetshiwe isetshenziselwa izinhlungu ezingapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini. Ukhilimu wangaphandle usetshenziselwa ubuhlungu bemisipha.

Uhlu lwemikhiqizo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-opioid

Le mikhiqizo elandelayo ihlanganisa i-opioid nezinye izidakamizwa. Ngokufana nemikhiqizo ye-opioid kuphela, le mithi iza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene futhi isebenzisa okuhlukile:

I-Acetaminophen-caffeine-dihydrocodeine

Lesi sidakamizwa ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa kuphela ubuhlungu obukhulu obulinganiselayo nobulinganiselayo. I-generic acetaminophen-caffeine-dihydrocodeine iza kuthebhulethi yomlomo kanye ne-capsule yomlomo. Umkhiqizo wegama lomkhiqizo iTrezix uza nge-capsule yomlomo.

I-Acetaminophen-codeine

Lo muthi uvame ukusetshenziselwa kuphela ubuhlungu obumaphakathi kuya kokulingene. I-generic acetaminophen-codeine iza kuthebhulethi yomlomo nangesixazululo somlomo. Igama lomkhiqizo i-acetaminophen-codeine iza njenge:

• I-Capital ne-Codeine, ukumiswa ngomlomo
• ITylenol eneCodeine No. 3, ithebhulethi yomlomo
• I-Tylenol eneCodeine No. 4, ithebhulethi yomlomo

I-Aspirin-caffeine-dihydrocodeine

I-Aspirin-caffeine-dihydrocodeine iyatholakala njengejenerikhi kanye negama lomuthi i-Synalgos-DC. Iza nge-capsule yomlomo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa kuphela ubuhlungu obunzima obulinganiselayo kuya ngokulingene.

I-Hydrocodone-acetaminophen

Lesi sidakamizwa sijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obulinganiselayo nobulinganiselayo. I-generic hydrocodone-acetaminophen iza kuthebhulethi yomlomo nesisombululo somlomo. Izinhlobo zamagama omkhiqizo zifaka:

• I-Annexsia, ithebhulethi yomlomo
• Norco, ithebhulethi yomlomo
• I-Zyfrel, isisombululo somlomo

I-Hydrocodone-ibuprofen

I-Hydrocodone-ibuprofen iyatholakala njengethebhulethi yomlomo. Iza njengomuthi ojwayelekile nowezimpawu zomkhiqizo iReprexain neVicoprofen. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu.

I-Morphine-naltrexone

I-Morphine-naltrexone itholakala kuphela njengegama lomuthi elithi Embeda. Iza nge-capsule yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside. Lesi sidakamizwa sivame ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini.

I-Oxycodone-acetaminophen

Lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli. I-generic oxycodone-acetaminophen iyatholakala njengesisombululo somlomo nethebhulethi yomlomo. Izinhlobo zamagama omkhiqizo zifaka:

• I-Oxycet, ithebhulethi yomlomo
• I-Percocet, ithebhulethi yomlomo
• Roxicet, isisombululo somlomo
• I-Xartemis XR, ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa isikhathi eside

Oxycodone-aspirin

I-Oxycodone-aspirin iyatholakala njengejenerikhi kanye negama lomuthi iPercodan. Kuza njengethebhulethi yomlomo. Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obulinganiselayo nobulinganiselayo.

I-Oxycodone-ibuprofen

I-Oxycodone-ibuprofen itholakala kuphela njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Ifika kuthebhulethi yomlomo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa izinsuku ezingekho ngaphezu kweziyisikhombisa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obukhulu besikhashana.

I-Oxycodone-naltrexone

I-Oxycodone-naltrexone itholakala kuphela njengegama lomuthi iTroxyca ER ER. Iza nge-capsule yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini.

IPentazocine-naloxone

Lo mkhiqizo utholakala kuphela njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Ifika kuthebhulethi yomlomo. Isetshenziselwa kokubili ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli.

