Ukuhlolwa kofuzo lomdlavuza webele: kwenziwa kanjani nokuthi kukhonjiswa nini

-Delile

• Kwenziwa kanjani
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Oncotype DX
• Ukwenza nini
• Imiphumela engenzeka

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo lomdlavuza webele kunenhloso enkulu yokuqinisekisa ubungozi bokuba nomdlavuza webele, ngaphezu kokuvumela udokotela ukuthi azi ukuthi yiluphi ushintsho oluhambisana nokuguqulwa komdlavuza.

Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa luvame ukukhonjiswa kubantu abanezihlobo eziseduze ezitholwe benomdlavuza webele ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50, umdlavuza we-ovari noma umdlavuza wesilisa wesilisa. Ukuhlolwa kuqukethe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthi, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuxilonga zamangqamuzana, kukhombe ushintsho olulodwa noma ngaphezulu oluhambisana nokuthambekela komdlavuza webele, izimpawu eziyinhloko zacelwa esivivinyweni ukuthi i-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ube nezivivinyo ezijwayelekile futhi wazi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo ukuze kutholwe ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi futhi, ngalokho, kuqala ukwelashwa. Funda ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza webele.

Kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo lomdlavuza webele kwenziwa ngokuhlaziya isampula legazi elincane, elithunyelwa elabhorethri liyohlaziywa. Ukwenza isivivinyo, akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile noma ukuzila ukudla okudingekayo, futhi akubangeli ubuhlungu, okwenzeka kakhulu ukungakhululeki okuncane ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kunenhloso enkulu yokuhlola izakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 kanye ne-BRCA2, okuyizakhi zofuzo ezicindezela i-tumor, okungukuthi, zivimbela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi ande. Kodwa-ke, lapho kukhona ukuguquka kunoma yiluphi lwalezi zofuzo, umsebenzi wokumisa noma wokubambezela ukukhula kwesimila uphazamisekile, ngokwanda kwamangqamuzana e-tumor futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula komdlavuza.

Uhlobo lwendlela kanye nokuguquka kwesimo okufanele kucwaningwe kuchazwa ngudokotela, nokusebenza kwe:

• Qedela ukulandelana, lapho kubonakala khona lonke ufuzo lomuntu, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhonjwe konke ukuguqulwa okunakho;
• Ukulandelana kohlobo, lapho kulandelwa kuphela izifunda ezithile ze-DNA, okukhomba ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okukhona kulezo zifunda;
• Usesho oluthile lokuguqula izakhi zofuzo, lapho udokotela akhomba khona ukuthi yikuphi ukuguquka kwezakhi afuna ukukwazi nokuhlolwa okuthile okwenziwayo ukukhomba ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu kubantu abanamalungu omndeni anoshintsho oluthile lofuzo oselukhonjelwe umdlavuza webele;
• Ukusesha okuhlukanisiwe kokufakwa nokususwa, lapho kuguqulwa khona izakhi zofuzo ezithile, le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu kulabo asebevele benza ukulandelana kodwa badinga ukuqiniswa.

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kofuzo uthunyelwa kudokotela futhi umbiko uqukethe indlela esetshenzisiwe yokutholwa, kanye nokuba khona kwezakhi zofuzo nokuguqulwa okukhonjiwe, uma kukhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuya ngenqubo esetshenzisiwe, kungaziswa embikweni ukuthi kungakanani ukuguqulwa noma isakhi sofuzo esivezwa, okungasiza udokotela ukuthi abheke ubungozi bokuba nomdlavuza webele.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Oncotype DX

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Oncotype DX nakho ukuhlolwa kofuzo komdlavuza webele, okwenziwa kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo zamabele, futhi kuhlose ukuhlola izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nomdlavuza webele ngokusebenzisa amasu okuxilonga amangqamuzana, njenge-RT-PCR. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela akhombise ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu, futhi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungagwenywa, ngokwesibonelo.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyakwazi ukubona umdlavuza webele ezigabeni zokuqala bese kubhekwa nobudlova nokuthi impendulo ekwelashweni ingaba kanjani. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwelashwa okubhekiswe kakhulu komdlavuza kwenziwa, ukugwema imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Oncotype DX kuyatholakala emitholampilo yangasese, kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwesincomo se-oncologist futhi umphumela ukhishwe ngokwesilinganiso, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20.

Ukwenza nini

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo lomdlavuza webele wukuhlolwa okukhonjiswe yi-oncologist, i-mastologist noma i-geneticist, okwenziwe kusukela ekuhlolweni kwesampula yegazi futhi kunconyelwe abantu abanamalungu omndeni atholakale enomdlavuza webele, owesifazane noma owesilisa, ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-50 noma i-ovarian umdlavuza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngalesi sivivinyo, kungenzeka wazi ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuguquka kwezakhi ku-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2 futhi, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukubheka amathuba okuba nomdlavuza webele.

Imvamisa lapho kunenkomba yokuba khona kwezinguquko kulezi zofuzo, kungenzeka ukuthi lowo muntu abe nomdlavuza webele impilo yonke. Kukudokotela ukukhomba ubungozi bokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo ukuze kwamukelwe izindlela zokuzivikela ngokwengozi yokuthola lesi sifo.

Imiphumela engenzeka

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ithunyelwa kudokotela ngendlela yombiko, okungaba kuhle noma kube kubi. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuthiwe kuhle uma kutholakala ukuguqulwa kokunye kokunye kofuzo, kepha akusho ukuthi ngabe lowo muntu uzoba nomdlavuza noma iminyaka engenzeka, edinga ukuhlolwa kobungako .

Kodwa-ke, lapho kutholakala ukuguquka kwesakhi sofuzo kwe-BRCA1, ngokwesibonelo, kunethuba lokufika kuma-81% wokukhula komdlavuza webele, futhi kunconywa ukuthi lowo muntu abhekane nemidwebo yamagnetic resonance minyaka yonke, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukwenza i-mastectomy njengendlela yokuvimbela.

Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo okungekuhle kungenye lapho kungekho kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuqinisekisiwe kuzakhi zofuzo ezihlaziyiweyo, kepha kusekhona amathuba okuba nomdlavuza, yize uphansi kakhulu, odinga ukuqashwa kwezokwelapha ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Thola ngezinye izivivinyo eziqinisekisa umdlavuza webele.