Iyini iParaparesis futhi iphathwa kanjani?

-Delile

• Yini i-paraparesis?
• Ziyini izimpawu eziyinhloko?
• Ifa le-spastic paraparesis (HSP)
• I-tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP)
• Yini ebangela i-paraparesis?
• Izimbangela ze-HSP
• Izimbangela ze-TSP
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Ukuhlonza i-HSP
• Ukuhlonza i-TSP
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?
• Yini ongayilindela
• Nge-HSP
• Nge-TSP

Yini i-paraparesis?

I-Paraparesis yenzeka lapho ngokwengxenye ungakwazi ukuhambisa imilenze yakho. Isimo singabhekisa nasekuthakaleni okhalweni nasemilenzeni. I-Paraparesis yehlukile kwi-paraplegia, ebhekisa ekuhlulekeni ngokuphelele ukuhambisa imilenze yakho.

Lokhu kulahlekelwa okuncane komsebenzi kungabangelwa:

• ukulimala
• ukuphazamiseka kofuzo
• ukutheleleka ngegciwane
• ukushoda kukavithamini B-12

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, ukuthi kungaveza kanjani, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa nokuningi.

Ziyini izimpawu eziyinhloko?

Imiphumela yeParaparesis ivela ekuwohlokeni noma ekulimaleni ezindleleni zakho zezinzwa. Lo mbhalo uzokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili ze-paraparesis - izakhi zofuzo nezithathelanayo.

Ifa le-spastic paraparesis (HSP)

I-HSP iyiqembu lezinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa ezibangela ubuthakathaka nokuqina - noma ukuqina kwemilenze eba yimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Leli qembu lezifo laziwa nangokuthi umndeni spastic paraplegia kanye neStrumpell-Lorrain syndrome. Lolu hlobo lofuzo lutholwa ngoyedwa noma bobabili abazali bakho.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abayi-10 000 kuya ku-20 000 e-United States bane-HSP. Izimpawu zingaqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa kubantu abaningi baqala ukubonwa phakathi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-10 nengama-40.

Amafomu we-HSP abekwa ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene: okumsulwa nokuyinkimbinkimbi.

I-HSP emsulwa: I-HSP emsulwa inezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukwehla kancane kancane nokuqina kwemilenze
• ukulinganisela ubunzima
• amajaqamba emilenzeni
• imengamo yezinyawo eziphakeme
• shintsha ukuzwa ezinyaweni
• izinkinga zomchamo, kufaka phakathi ukuphuthuma nobuningi
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile

I-HSP eyinkimbinkimbi: Cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 abantu abane-HSP bane-HSP eyinkimbinkimbi. Kuleli fomu, izimpawu zifaka lezo ze-HSP emsulwa kanye nezinye zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuntuleka kokulawulwa kwemisipha
• isithuthwane
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ukuwohloka komqondo
• izinkinga zokubona noma zokuzwa
• ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba
• i-peripheral neuropathy, engadala ubuthakathaka, ukuba ndikindiki, nobuhlungu, imvamisa ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• ichthyosis, okuholela esikhunjeni esomile, esijiyile, nesikhuphukayo

I-tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP)

I-TSP yisifo sesistimu yezinzwa esibangela ubuthakathaka, ukuqina, kanye nemisipha yemilenze. Kubangelwa uhlobo lwegciwane lomuntu i-T-cell lymphotrophic hlobo 1 (HTLV-1). I-TSP yaziwa nangokuthi i-myelopathy ehlobene ne-HTLV-1 (HAM).

Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abasezindaweni eziseduze nenkabazwe, njenge:

• eCaribbean
• i-equatorial Africa
• eningizimu yeJapane
• i-South America

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi emhlabeni wonke kuthwala igciwane le-HTLV-1. Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-3 wabo azoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa i-TSP. I-TSP ithinta abesifazane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Isilinganiso seminyaka engama-40 kuye kwengama-50.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• ukwehla kancane kancane nokuqina kwemilenze
• Ubuhlungu beqolo obungahle buhlehlise imilenze
• i-paresthesia, noma imizwa evuthayo noma ehlabayo
• izinkinga zomchamo noma zamathumbu
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile
• izimo zesikhumba ezivuthayo, njenge-dermatitis noma i-psoriasis

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-TSP ingadala:

• ukuvuvukala kweso
• isifo samathambo
• ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• ukuvuvukala kwemisipha
• iso eliphikelelayo elomile

Yini ebangela i-paraparesis?

Izimbangela ze-HSP

I-HSP yisifo sofuzo, okusho ukuthi sidluliselwe sisuka kubazali siye ezinganeni. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 zezakhi zofuzo nama-subtypes we-HSP. Izakhi zofuzo zingadluliswa ngezindlela ezingamafa eziphambili, eziguquguqukayo, noma ezixhunywe ku-X.

