Ukufa Okumnyama: kuyini, izimpawu, ukwelashwa nokudluliswa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• 1. Isifo seBubonic noma isifo esiMnyama
• 2. Isifo somkhuhlane
• 3. Isifo semiphunga
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Ukudluliselwa kwesifo se-bubonic
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukubamba iSishayo
• Yelashwa kanjani

Isifo esimnyama, esaziwa nangokuthi isifo se-bubonic noma i-Plague elula, yisifo esibi futhi esivame ukubulala esibangelwa amagciwaneYersinia pestis, odluliselwa ngamazeze asuka ezilwaneni ezinamagundane aye kubantu.

Lesi sifo siqubuke kakhulu eNkathini Ephakathi, sabangela ukufa kwabantu abacishe babe ngu-30% baseYurophu, kodwa-ke, kulezi zinsuku akuvamile, kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara naseziqhingini zaseMadagascar , isibonelo. isibonelo. EBrazil, amacala okugcina abikwa ayengemva konyaka ka-2000, ngamacala amathathu kuphela ezweni lonke, eBahia, eCeará naseRio de Janeiro.

Uma kukhona okusolwayo ngohlupho olumnyama kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu, njengoba kubantu abangalashwa emahoreni angama-48 amathuba okwelashwa aphansi kakhulu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zesifo, ezihlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo sasidluliswa kanjani nokuthi izimpawu zethulwe kanjani:

1. Isifo seBubonic noma isifo esiMnyama

Luhlobo lwesifo olwaziwa kakhulu oludala izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Imfiva engaphezu kuka-38º C;
• Ukugodola njalo;
• Ikhanda elibi kakhulu;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Ulimi (ama-lymph node) luvuvukele kakhulu futhi lubuhlungu, olubizwa kakhulu ngokuthi yi-bubo.

I-ganglia ivame ukuvuvukala eduze kokulunywa yizintakumba, kepha uma kungaqalwa ukwelashwa, ukutheleleka kungasakazeka ngohlelo lwe-lymphatic, luthinte umzimba wonke.

2. Isifo somkhuhlane

Isifo se-Septicemic senzeka lapho ibhaktheriya yeSifo sanda egazini, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokukhathala ngokweqile, umkhuhlane nokugodola, kujwayelekile nangezinye izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu besisu obukhulu namabala ansomi esikhumbeni, okubangelwa ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba isikhumba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindawo zesikhumba zingashintsha zibe mnyama ngenxa yokushona kwezicubu, okuvame kakhulu emakhaleni, eminweni nasezinzwaneni.

3. Isifo semiphunga

Lolu hlobo lwesifo luhambisana nokuthuthuka kwe-pneumonia, ngakho-ke, ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Kunzima ukuphefumula;
• Ukuzwa ukuphefumula okuncane;
• Ubuhlungu besifuba;
• Ukukhwehlela okungahle kube negazi.

Isifo se-pneumonic singavela ekuhogelweni kwezinhlayiya ezingcoliswe indle yamagundane, kepha futhi kuyinkinga ejwayelekile yezinye izinhlobo zesifo, ikakhulukazi isifo septicemic, lapho ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngesikhathi. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-3.

Yize kunqabile kakhulu, lolu hlobo lwesifo luyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba lungasakazeka ngokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula phakathi kwabantu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivaliwe nangomoya omncane owenziwe noma owehlisiwe. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanalolu hlobo lwesifo kufanele bagcinwe bodwa.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Imvamisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo sohlupho kusolwa ngemininingwane enikezwe ngumuntu ehlobene nomkhuba wakhe wokuphila, ngokwesibonelo, uma ngabe ubesezindaweni ezinezifo zalesi sifo, ngaphezu kokuba khona kwezimpawu noma izimpawu ezibonisa lesi sifo, njenge ukuvuvukala kwamanzi, umkhuhlane nokukhathala ngokweqile.

Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kungenziwa ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela, igazi kanye / noma uketshezi, kanye ne-biopsy yengcezu yezicubu ethathwe olimini, ngokwesibonelo, ukuze kutholakale ubukhona begciwane. Yersinia pestis, eqinisekisa lesi sifo.

Ukudluliselwa kwesifo se-bubonic

Ukudluliswa kwesifo esimnyama kwenziwa ezimweni eziningi ngamagundane, ikakhulukazi amagundane, kepha imvamisa lesi sifo sifinyelela kubantu ngamazeze. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngemuva kokubangela ukuthi kufe igundane, imaze livame ukufudukela kweminye imizimba ukuze liqhubeke nokudla igazi. Ngalesi sizathu, lesi sifo singavela nakwezinye izilwane ezilumiwe, njengamakati noma izinja.

Yize kunqabile kakhulu, lesi sifo singadlulela komunye umuntu, kepha lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ezimweni zesifo se-pneumonic, lapho amabhaktheriya angadluliselwa ngamaconsi akhishwa lapho ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Enye indlela yokudlulisa ukuxhumana ukuxhumana negazi noma uketshezi lwabanye abantu noma izilwane ezithelelekile.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukubamba iSishayo

Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela isifo se-bubonic ukulawula inani lamagundane. Ukwenza lokhu, ekhaya, kungcono ukugwema ukuqoqwa kukadoti, ikakhulukazi amakhadibhodi nomagazini abadala, isibonelo, ngoba amagundane asebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezinto ukwakha isidleke sawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye inqubo yokuvikela izifo ukwedlulisa imikhiqizo yezingwazi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi uma lezi zilwane ziphumela emgwaqweni.

Uma kuba nokuqubuka kwesifo, kufanele kuxoshwe nesikhumba esikhunjeni ukuvimbela izinambuzane namazeze okungenzeka ukuthi athelelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu noma izimpawu zesifo esibuhlungu kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo kufanele kwenziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic akhonjiswe ngudokotela. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale esibhedlela egumbini lokuzihlukanisa, ukugwema ukudlulisela lesi sifo kwabanye abantu.

Okufanelekile, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha nje lapho kuqala izimpawu zokuqala njengoba kunengozi yesifo esiholela ekufeni ngaphansi kwamahora angama-24, okuyingozi enkulu kakhulu emahoreni ayi-15 okuqala ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona ukusola kwalesi sifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya ngokushesha esibhedlela ukuyoqinisekisa ukuxilongwa bese uqala ukusebenzisa i-antibiotic. Qonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesifo esimnyama kwenziwa kanjani.