Ayini Ama-Peyer's Patches?

-Delile

• Incazelo
• Zikuphi?
• Uyini umsebenzi wabo?
• Impendulo ekuthelelekeni
• Ukubekezelelana kwamagciwane omlomo
• Izimo ezibandakanya amabala kaPeyer
• Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane
• Isifo sikaCrohn nesifo sezilonda emathunjini
• Izifo ze-Prion
• Okubalulekile

Incazelo

Ama-Peyer's patches angamaqoqo ezinhlayiya ze-lymphoid kulwelwesi lwamafinyila olwela amathumbu akho amancane. Ama-follicles e-lymphoid yizitho ezincane ohlelweni lwakho lwe-lymphatic ezifana ne-lymph node.

Uhlelo lwakho lwe-lymphatic lwakhiwa izicubu nezitho ezinamaseli amhlophe egazi, asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka. Ubende, umongo wethambo, nama-lymph node konke kuyingxenye yohlelo lwakho lwe-lymphatic.

Ama-Peyer's patches adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqapheleni amasosha omzimba ngaphakathi kohlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla. Ukuqapha amasosha omzimba kusho inqubo amasosha akho omzimba abona ngayo futhi abhubhise amagciwane angaba khona.

Zikuphi?

Ama-Peyer's patches atholakala emathunjini akho amancane, imvamisa endaweni ye-ileum. I-ileum yingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu akho amancane. Ngaphezu kokuqhubeka nokugaya ukudla okudlayo, i-ileum ibuye imunce amanzi nezakhamzimba ekudleni.

Iningi labantu linamapheshi aphakathi kuka-30 no-40 kaPeyer, futhi abantu abasha bavame ukuba nabantu abangaphezu kwabantu abadala. kholwa ukuthi inani lamachashazi kaPeyer kuma-ileum wakho aphakeme kuma-20s akho.

Ubukhulu, ukwakheka, nokusatshalaliswa kukonke kwamapheshi kaPeyer kuyehluka kuye ngomuntu.

Uyini umsebenzi wabo?

Amaqweqwe kaPeyer anemisebenzi emibili ebalulekile ehlobene namasosha akho omzimba nokuthi asabela kanjani ezifweni ezingaba khona.

Impendulo ekuthelelekeni

Ama-Peyer's patches aqukethe amaseli ahlukahlukene omzimba, kufaka phakathi ama-macrophage, amaseli we-dendritic, ama-T cell, nama-B cell. Kukhona namaseli akhethekile, abizwa ngokuthi ama-M cells, eduze kwezimagqabhagqabha zakho zePeyer. Lawa maseli M ondla ama-antigen kuma-macrophage namaseli e-dendritic ezindawo zakho ze-Peyer. I-antigen yinto, njengegciwane, engahle iveze impendulo kumasosha akho omzimba.

Ama-macrophage namaseli we-dendritic akhombisa lawa ma-antigen kumaseli wakho we-T namaseli we-B, anquma ukuthi i-antigen idinga impendulo yomzimba noma cha. Uma bebona i-antigen njenge-pathogen eyingozi, amaseli we-T namaseli we-B ezikhungwini zakho zePeyer akhomba ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba awuhlasele.

Kwesinye isikhathi, amabhaktheriya namagciwane angayigqekeza le ndlela futhi ayisebenzisele ukungena kuwo wonke umzimba wakho emathunjini akho amancane.

Ukubekezelelana kwamagciwane omlomo

Konke okudlayo kugcina sekuya emathunjini akho amancane. Umzimba wakho awukuqapheli ukudla njengezinto zakwamanye amazwe ngenxa yento ebizwa ngokuthi ukubekezelelana ngomlomo ngomlomo. Lokhu kubhekisela ekuvinjelweni kwezimpendulo zomzimba kuma-antigen athile. Ama-Peyer's patches wakho avame ukusampula impahla ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho amancane, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi adlale indima ekunqumeni ukuthi iziphi izinto ezidinga impendulo yomzimba.

