Izindlela zokwelashwa ngomlomo ngomjovo we-MS: Uyini Umehluko?

-Delile

• Ukukhetha umuthi we-MS
• Imithi yokuzilimaza
• I-Avonex (i-interferon beta-1a)
• I-Betaseron (i-interferon beta-1b)
• ICopaxone (i-glatiramer acetate)
• I-Extavia (i-interferon beta-1b)
• I-Glatopa (i-glatiramer acetate)
• I-Plegridy (i-peferlated interferon beta-1a)
• I-Rebif (i-interferon beta-1a)
• Imithi yokufakwa ngaphakathi
• I-Lemtrada (alemtuzumab)
• I-Mitoxantrone hydrochloride
• I-Ocrevus (ocrelizumab)
• I-Tysabri (natalizumab)
• Imithi yomlomo
• I-Aubagio (teriflunomide)
• I-Gilenya (fingolimod)
• I-Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate)
• Ukuthatha

Ukubuka konke

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) yisifo sokuzilimaza komzimba lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela ukumbozwa kwe-myelin yezinzwa zakho. Ekugcineni, lokhu kudala ukulimala kwezinzwa uqobo.

Alikho ikhambi le-MS, kepha ukwelashwa kungasiza ukuphatha izimpawu futhi kwehlise ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Izindlela zokwelapha eziguqula izifo (i-DMTs) zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kwalesi sifo, ukunciphisa ukubuyela emuva, nokuvimbela ukulimala okusha ukuthi kungenzeki.

Ama-DMTs angathathwa ngomlomo noma ngomjovo. Imijovo ingazilimaza ekhaya noma inikezwe njenge-infusions emthanjeni esimweni somtholampilo.

Kokubili imithi yomlomo neyokujova inezinzuzo nemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Eziningi ziza nezixwayiso ezithile ezivela ku-Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Ukukhetha umuthi we-MS

Kunezici eziningi okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthatha isinqumo phakathi kokwelapha ngomlomo nangomjovo. Isibonelo, imithi yomlomo ithathwa nsuku zonke, kuyilapho imishanguzo eminingi yokujova ithathwa kaningi.

Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ulinganise ubungozi maqondana nezinzuzo bese unquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono ongayikhetha.

Okuthandayo kubalulekile ekukhetheni uhlelo lokwelashwa. Izinto ezibalulekile ofuna ukuzicabangela yilezi:

• ukusebenza komuthi
• imiphumela yaso emibi
• imvamisa yemithamo
• indlela esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umuthi

Imithi yokuzilimaza

Imishanguzo yokuzijova yenza isigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke se-DMTs. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside kwe-MS ebuyisela emuva kabusha (RRMS).

Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha uzokuqeqesha kwinqubo yokujova ukuze ukwazi ukuphatha umthamo wakho ngokuphepha. Iningi lale mithi lingadala ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, nobuhlungu endaweni yokujova, ngaphezu kweminye imiphumela emibi.

I-Avonex (i-interferon beta-1a)

• Inzuzo: isebenza njenge-modulator system immune, inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane
• Imvamisa yedosi nendlela: masonto onke, umjovo we-intramuscular
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: ikhanda, izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane
• Izexwayiso zifaka: ama-enzyme wesibindi nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) kungadinga ukubhekwa

I-Betaseron (i-interferon beta-1b)

• Inzuzo: isebenza njenge-modulator system immune, inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane
• Imvamisa yedosi nendlela: zonke ezinye izinsuku, umjovo ongena ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi amhlophe aphansi (WBC)
• Izexwayiso zifaka: ama-enzyme wesibindi ne-CBC kungadinga ukubhekwa

ICopaxone (i-glatiramer acetate)

• Inzuzo: isebenza njenge-modulator system immune, ivimbela ukuhlaselwa kwe-myelin
• Imvamisa yedosi nendlela: nsuku zonke noma kathathu ngesonto, umjovo ongaphansi
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: ukuqhuma, ukuphefumula, ukuqubuka, ubuhlungu besifuba
• Izexwayiso zifaka: amasayithi wokujova angahlehliswa unomphela ngoba izicubu ezinamafutha zibhujisiwe (ngenxa yalokho, kunconywa ukujikeleza ngokucophelela kwezindawo zokujova)

I-Extavia (i-interferon beta-1b)

• Inzuzo: isebenza njenge-modulator system immune, inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane
• Imvamisa yedosi nendlela: zonke ezinye izinsuku, umjovo ongena ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ikhanda
• Izexwayiso zifaka: ama-enzyme wesibindi ne-CBC kungadinga ukubhekwa

I-Glatopa (i-glatiramer acetate)

• Inzuzo: isebenza njenge-modulator system immune, ivimbela ukuhlaselwa kwe-myelin
• Imvamisa yedosi nendlela: nsuku zonke, umjovo ongaphansi
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova
• Izexwayiso zifaka: amasayithi wokujova angahlehliswa unomphela ngoba izicubu ezinamafutha zibhujisiwe (ngenxa yalokho, kunconywa ukujikeleza ngokucophelela kwezindawo zokujova)

I-Plegridy (i-peferlated interferon beta-1a)

• Inzuzo: isebenza njenge-modulator system immune, inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane
• Imvamisa yedosi nendlela: njalo emavikini amabili, umjovo ongena ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• Izexwayiso zifaka: ama-enzyme wesibindi angadinga ukubhekwa

I-Rebif (i-interferon beta-1a)

• Inzuzo: isebenza njenge-modulator system immune, inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane
• Imvamisa yedosi nendlela: kathathu ngesonto, umjovo ongaphansi
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• Izexwayiso zifaka: ama-enzyme wesibindi angadinga ukubhekwa

Imithi yokufakwa ngaphakathi

Olunye uhlobo lwendlela yokujova yokwelapha i-MS ukumnika ngaphakathi. Esikhundleni sokufaka isistimu yakho nge-intramuscularly noma ngaphansi, ama-infusions aya ngqo emthanjeni.