I-Tramadol-acetaminophen

I-Tramadol-acetaminophen iyatholakala njengesidakamizwa esijwayelekile kanye negama lomuthi elithi Ultracet. Ifika kuthebhulethi yomlomo. Leli fomu livame ukusetshenziswa isikhathi esingeqile kwezinsuku ezinhlanu ukwelapha ubuhlungu obukhulu besikhashana.

Ama-opioid emikhiqizweni yokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kobuhlungu

Amanye ama-opioid angasetshenziswa wedwa noma kwimikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe ukwelapha izimo ngaphandle kobuhlungu obunzima nobungapheli. Le mithi ihlanganisa:

• ikhodi
• i-hydrocodone
• buprenorphine
• imethadone

Isibonelo, zombili i-codeine ne-hydrocodone zihlangene nezinye izidakamizwa emikhiqizweni elapha ukukhwehlela.

I-Buprenorphine (iyodwa noma ihlanganiswe ne-naloxone) ne-methadone isetshenziselwa imikhiqizo ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa i-opioid.

Ukucatshangelwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-opioid

Kukhona ama-opioid amaningi nemikhiqizo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-opioid. Ngamunye unokusetshenziswa okwehlukile kokwelashwa. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-opioid efanele futhi uyisebenzise ngendlela efanele.

Wena nodokotela wakho kuzodingeka nicabangele izinto eziningi ngaphambi kokukhetha umkhiqizo noma imikhiqizo engcono kakhulu ye-opioid yokwelashwa kwakho ngawodwana. Lezi zinto zifaka:

• ubunzima bezinhlungu zakho
• umlando wakho wokwelashwa kobuhlungu
• ezinye izimo onazo
• ezinye izidakamizwa oziphuzayo
• iminyaka yakho
• noma ngabe unomlando wokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
• umshuwalense wakho wezempilo

Ubuhlungu obukhulu

Udokotela wakho uzobheka ukuthi ubuhlungu bakho bukhulu kangakanani lapho uncoma ukwelashwa kwe-opioid. Eminye imishanguzo ye-opioid inamandla kuneminye.

Eminye imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe, efana ne-codeine-acetaminophen, isetshenziselwa kuphela ubuhlungu obungemukeleki kangako. Ezinye, njenge-hydrocodone-acetaminophen, zinamandla futhi zisetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo obulinganiselayo.

Imikhiqizo ekhishwa ngokushesha i-opioid kuphela ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obumaphakathi nobunzima. Imikhiqizo ekhishwe enwetshiwe yenzelwe kuphela ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obudinga ukwelashwa ubusuku nemini ngemuva kokuthi eminye imithi ingasebenzi.

Umlando wokwelashwa kobuhlungu

Udokotela wakho uzobheka ukuthi usuyitholile yini imishanguzo yobuhlungu bakho lapho uncoma ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Eminye imishanguzo ye-opioid, efana ne-fentanyl ne-methadone, ifaneleka kuphela kubantu asebethathe ama-opioid futhi badinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.

Ezinye izimo

Izinso zakho zisusa imishanguzo ye-opioid emzimbeni wakho. Uma unomsebenzi ombi wezinso, ungaba nengozi ephezulu yemiphumela emibi evela kule mithi. Lawa ma-opioid afaka:

• ikhodi
• morphine
• I-hydromorphone
• i-hydrocodone
• umabhebhana
• meperidine

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

Eminye imithi kufanele igwenywe noma isetshenziswe ngokuqapha ukugwema ukuxhumana nama-opioid athile. Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo ukuze udokotela wakho akwazi ukukukhetha i-opioid ephephe kakhulu kuwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi noma yimiphi imikhiqizo ethengwa ngaphandle kwamakhompiyutha, izithasiselo namakhambi

Ubudala

Akuyona yonke imikhiqizo yama-opioid efanelekile kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka.

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 akufanele zisebenzise imikhiqizo equkethe i-tramadol ne-codeine.