Akekho onesiqiniseko ngendima eqondile yamapheshi kaPeyer kule nqubo. Kucatshangelwe ucwaningo olufanele olubandakanya amagundane. Amagundane anokuncishiswa kokuthuthuka kwama-Peyer’s patch abe nesikhathi esinzima sokubekezelela amaprotheni njengabantu abadala, kodwa hhayi amanye amakhompiyutha.Kodwa-ke, ukubuyekezwa okufanayo kuphawulile nokuthi ezinye izifundo ziphethe ngokuthi ukungabi namachashazi kaPeyer kubonakala kungathinti ukubekezelelana komlomo ngomlomo.

Ama-Peyer's patches kungenzeka adlale uhlobo oluthile lweqhaza ekwakheni ukubekezelelana ngomlomo ngomlomo, kepha abacwaningi basathola imininingwane.

Izimo ezibandakanya amabala kaPeyer

Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane zingangena emzimbeni wakho ngokukhomba ama-M cell nama-Peyer's patches. Isibonelo, i-2010 iphawule lokho IListeria monocytogenes, okubanga i-listeria, ihlangana nama-M cell nama-Peyer's patches. I- L. monocytogenes amabhaktheriya anga:

• hamba kahle ngamaseli e-M futhi ushukumise ngokushesha ungene ezingxenyeni zamagundane zikaPeyer
• phindaphinda ngaphakathi kwezingqimba zikaPeyer
• hamba masinyane kusuka ezingxenyeni zikaPeyer kuya kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi

Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane ezaziwa ngokwenza lokhu zifaka phakathi i-enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, okubangela E. coli izifo, futhi I-Salmonella typhimurium, okungadala ubuthi ekudleni.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane

Ama-virus angasebenzisa futhi ama-M cell ukufaka ama-Peyer's patches akho bese eqala ukuziphindaphinda. Isibonelo, ngibonile ukuthi i-poliovirus, ebangela uvendle, incamela ukuziphindaphinda ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho amancane.

Amanye amagciwane aziwa ngokwenza lokhu afaka i-HIV-1, edala uhlobo olutholakala kakhulu lwe-HIV.

Isifo sikaCrohn nesifo sezilonda emathunjini

Isifo sikaCrohn kanye nesilonda esilimaza ulcerative yizinhlobo ezimbili zesifo samathumbu esivuthayo. Isifo sikaCrohn ngokuvamile sifaka ukuvuvukala kwe-ileum yakho, kuyilapho i-ulcerative colitis imane ihilele ikholoni yakho.

Abantu abanezinye noma abavame ukuba nezilonda noma ezizungeze amabala abo kaPeyer, bephakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka badlale indima ekuthuthukisweni kwalezi zimo.

Izifo ze-Prion

Ama-Prion yizifo ezingashintsha isimo noma ukwakheka kwamaprotheni, ikakhulukazi lawo asebuchosheni. Izimo ezibandakanya ama-prion zaziwa njengezifo ze-prion. Isibonelo esivamile yisifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob, okungenzeka ukuthi sibangelwa i-prion efanayo ebhekene nesifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo ezinkomeni.

Ezimweni eziningi, ama-prion afakwa ngokudla, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile angena emathunjini akho amancane ngaphambi kokuthola ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, njengobuchopho bakho. Abanye bathole inani elikhulu lama-prion eziqeshini zePeyer zezinhlobo zezilwane eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagundane anezigaxa ezimbalwa zePeyer abonakala ezifo ze-prion.

Okubalulekile

Ama-Peyer's patches yizindawo ezincane emathunjini akho amancane, ikakhulukazi ingxenye engezansi. Kanye namaseli e-M, adlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni ama-pathogen endaweni yakho yokugaya ukudla. Kodwa-ke, iziqeshana zikaPeyer nazo zingadlala indima ekwakhiweni kwezimo eziningana, kufaka phakathi izifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo, yize le ndima ingakaqondakali kahle okwamanje.