Ama-infusions kufanele anikezwe esimweni somtholampilo ngungoti oqeqeshiwe. Imithamo ayinikezwa kaningi.

Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kungena engozini yokwanda kokutheleleka ngaphezu kweminye imiphumela emibi.

I-Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) iwukuphela kwemithi evunyelwe yi-FDA kubantu abane-MS ehamba phambili eyinhloko (PPMS). Kuvunyelwe futhi ukwelapha i-RRMS.

I-Lemtrada (alemtuzumab)

• Inzuzo: icindezela amaseli omzimba alimaza i-myelin
• Imvamisa yedosi: nsuku zonke izinsuku ezinhlanu; unyaka owodwa kamuva, nsuku zonke izinsuku ezintathu
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqubuka, ukulunywa
• Izexwayiso zifaka: kungadala umdlavuza kanye ne-idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (IPT), isifo esopha

I-Mitoxantrone hydrochloride

Lo muthi utholakala kuphela njengomuthi ojwayelekile.

• Inzuzo: isebenza njenge-modulator system kanye ne-suppressor
• Imvamisa yedosi: kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu (umkhawulo wokuphila we-8 kuya ku-12 infusions ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu)
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: ukulahleka kwezinwele, isicanucanu, i-amenorrhea
• Izexwayiso zifaka: kungadala ukulimala kwenhliziyo ne-leukemia; ifanele kuphela abantu abanezimo ezinzima ze-RRMS, ngenxa yengozi enkulu yemiphumela emibi kakhulu

I-Ocrevus (ocrelizumab)

• Inzuzo: ikhomba amaseli we-B, angama-WBC alimaza izinzwa
• Imvamisa yedosi: amasonto amabili ahlukene ngemithamo yokuqala emibili; njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngayo yonke imithamo yakamuva
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukutheleleka
• Izexwayiso zifaka: kungadala umdlavuza futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukusabela kokumnika okusongela impilo

I-Tysabri (natalizumab)

• Inzuzo: kuvimbela ama-molecule wokunamathela, aphazamisa amasosha omzimba
• Imvamisa yedosi: njalo emavikini amane
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: ikhanda, ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukukhathala, ukudangala, ukungakhululeki esiswini
• Izexwayiso zifaka: kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuqhubeka kwe-leukoencephalopathy (PML) eqhubekayo, okutheleleka ngobuchopho okungabulala

Imithi yomlomo

Uma ungakhululekile ngezinaliti, kunezinketho zomlomo zokwelapha i-MS. Kuthathwa nsuku zonke noma kabili ngosuku, imishanguzo yomlomo iyona elula ukuzenzela yona kepha idinga ukuthi ugcine isheduli yokulinganisa.

I-Aubagio (teriflunomide)

• Inzuzo: isebenza njenge-modulator ye-immune system, ivimbela ukonakala kwemizwa
• Imvamisa yedosi: nsuku zonke
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: ikhanda, izinguquko zesibindi (njengesibindi esandisiwe noma ama-enzyme aphakeme esibindi), isicanucanu, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukunciphisa ukubalwa kwe-WBC
• Izexwayiso zifaka: kungadala ukulimala kanzima kwesibindi kanye nezinkinga zokuzalwa

I-Gilenya (fingolimod)

• Inzuzo: kuvimbela amaseli we-T ekushiyeni ama-lymph node
• Imvamisa yedosi: nsuku zonke
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ama-enzyme wesibindi aphakeme
• Izexwayiso zifaka: kungadala ushintsho kumfutho wegazi, ukusebenza kwesibindi, nokusebenza kwenhliziyo

I-Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate)

• Inzuzo: inezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ivikela izinzwa ne-myelin ekulimaleni
• Imvamisa yedosi: kabili ngosuku
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ingafaka: izinguquko emathunjini, kwehliswe isibalo se-WBC, ama-enzyme aphezulu wesibindi
• Izexwayiso zifaka: kungadala ukusabela okweqile komzimba, kufaka phakathi i-anaphylaxis

Ukuthatha

Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-MS ukuphatha izimpawu, ukulawula ukubuyela emuva, nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesikhathi eside kwalesi sifo.

Ukwelashwa ngomjovo kwe-MS kuza ngezindlela ezimbili: imijovo yokuzilimaza kanye ne-infusions emithanjeni. Iningi lokujova akudingeki ukuthi liphuzwe kaningi njengemithi yokwelashwa, ethathwa nsuku zonke.

Zonke izindlela zokwelashwa ze-MS zinezinzuzo, imiphumela engemihle, nezingozi. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uthathe imishanguzo yakho njengoba kunqunyiwe, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphi.

Uma imiphumela emibi yanele ukudala ukuthi ufune ukweqa imishanguzo, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukhethe inketho enhle kakhulu kuwe.