Ukubalwa Kweseli Ebomvu (RBC)

-Delile

• Izimpawu zokubalwa okungajwayelekile
• Kungani ngidinga ukubalwa kwe-RBC?
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukubalwa kwe-RBC?
• Kufanele ngikulungiselele kanjani ukubalwa kwe-RBC?
• Ziyini izingozi zokuthola ukubalwa kwe-RBC?
• Yiluphi uhla olujwayelekile lwesibalo se-RBC?
• Kusho ukuthini ukubalwa okungaphezu kokujwayelekile?
• Kusho ukuthini ukubala okuphansi kunokujwayelekile?
• Amaseli abomvu egazi nomdlavuza wegazi
• Kuthiwani uma ngithola imiphumela engajwayelekile?
• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
• Izinguquko zokudla

Kuyini ukubalwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi?

Ukubalwa kwamaseli abomvu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusetshenziswa udokotela wakho ukuthola ukuthi mangaki amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (RBC) onawo. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi isibalo se-erythrocyte.

Ukuhlola kubalulekile ngoba ama-RBC aqukethe i-hemoglobin, ethwala umoya-mpilo ezicubwini zomzimba wakho. Inani lama-RBC onawo lingathinta ukuthi izicubu zakho zithola umoya-mpilo ongakanani. Izicubu zakho zidinga umoya-mpilo ukuze usebenze.

Izimpawu zokubalwa okungajwayelekile

Uma isibalo sakho se-RBC siphezulu kakhulu noma siphansi kakhulu, ungathola izimpawu nezinkinga.

Uma unesibalo esiphansi se-RBC, izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukukhathala
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, noma ikhanda elikhanyayo, ikakhulukazi uma ushintsha izikhundla ngokushesha
• ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo
• ikhanda
• isikhumba esiphaphathekile

Uma unesibalo esiphezulu se-RBC, ungahlangabezana nezimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• ukukhathala
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• ubumnene ezintendeni zezandla noma ematheni ezinyawo
• ukuluma kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokugeza noma ukugeza
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu udokotela wakho angalawula ukubalwa kwe-RBC.

Kungani ngidinga ukubalwa kwe-RBC?

Ngokusho kwe-American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), isivivinyo cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi siyingxenye yokuhlolwa okuphelele kokubalwa kwegazi (CBC). Ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC kukala inani lazo zonke izinto ezisegazini, kufaka phakathi:

• amangqamuzana abomvu egazi
• amaseli egazi amhlophe
• i-hemoglobin
• i-hematocrit
• amaplatelets

I-hematocrit yakho ingumthamo wamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wakho. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hematocrit kukala isilinganiso sama-RBCs egazini lakho.

Ama-platelet amangqamuzana amancane ajikeleza egazini futhi akha amahlule egazi avumela amanxeba ukuba aphole futhi avimbele ukopha ngokweqile.

Udokotela wakho angayalela ukuhlolwa uma esola ukuthi unesimo esithinta ama-RBC akho, noma uma ukhombisa izimpawu ze-oxygen ephansi yegazi. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukushintsha umbala okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ukudideka
• ukucasuka nokungahlaliseki
• ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC kuzoba yingxenye yokuhlolwa komzimba okujwayelekile. Kungaba inkomba yempilo yakho yonke. Kungase futhi kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Uma unesimo segazi esitholakele esingahle sithinte ukubalwa kwe-RBC, noma uthatha noma imiphi imithi ethinta ama-RBC akho, udokotela wakho angayalela ukuhlolwa ukuthi kuqashwe isimo sakho noma ukwelashwa kwakho. Odokotela bangasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC ukuqapha izimo ezinjenge-leukemia nokutheleleka kwegazi.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukubalwa kwe-RBC?

