Ukungcoliswa komoya: kuyini, imiphumela nokuthi kuncipha kanjani

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zokungcola
• Ukungcola komoya okuyinhloko kanye nemiphumela yezempilo
• 1. Ikhabhoni monoxide
• 2. Isulfure dioxide
• 3. I-nitrogen dioxide
• 4. impahla Particulate
• 5. Hola
• 6. Ozone
• Ungakunciphisa kanjani ukungcoliswa komoya

Ukungcoliswa komoya, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukungcoliswa komoya, kubonakala ngokutholakala kokungcola emkhathini ngesamba nangesikhathi okuyingozi kubantu, ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni.

Lezi zingcolisi zingabangelwa yimithombo ye-anthropogenic, efana nemisebenzi yezimboni, ukuphuma kwezimoto nokushiswa kukadoti endaweni evulekile, ngokwesibonelo, noma emithonjeni yemvelo, njengemililo, izivunguvungu zesihlabathi noma ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.

Zonke lezi zinto ezingcolisayo ziyingozi empilweni futhi zingadala izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, amehlo nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukuwohloka kwezifo zokuphefumula, noma kuze kwandise nengozi yokuba nomdlavuza.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwamukela izindlela zokuvimbela nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya, njengokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukusebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi, ukuvimbela imililo nokwandisa izindawo eziluhlaza, isibonelo.

Izinhlobo zokungcola

Izinto ezingcolisa umoya zingahlukaniswa zibe ukungcola okuyinhloko nokwesibili. Ukungcola okuyinhloko yilokho okukhishwa ngqo yimithombo yokungcola, kanti ukungcoliswa kwesibili yilokho okwakhiwa emkhathini ngokuphendula kwamakhemikhali phakathi kokungcola okuyinhloko nezinto zemvelo zomkhathi.

Ngokulandelayo, ukungcola okuyinhloko kungahlukaniswa njengemvelo noma i-anthropogenic:

Wena ukungcola kwemvelo okuvela emithonjeni yemvelo efana nomlotha kanye namagesi avela ekukhishweni kwentaba-mlilo, isihlabathi nothuli izivunguvungu, ukubola kwezilwane nezitshalo, izinhlayiya nomusi ovela emlilweni wehlathi, uthuli lwe-cosmic, ukuhwamuka kwemvelo, amagesi avela ekubola kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nomoya wasolwandle ovela ezilwandle nezilwandle.

Wena ukungcola kwe-anthropogenic yilezo ezibangelwa isenzo sabantu, njengoba kunjalo ngemithombo yezimboni ezingcolisayo, izimoto ezisebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, ezishisa imfucumfucu ezindaweni ezivulekile nezishisa imfucumfucu, zisebenzisa imikhiqizo eshintshashintshayo, ezishisa uphethiloli ezimbonini nasethermelectric nokukhishwa kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali.

Zazi izingozi ezinkulu zokuhogela intuthu yomlilo.

Ukungcola komoya okuyinhloko kanye nemiphumela yezempilo

Izinto ezingcolisa umoya omkhulu ongaphandle nemiphumela yazo empilweni nakwezemvelo yilezi:

1. Ikhabhoni monoxide

ICarbon monoxide iyigesi evuthayo futhi enobuthi, okuholela ekubhemeni kakhulu kogwayi nasekushiseni okungapheleli kwamafutha, njengalawo akhishwa yizimoto.

Imiphumela: lokhu kungcolisa kunciphisa amandla egazi okuhambisa umoya-mpilo kumaseli nakwizicubu, okungaphazamisa ukusebenza kokuqonda nokucabanga, kubambezele ukucabanga, kubangele ikhanda, ukozela, isiyezi kanye nesicanucanu, isifo senhliziyo, ubuhlungu, ukulimala kokukhula kwezingane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye ezinganeni ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaqhubekisela phambili izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis engapheli, i-emphysema ne-anemia. Emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu kubanga ukuwa, ikhoma, ukulimala kwengqondo nokufa.

2. Isulfure dioxide

Leli yigesi elicasulayo eliholela ekushiseni okukhulu kwamalahle nowoyela osindayo ezitshalweni zikagesi, izimboni kanye nokusha kukadizili yizimoto. Emkhathini ingaguqulwa ibe yi-sulfuric acid.

Imiphumela: I-Sulphur dioxide ingadala izinkinga zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-asthma ne-bronchitis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunciphisa ukubonakala futhi, emoyeni, kungaguqukela ku-acid ye-sulfuric, ekugcineni kufake futhi kubangele ukulimala kwezihlahla, inhlabathi kanye nempilo yasemanzini ngemvula ene-asidi.