Ngokwengeziwe, le mikhiqizo akufanele isetshenziswe kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-12 nengu-18 uma bekhuluphele, benesifo sokuphefumula sokulala, noma benesifo samaphaphu esibi.

Umlando wokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa

Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho uma uke waba nezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Eminye imikhiqizo yama-opioid yakhelwe ukunciphisa ingozi yokusebenzisa kabi. Le mikhiqizo ifaka phakathi:

• ITarginiq ER
• Embeda
• IHysingla ER
• MorphaBond
• I-Xtampza ER
• ITroxyca ER
• I-Arymo ER
• IVantrela ER
• RoxyBond

Ukutholakala komshuwalense

Izinhlelo zomshwalense zomuntu ngamunye azihlanganisi yonke imikhiqizo ye-opioid, kepha izinhlelo eziningi zimboza eminye imikhiqizo ekhishwa ngokushesha kanye nemikhiqizo ekhishwe isikhathi eside. Imvelo ejwayelekile ngokuvamile ibiza kancane. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuze usize ukunquma ukuthi yimuphi umshwalense wakho ozowufaka.

Izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zilinganisela inani lomkhiqizo we-opioid ongawuthola inyanga ngayinye. Inkampani yakho yomshuwalense nayo ingadinga imvume yangaphambilini kudokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuvumela ukunikezwa kwakho.

Izinyathelo zokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwama-opioid

Ukusebenzisa ama-opioid, noma isikhathi esifushane, kungaholela ekubeni umlutha nokudlula ngokweqile. Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazithatha ukusebenzisa ama-opioid ngokuphepha:

• Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimuphi umlando wokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa ukuze bakwazi ukukuqapha ngokucophelela ngenkathi welashwa ngama-opioid.
• Landela izinkomba ezikudokotela wakho. Ukuthatha kakhulu noma ukuthatha umthamo ngokungalungile (njengokuchoboza amaphilisi ngaphambi kokuwaphuza) kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi eminingi, okubandakanya ubunzima bokuphefumula nokudlula ngokweqile.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele uzigweme ngenkathi uthatha i-opioid. Ukuxuba ama-opioid notshwala, ama-antihistamine (njenge-diphenhydramine), i-benzodiazepines (njenge-Xanax noma i-Valium), izidambisi zemisipha (njenge-Soma noma i-Flexeril), noma izinsiza zokulala (njenge-Ambien noma i-Lunesta) kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuphefumula okuyingozi.
• Gcina imithi yakho ngokuphepha futhi lapho izingane zingafinyeleli khona. Uma unamaphilisi e-opioid angasetshenziswanga, wahambise ohlelweni lokubuyisa izidakamizwa emphakathini.

Ukubekezelelana nokuhoxa

Umzimba wakho uzoba nokubekezelela imiphumela yama-opioid uma uwathatha isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uwathatha isikhathi eside, ungadinga amanani aphakeme nangaphezulu ukuthola ukuphumula kobuhlungu obufanayo. Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwe.

Ama-opioid nawo angadala ukuhoxa uma uwavimba ngokungazelelwe. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi ungakuyeka kanjani ngokuphepha ukuthatha ama-opioid. Abanye abantu kungadingeka ukuthi bayeke ngokunciphisa kancane ukusetshenziswa kwabo.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Kunama-opioid amaningi atholakala ukwelapha ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli kanye nezimo ezithile. Eminye imikhiqizo ingahle ikufanele, ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi bayazi ngezinto ezingathinta ukwelashwa abakuncomela kona.

Ngemuva kokuqala umkhiqizo opioid, qiniseka ukubona udokotela wakho njalo futhi ukhulume nganoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi noma ukukhathazeka onakho. Ngoba ukuthembela kungakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uzizwa ikwenzeka kuwe.

Uma ufuna ukumisa ukwelashwa kwakho kwe-opioid, udokotela wakho angasebenza nawe kuhlelo lokuyeka ngokuphepha ukuwaphuza.