Akuzona zonke izingane emndenini ezizoba nezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, bangaba ngabathwali bohlobo olungajwayelekile.

Cishe amaphesenti angama-30 abantu abane-HSP abanawo umlando womndeni walesi sifo. Kulezi zimo, lesi sifo siqala ngokungahleliwe njengoshintsho olusha lofuzo olungazange lutholwe njengelifa kunoma yimuphi umzali.

Izimbangela ze-TSP

I-TSP idalwa yi-HTLV-1. Leli gciwane lingadluliselwa lisuke komunye umuntu liye komunye ngokusebenzisa:

• ukuncelisa ibele
• ukwabelana ngezinaliti ezinegciwane ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezidakamizwa emithanjeni
• ezocansi
• ukumpontshelwa igazi

Awukwazi ukusabalalisa i-HTLV-1 ngokuxhumana okungajwayelekile, njengokuxhawulana, ukwangana, noma ukwabelana ngendlu yangasese.

Bangaphansi kwamaphesenti amathathu abantu abathole igciwane le-HTLV-1 abathuthukisa i-TSP.

Kutholakala kanjani?

Ukuhlonza i-HSP

Ukuthola i-HSP, udokotela wakho uzokuhlola, acele umlando womndeni wakho, futhi akhiphe ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho.

Udokotela wakho angalawula izivivinyo zokuxilonga, kufaka phakathi:

• i-electromyography (EMG)
• izifundo zokuqhuba izinzwa
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI kobuchopho bakho nomgogodla
• umsebenzi wegazi

Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo izosiza udokotela wakho ahlukanise phakathi kwe-HSP nezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kwezinye izinhlobo ze-HSP kuyatholakala.

Ukuhlonza i-TSP

I-TSP ivame ukutholakala isuselwa kwizimpawu zakho kanye nethuba lokuthi uvezwe ku-HTLV-1. Udokotela wakho angakubuza ngomlando wakho wezocansi nokuthi ngabe uke wazijova yini izidakamizwa phambilini.

Bangabuye ba-oda i-MRI yomgogodla wakho noma umpompi womgogodla ukuqoqa isampula le-cerebrospinal fluid. Uketshezi lomgogodla negazi lakho kuzohlolwa kokubili igciwane noma amasosha omzimba aleligciwane.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?

Ukwelashwa kwe-HSP ne-TSP kugxile ekunciphiseni izimpawu ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi okusiza.

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungakusiza ugcine futhi uthuthukise amandla akho emisipha nobubanzi bokunyakaza. Kungakusiza futhi ukuthi ugweme izilonda zengcindezi. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ungasebenzisa isibopho sonyawo lwamaqakala, umoba, isihambi, noma isihlalo sabakhubazekile ukukusiza uzungeze.

Imithi ingasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu, ukuqina kwemisipha, nokuqina. Imithi ingasiza futhi ekulawuleni izinkinga zomchamo nezifo zesinye.

ICorticosteroids, njenge-prednisone (iRayos), inganciphisa ukuvuvukala komgogodla ku-TSP. Ngeke zishintshe imiphumela yesifo yesikhathi eside, kepha zingakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu.

ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye ne-interferon yenzelwa i-TSP, kodwa izidakamizwa azisetshenziswa njalo.

Yini ongayilindela

Umbono wakho ngamunye uzohluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-paraparesis onayo nobukhulu bayo. Udokotela wakho ungumthombo wakho omuhle kakhulu wolwazi mayelana nalesi simo kanye nomthelela ongaba nawo ekhwalithi yakho yokuphila.

Nge-HSP

Abanye abantu abane-HSP bangathola izimpawu ezincane, kanti abanye bangakhula nokukhubazeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iningi labantu abane-HSP emsulwa banesilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuphila.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-HSP zifaka:

• ukuqina kwethole
• izinyawo ezibandayo
• ukukhathala
• ubuhlungu emuva nasemadolweni
• ukucindezeleka nokudangala

Nge-TSP

I-TSP yisimo esingelapheki esivame ukuba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukuthi kusongele impilo. Iningi labantu lihlala amashumi eminyaka ambalwa ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Ukuvimbela izifo ezithwala umchamo nezilonda zesikhumba kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ubude nekhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Inkinga enkulu yokutheleleka nge-HTLV-1 ukukhula kwe-T-cell leukemia yabantu abadala noma i-lymphoma. Yize abantu abangaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-5 abantu abanesifo segciwane bekhulisa i-T-cell leukemia yabantu abadala, kufanele wazi ukuthi kungenzeka. Qiniseka ukuthi udokotela wakho uyayihlola.