Yini i-chimerism, izinhlobo nokuthi ungazibona kanjani

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-chimerism
• 1. I-chimerism yemvelo
• 2. I-chimerism yokufakelwa
• 3. I-Microquimerismo
• 4. I-twin chimerism
• Ungayibona kanjani

I-chimerism wuhlobo lokushintshwa okungajwayelekile kwezakhi zofuzo lapho kutholakala khona izinto ezimbili ezihlukile zofuzo, ezingaba zemvelo, ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngokwesibonelo, noma ngenxa yokufakwa kwesinye se-hematopoietic stem cell, lapho amangqamuzana amangqamuzana atshalwe kabusha anikelwayo amuncwa ngumamukeli, ngobukhona obukhona bamaseli anamaphrofayli wezakhi zofuzo ahlukile.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi yi-chimerism lapho ukutholakala kwamaseli amabili noma ngaphezulu amaseli ahlukaniswe ngokwezakhi zofuzo anemvelaphi ehlukile kuqinisekiswa, ngokuhlukile kulokho okwenzeka kwi-mosaicism, lapho ngaphandle kokuthi inani lamaseli lihlukaniswe ngokwezakhi zofuzo, linomsuka ofanayo. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-mosaicism.

Izinhlobo ze-chimerism

I-chimerism ayivamile kubantu futhi ingabonakala kalula ezilwaneni. Kodwa-ke kusenokwenzeka ukuthi kukhona ubumbano phakathi kwabantu, izinhlobo eziyinhloko yilezi:

1. I-chimerism yemvelo

I-chimerism yemvelo yenzeka lapho imibungu emibili noma ngaphezulu ihlangana, yakhe eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, umntwana owakhiwe ngezinto zokwakha zofuzo ezi-2 noma ngaphezulu.

2. I-chimerism yokufakelwa

Kwenzeka lapho umuntu ethola ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukufakelwa umnkantsha wamathambo noma amaseli ama-hematopoietic stem avela komunye umuntu, amaseli anikelayo encela umzimba. Lesi simo sasivamile esikhathini esedlule, kepha namuhla ngemuva kokufakelwa umuntu uyalandelwa futhi enze ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivimbela ukumunzwa unomphela kwamaseli anikelayo, ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukwamukelwa okungcono kokufakelwa komzimba.

3. I-Microquimerismo

Lolu hlobo lwe-chimerism lwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho owesifazane amunca amaseli athile embungwini noma i-fetus imunca amaseli kunina, okuholela ezintweni ezimbili ezihlukile zofuzo.

4. I-twin chimerism

Lolu hlobo lwe-chimerism lwenzeka lapho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwamawele, omunye umbungu uyafa kanti omunye umbungu umunca amanye amaseli awo. Ngakho-ke, umntwana ozalwayo unezinto zakhe zofuzo kanye nezinto zofuzo zakwabo.

Ungayibona kanjani

I-chimerism ingabonakala ngezici ezithile umuntu angazibonakalisa njengezindawo zomzimba ezine-pigmentation engaphezulu noma engaphansi, amehlo anemibala ehlukene, ukuvela kwezifo ezizimele ezihlobene nesikhumba noma uhlelo lwezinzwa nobulili, lapho kukhona khona ukuhlukahluka kwezici zobulili kanye namaphethini we-chromosomal, okwenza kube nzima ukukhomba umuntu njengowobulili besilisa noma besifazane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chimerism itholakala ngokuhlolwa okuhlola izinto zofuzo, i-DNA, nokuba khona kwamabili amabili noma ngaphezulu e-DNA kumaseli abomvu egazi, ngokwesibonelo, kungaqinisekiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni se-chimerism ngemuva kwe-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, kungenzeka ukukhomba lokhu kuguqulwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kofuzo okuhlola omaka abaziwa njenge-STRs, abakwaziyo ukwahlukanisa amaseli omamukeli kanye nomnikeli.