Isibalo se-RBC ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okwenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho. Wena dokotela uzodonsa igazi emthanjeni wakho, imvamisa ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho. Izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekudwebeni kwegazi yilezi:

• Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlanza indawo yokubhoboza ngesibulali magciwane.
• Bazosonga ibhande lokunwebeka engalweni yakho engenhla ukwenza umthambo wakho uvuvukele igazi.
• Bazofaka kahle inaliti emthanjeni wakho bese baqoqa igazi nge-vial noma ithubhu enamathiselwe.
• Bazobe sebesusa inaliti nebhande le-elastic engalweni yakho.
• Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzothumela isampula yegazi lakho elabhorethri ukuze liyohlaziywa.

Kufanele ngikulungiselele kanjani ukubalwa kwe-RBC?

Ngokuvamile akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo kulolu vivinyo. Kodwa kufanele utshele udokotela wakho uma uthatha imishanguzo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi noma yimiphi imishanguzo noma izengezo ezingaphezulu kwe-the-counter (OTC).

Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukutshela nganoma yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokuqapha ezidingekayo.

Ziyini izingozi zokuthola ukubalwa kwe-RBC?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kunengozi yokuphuma kwegazi, ukulimaza, noma ukutheleleka endaweni yokubhoboza. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo noma ukuzwa okubukhali lapho inaliti ingena engalweni yakho.

Yiluphi uhla olujwayelekile lwesibalo se-RBC?

Ngokusho kweLeukemia & Lymphoma Society:

• Ububanzi obujwayelekile be-RBC yamadoda bungamaseli ayizigidi ezingama-4.7 kuye kwayi-6.1 nge-microliter (mcL) ngayinye.
• Ububanzi obujwayelekile be-RBC yabesifazane abangakhulelwe ngu-4.2 kuya ku-5.4 million mcL.
• Ububanzi obujwayelekile be-RBC yezingane yi-4.0L kuya ku-5.5 million mcL.

Lezi zigaba zingahluka ngokuya ngelebhu noma kudokotela.

Kusho ukuthini ukubalwa okungaphezu kokujwayelekile?

Une-erythrocytosis uma isibalo sakho se-RBC siphezulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungabangelwa:

• ukubhema ugwayi
• isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso
• ukoma komzimba
• i-renal cell carcinoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wezinso
• i-fibrosis yamaphaphu
• i-polycythemia vera, isifo somnkantsha esibangela ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-RBC futhi sihambisana nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo

Uma uthuthela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, isibalo sakho se-RBC singakhuphuka amasonto ambalwa ngoba kunomoya-mpilo omncane emoyeni.

Izidakamizwa ezithile ezinjenge-gentamicin ne-methyldopa zingakhuphula isibalo sakho se-RBC. I-Gentamicin iyi-antibiotic esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamagciwane egazini.

IMethyldopa ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kusebenza ngokuxegisa imithambo yegazi ukuvumela igazi ligeleze kalula emzimbeni. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo.

Ukubalwa okuphezulu kwe-RBC kungaba nomphumela wokuphefumula kokulala, i-pulmonary fibrosis, nezinye izimo ezibanga amazinga e-oxygen aphansi egazini.

Izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukusebenza njengemijovo yamaprotheni kanye ne-anabolic steroids nazo zingakhuphula ama-RBC. Isifo sezinso nomdlavuza wezinso kungaholela nasekubalweni okuphezulu kwe-RBC.

Kusho ukuthini ukubala okuphansi kunokujwayelekile?

Uma inani lama-RBC liphansi kunokujwayelekile, kungabangelwa:

• i-anemia
• ukwehluleka komnkantsha
• ukushoda kwe-erythropoietin, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yokushoda kwegazi ezigulini ezinesifo esingapheliyo sezinso
• i-hemolysis, noma ukubhujiswa kwe-RBC okubangelwa ukumpontshelwa nokulimala kwesitsha segazi
• ukopha ngaphakathi nangaphandle
• i-leukemia
• ukungondleki
• multiple myeloma, umdlavuza wamaseli e-plasma emnkantsheni wethambo
• ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, kufaka phakathi ukusilela kwensimbi, ithusi, i-folate, namavithamini B-6 no-B-12
• ukukhulelwa
• iziyaluyalu

Izidakamizwa ezithile zinganciphisa nesibalo sakho se-RBC, ikakhulukazi:

• izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali
• chloramphenicol, elapha ukutheleleka ngamagciwane
• i-quinidine, ekwazi ukwelapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• ama-hydantoins, ngokwesiko asetshenziselwa ukwelapha isithuthwane kanye nemisipha

Amaseli abomvu egazi nomdlavuza wegazi

Umdlavuza wegazi ungathinta ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwamaseli abomvu egazi. Futhi kungaholela emazingeni angajwayelekile e-RBC.

Uhlobo ngalunye lomdlavuza wegazi lunomthelela ohlukile ekubalweni kwe-RBC. Izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zomdlavuza wegazi yilezi:

• i-leukemia, okhubaza ikhono lomnkantsha wethambo lokukhiqiza ama-platelet namaseli abomvu egazi
• i-lymphoma, ethinta amaseli amhlophe amasosha omzimba
• i-myeloma, evimbela ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwama-antibodies

Kuthiwani uma ngithola imiphumela engajwayelekile?

Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe nganoma yimiphi imiphumela engavamile. Ngokuya ngemiphumela, bangahle badinge uku-oda ezinye izivivinyo.

Lokhu kungafaka ama-smear egazi, lapho kuhlolisiswa khona ifilimu yegazi lakho ngesibonakhulu. Ama-smear egazi angasiza ekutholeni ukungajwayelekile kumaseli egazi (njenge-sickle cell anemia), ukuphazamiseka kwamaseli amhlophe njenge-leukemia, kanye nama-parasites anegazi afana ne-malaria.

I-anemia yisimo lapho kungekho khona amaseli abomvu anele anele okuthwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Izinhlobo ze-anemia zifaka:

• i-iron defence anemia, evame ukuphathwa kalula
• i-sickle cell anemia, okuholela kumaseli abomvu amise ngendlela engajwayelekile asheshe afe
• i-vitamin deficiency anemia, evame ukusukela emazingeni aphansi kavithamini B-12

Zonke izinhlobo ze-anemia zidinga ukwelashwa. Abantu abane-anemia ngokuvamile bazizwa bekhathele futhi bebuthakathaka. Bangase futhi baphathwe yikhanda, izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo, isiyezi, nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

I-bone marrow biopsy ingakhombisa ukuthi amaseli ahlukene egazi lakho enziwa kanjani ngaphakathi komnkantsha wakho. Ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa, okufana ne-ultrasound noma ama-electrocardiograms, kungabheka izimo ezithinta izinso noma inhliziyo.

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingathinta ukubalwa kwakho kwe-RBC. Ezinye zalezi zinguquko zifaka:

• ukugcina ukudla okunempilo nokugwema ukuswela amavithamini
• ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, okudinga ukuthi umzimba usebenzise i-oxygen eyengeziwe
• ukugwema i-aspirin
• ukugwema ukubhema

Ungakwazi ukwehlisa i-RBC yakho ngezinguquko zendlela yokuphila elandelayo:

• ukunciphisa inani lensimbi nenyama ebomvu oyisebenzisayo
• ukuphuza amanzi amaningi
• ukugwema isisu, njengeziphuzo eziqukethe i-caffeine noma utshwala
• ukuyeka ukubhema

Izinguquko zokudla

Izinguquko zokudla zingadlala indima enkulu ekwelashweni kwasekhaya ngokwandisa noma ngokwehlisa isibalo sakho se-RBC.

Ungakwazi ukukhulisa i-RBC yakho ngezinguquko zokudla ezilandelayo:

• ukwengeza ukudla okunothe ngensimbi (njengenyama, inhlanzi, izinkukhu), kanye nobhontshisi omisiwe, uphizi, nemifino eluhlaza enamaqabunga (njengesipinashi) ekudleni kwakho
• ukwandisa ithusi ekudleni kwakho ngokudla okufana ne-shellfish, izinkukhu namantongomane
• ukuthola uvithamini B-12 owengeziwe ngokudla okufana namaqanda, inyama, namabele okusanhlamvu