3. I-nitrogen dioxide

I-nitrogen dioxide igesi elicasulayo, elinobuthi kakhulu futhi elinamandla e-oxidizing, asemkhathini angaguqulwa abe yi-nitric acid nama-nitrate ephilayo. Lokhu kungcola kubangelwa ukushiswa kwamafutha ezimotweni nokufakwa kwe-thermoelectric nezimboni.

Imiphumela: I-nitrogen dioxide ingadala ukucasuka nokulimala kwamaphaphu, yenze i-asthma ibe yimbi futhi i-bronchitis engapheli, futhi yenyuse amathuba okutheleleka ngokuphefumula, okufana nemikhuhlane nomkhuhlane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubuye kube nomthelela ekunciphiseni ukubonakala nokufakwa kwe-nitric acid, okuvela ekuguqulweni kwayo kube semkhathini, kungalimaza izihlahla, inhlabathi nempilo yasemanzini emachibini.

4. impahla Particulate

Udaba lwe-Particulate isethi yezinhlayiya ezincane, ezikhanyayo namaconsi amiswe emoyeni, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane. Ukwakheka kwalezi zinhlayiya kuncike emthonjeni ongcolisa, njengokushisa kwamalahle ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi we-thermoelectric kanye nokufakwa kwezimboni, ukushisa uphethiloli odonsa izimoto, izitshalo zikasimende, imililo, imililo, imisebenzi yokwakha nama-aerosol, ngokwesibonelo.

Imiphumela: Lezi zinhlayiya zingadala ukucasuka kwekhala nomphimbo, ukulimala kwamaphaphu, i-bronchitis, i-bronchitis ne-asthma eba yimbi. Uma izinhlayiya ezinobuthi zenziwe ngomthofu, i-cadmium, i-polychlorinated biphenyls kanye / noma i-dioxin, zingadala ukuguquka, izinkinga zokuzala kanye nomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zalezi zinhlayiya futhi zinciphisa ukubonakala futhi zingadala ukulimala kwezihlahla, inhlabathi kanye nempilo yasemanzini.

5. Hola

Ukuhola kuyinsimbi enobuthi, okuvela ekupendweni kwezakhiwo ezindala, izinto zokuhluza izinsimbi, ukwenziwa komthofu, amabhethri nophethiloli onomthofu, ngokwesibonelo.

Imiphumela: Lokhu kungcola kuhlangana emzimbeni futhi kungadala ukulimala kohlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa, njengokukhubazeka kwengqondo, izinkinga zokugaya noma umdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomthelela omubi nasezilwaneni zasendle. Yazi ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zobuthi bomthofu.

6. Ozone

I-Ozone iyigesi esebenza kahle futhi ecasulayo, ebangelwa ukukhishwa kwezimoto nokufakwa kwezimboni. I-ozone ekhona ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zomkhathi ivikela emisebeni yelanga ye-ultraviolet, kodwa-ke, uma itholakala eduze nomhlabathi, iziphatha njengokungcola, okugxila kakhulu ngezikhathi zokushisa, imisebe ephezulu yelanga nemvelo eyomile.

Imiphumela: Njengezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya, i-ozone nayo ingadala izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ukucasuka kwamehlo, ikhala nomphimbo, kubhebhethekise izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifuba somoya, i-bronchitis, i-emphysema nesifo senhliziyo, kunciphise ukumelana nezifo zokuphefumula, futhi kusheshise nezicubu zamaphaphu ezigugayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubuye kube nomthelela ekubhujisweni kwezitshalo nezihlahla kanye nokunciphisa ukubonakala.

Ungakunciphisa kanjani ukungcoliswa komoya

Ukungcoliswa komoya kungancishiswa ngokwamukela izinyathelo ezinjengalezi:

• Ukubuyiselwa kwamafutha asezinsaweni ngamandla avuselelekayo;
• Khetha ukuhamba okusebenzayo nokusimeme, okufana nokuhamba ngebhayisikili, ukuhamba ngezithuthi kanye nezithuthi zomphakathi;
• Susa izimoto ezindala ekusakazeni;
• Ukwandiswa kwezindawo eziluhlaza ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni kanye nasezindaweni ezinamahlathi ahlazekile;
• Ukukhuthaza ukongiwa kwezindawo ezingamahlathi;
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane;
• Nciphisa imililo evulekile;
• Khuthaza izimboni ukuthi zisebenzise imishini efana ne-catalysts kanye nezihlungi ukugcina intuthu nokungcola.

Bheka futhi izitshalo zasendlini ezisiza ukuhlanza umoya nokuthuthukisa impilo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqapha kaningi ikhwalithi yomoya ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlelo zokwehlisa ukungcola kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kwayo ekulawuleni ikhwalithi yomoya. Ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yomoya kubalulekile kubenzi benqubomgomo ukwaziswa ngemithelela kanye nobungozi obungaba khona, okubavumela ukuthi bahlele izenzo nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi.