I-Optic Neuritis

-Delile

• Ngubani osengozini ye-optic neuritis?
• Yini ebangela i-optic neuritis?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-optic neuritis?
• Itholakala kanjani i-optic neuritis?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-optic neuritis?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Yini i-optic neuritis?

Imizwa ye-optic ithwala imininingwane ebonakalayo isuke iso lakho iye ebuchosheni bakho. I-optic neuritis (ON) yilapho inzwa yakho ye-optic iyavutha.

I-ON ingaqhuma ngokuzumayo ngokungenwa yisifo noma isifo semizwa. Ukuvuvukala kuvame ukudala ukulahleka kombono wesikhashana okwenzeka ngeso elilodwa kuphela. Labo abane-ON kwesinye isikhathi bayabuzwa ubuhlungu.Njengoba ululama futhi ukuvuvukala kuhamba, umbono wakho kungenzeka ubuye.

Ezinye izimo ziholela ezimpawu ezifana ne-ON. Odokotela bangasebenzisa i-optical coherence tomography (OCT) noma i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ukusiza ukuthola ukuxilongwa okulungile.

I-ON ayidingi ukwelashwa ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi iyakwazi ukuzelapha yodwa. Imithi, efana ne-corticosteroids, ingasiza ekululameni ngokushesha. Iningi labantu abahlangabezana ne-ON banokubona okuphelele (noma okucishe kuphele) ukuthola umbono kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, kepha kungathatha izinyanga eziyi-12 ukufeza ukuthola umbono.

Ngubani osengozini ye-optic neuritis?

Kungenzeka ukuthi UTHUTHUKE uma:

• ungowesifazane ophakathi kweminyaka engu-18 no-45
• utholwe une-multiple sclerosis (MS)
• uhlala ebangeni eliphakeme (ngokwesibonelo, eNyakatho United States, eNew Zealand)

Yini ebangela i-optic neuritis?

Isizathu se-ON asiqondakali kahle. Amacala amaningi angama-idiopathic, okusho ukuthi awanaso isizathu esingakhomba. Isizathu esaziwa kakhulu yi-MS. Eqinisweni, i-ON ivame ukuba uphawu lokuqala lwe-MS. I-ON ingaba futhi ngenxa yokutheleleka noma impendulo yesistimu yomzimba yokuvuvukala.

Izifo zemizwa ezingadala i-ON zifaka:

• I-MS
• i-neuromyelitis optica
• Isifo sikaSchilder (isimo esingapheli sokudanjiswa kwesimo esiqala ebuntwaneni)

Ukutheleleka okungadala i-ON kufaka phakathi:

• mumps
• isimungumungwane
• isifo sofuba
• Isifo seLyme
• i-encephalitis yegciwane
• sinusitis
• meningitis
• amasongo

Ezinye izimbangela ze-ON zifaka:

• sarcoidosis, ukugula okubangela ukuvuvukala ezithweni nakwizicubu ezahlukahlukene
• I-Guillain-Barre syndrome, isifo lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela isimiso sakho sezinzwa
• ukusabela ngemuva kokugonywa, ukuphendula komzimba okulandela imigomo
• amakhemikhali athile noma izidakamizwa

Ziyini izimpawu ze-optic neuritis?

Izimpawu ezintathu ezivame kakhulu ze-ON yilezi:

• ukulahleka kombono esweni elilodwa, okungahluka kusuka komoya kuya kokubi futhi kuhlale izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-10
• ubuhlungu be-periocular, noma ubuhlungu obuzungeze iso lakho okuvame ukuqiniswa ukunyakaza kwamehlo
• i-dyschromatopsia, noma ukungakwazi ukubona imibala kahle

Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya:

• i-photopsia, ukubona amalambu abenyezelayo (eceleni) ngawodwa noma womabili amehlo
• izinguquko endleleni umfundi asabela ngayo ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo
• Isimo sika-Uhthoff (noma isibonakaliso sika-Uhthoff), lapho umbono wamehlo uba mubi ngokwanda kokushisa komzimba

Itholakala kanjani i-optic neuritis?

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, izimpawu, nomlando wezokwelapha kwakha isisekelo sokuxilongwa kwe-ON. Ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okulungile, udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuthola imbangela ye-ON yakho.

Izinhlobo zokugula ezingadala i-optic neuritis zifaka:

• ukudambisa izifo, njenge-MS
• i-autoimmune neuropathies, efana ne-systemic lupus erythematosus
• ama-neuropathies acindezelayo, njenge-meningioma (uhlobo lwesimila sobuchopho)
• izimo zokuvuvukala, njenge-sarcoidosis
• izifo, njenge-sinusitis

I-ON ifana nokuvuvukala kwemizwa ye-optic. Izimo ezinezimpawu ezifana ne-ON ezingezona ukuvuvukala zifaka:

• i-anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
• i-leber ifa le-optic neuropathy

Ngenxa yobudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwe-ON ne-MS, udokotela wakho angafuna ukwenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuskena kwe-OCT, okubheka izinzwa ezingemuva kweso lakho
• i-brain MRI scan, esebenzisa amandla kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo ukwakha isithombe esiningiliziwe sobuchopho bakho
• I-CT scan, edala isithombe se-X-ray esihlukanayo sobuchopho bakho noma ezinye izitho zomzimba wakho

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-optic neuritis?

Amacala amaningi we-ON alulama ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Uma i-ON yakho ingumphumela wesinye isimo, ukwelapha leso simo kuzoxazulula i-ON.

Ukwelashwa kwe-ON kufaka:

• i-methylprednisolone (IVMP) emithanjeni
• i-immunoglobulin emithanjeni (IVIG)
• imijovo ye-interferon

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-corticosteroids afana ne-IVMP kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-IVMP ifaka ukudangala okukhulu kanye ne-pancreatitis.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwe-steroid ifaka:

• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ukushintsha kwemizwelo emnene
• ukucasuka kwesisu

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Iningi labantu abane-ON lizoba nengxenye yokuqedela ukuvuselelwa kombono ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-12. Ngemuva kwalokho, amazinga okuphulukisa ancipha futhi umonakalo uhlala unomphela. Noma benokubuyiselwa okuhle kombono, abaningi basazoba nenani elihlukile lokulimala emithanjeni yabo ye-optic.

Iso liyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba. Bhekana nezimpawu zokuxwayisa zomonakalo ohlala njalo nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba zingalungiseki. Lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa zifaka phakathi umbono wakho ukhula isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili futhi kungabi nentuthuko ngemuva kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili.