Kuyini i-Pancytopenia, izimpawu nezimbangela eziyinhloko

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ze-pancytopenia
• Kunjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Pancytopenia ifana nokwehla kwawo wonke amangqamuzana egazi, okungukuthi, ukwehla kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi, ama-leukocyte nama-platelets, okudala izimpawu nezimpawu ezifana ne-pallor, ukukhathala, ukulimaza, ukopha, umkhuhlane nokuthambekela kwezifo.

Ingavela noma ngenxa yokwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamaseli ngomnkantsha, ngenxa yezimo ezinjengokushoda kwamavithamini, izifo zofuzo, i-leukemia noma i-leishmaniasis, kanye nokubhujiswa kwamaseli egazi egazini, ngenxa yokuzivikela komzimba noma izifo zesenzo ezikhuthazayo. zobende, isibonelo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-pancytopenia kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngemikhombandlela kadokotela ojwayelekile noma we-hematologist ngokusho kwembangela ye-pancytopenia, engafaka ukusetshenziswa kwama-corticosteroids, ama-immunosuppressants, ama-antibiotic, ukumpontshelwa igazi, noma ukukhishwa kobende, isibonelo, zikhonjiswa kuphela ngokuya ngezidingo zesiguli ngasinye.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-pancytopenia zihlobene nokwehliswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ama-leukocyte nama-platelets egazini, okuyinhloko:

Ngokuya ngecala, kungahle kube khona izimpawu nezimpawu ezibangelwa yisifo esidala i-pancytopenia, njengesisu esandisiwe ngenxa yesipele esandisiwe, ama-lymph node akhulisiwe, ukungasebenzi kahle emathanjeni noma izinguquko esikhunjeni, isibonelo.

Izimbangela ze-pancytopenia

I-Pancytopenia ingenzeka ngenxa yezimo ezimbili: lapho umnkantsha ungakhiqizi kahle amaseli egazi noma lapho umnkantsha ukhiqiza kahle kepha amaseli abhujiswa egazini. Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-pancytopenia yilezi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinobuthi, njengemithi elwa namagciwane, i-chemotherapy, i-antidepressants, i-anticonvulsants kanye ne-sedatives;
• Imiphumela yamandla emisebe noma amakhemikhali, njenge-benzene noma i-DDT, isibonelo;
• Ukushoda kukavithamini B12 noma i-folic acid ekudleni;
• Izifo zofuzo, njenge-Fanconi's anemia, i-congenital dyskeratosis noma isifo se-Gaucher;
• Izinkinga zomnkantsha wamathambo, njenge-myelodysplastic syndrome, i-myelofibrosis noma i-paroxysmal hemoglobinuria yasebusuku;
• Izifo ezizimele, njenge-lupus, i-Sjögren's syndrome noma i-autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome;
• Izifo ezithathelwanayo, njenge-leishmaniasis, i-brucellosis, isifo sofuba noma i-HIV;
• Umdlavuza, njenge-leukemia, i-myeloma eminingi, i-myelofibrosis noma i-metastasis yezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza kumnkantsha wethambo.
• Izifo ezikhuthaza isenzo sobende namaseli omzimba okuvikela ukuqeda amangqamuzana egazi, njengesibindi sokuqina kwesibindi, izifo ze-myeloproliferative kanye ne-hemophagocytic syndromes.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane, njenge-cytomegalovirus (CMV), zingadala ukusabela okuqinile komzimba emzimbeni, okwazi ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi ngendlela ebukhali phakathi nesikhathi sokutheleleka.

Kunjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pancytopenia kwenziwa ngesibalo segazi esiphelele, lapho kuhlolwa khona amazinga amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ama-leukocyte namaplatelet ancishisiwe egazini. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukuthola imbangela eholele ku-pancytopenia, okufanele yenziwe ngokuhlola udokotela ojwayelekile noma i-hematologist ngokubheka umlando womtholampilo kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba okwenziwe esigulini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye ukuhlolwa kunganconywa ukukhomba imbangela ye-pancytopenia, efana nale:

• I-serum iron, i-ferritin, i-transferrin saturation nokubala kwe-reticulocyte;
• Isilinganiso sevithamini B12 ne-folic acid;
• Ucwaningo lokutheleleka;
• Iphrofayili yokuvala igazi;
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba, njengamaCoombs aqondile;
• I-Myelogram, lapho umnkantsha ufisa ukuthola imininingwane eminingi mayelana nezici zamaseli akule ndawo. Bheka ukuthi i-myelogram yenziwa kanjani nokuthi ikhonjiswa nini;
• I-bone marrow biopsy, ehlola izici zamaseli, ukutholakala kokungena komdlavuza noma ezinye izifo ne-fibrosis. Thola ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani umongo wethambo nokuthi wenzelwa ini.

Ukuhlolwa okuqondile kungabuye ku-tshelwe isifo okusolwa kuso udokotela, njenge-immunoelectrophoresis ye-myeloma eminingi noma isiko lomnkantsha ukukhomba izifo, njenge-leishmaniasis, isibonelo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-pancytopenia kuqondiswa yi-hematologist ngokusho kwembangela yayo, futhi kungafaka ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezisebenza ekuzivikelweni komzimba, njengeMethylprednisolone noma iPrednisone, noma ama-immunosuppressants, njengeCyclosporine, esimweni sezifo ezizimele noma ezivuthayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-pancytopenia ingenxa yomdlavuza, ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo.

Endabeni yokutheleleka, ukwelashwa okukhonjisiwe kwe-microorganism ngayinye, njenge-antibiotic, antivirals noma i-pentavalent antimonials uma kwenzeka i-leishmaniasis, ngokwesibonelo. Ukumpontshelwa igazi akuboniswa ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha kungadingeka ezimweni ezinzima ezidinga ukululama ngokushesha, kuya ngesizathu.