Ukuqaphela Izimpawu Zesifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2

-Delile

• Izimpawu ezivamile zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
• Ukuchama kaningi noma okwandisiwe
• Omile
• Ukukhathala
• Ukubona okufiphele
• Izifo eziphindaphindayo nezilonda
• Izimpawu eziphuthumayo zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
• Izimpawu zohlobo lwesibili sikashukela ezinganeni
• Ukwelashwa kwendlela yokuphila
• Ukuqapha ushukela wegazi
• Ukudla okunempilo
• Umsebenzi womzimba
• Imithi kanye ne-insulin
• I-Metformin
• I-Sulfonylureas
• Meglitinides
• Abongile
• I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
• Ama-agonists we-Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (i-GLP-1 receptor agonists)
• I-Sodium-glucose Transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors
• Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin
• Umbono

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 yisifo esingelapheki esingadala ukuthi ushukela wegazi (i-glucose) ube ngaphezulu kunokujwayelekile. Abantu abaningi abazizwa izimpawu ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezivamile zikhona futhi ukukwazi ukuzibona kubalulekile. Izimpawu eziningi zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zenzeka lapho amazinga kashukela egazi ephakeme kakhulu ngokungajwayelekile.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zifaka:

• ukoma ngokweqile
• ukuchama kaningi noma okwandayo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
• indlala eyeqile
• ukukhathala
• ukungaboni kahle
• izilonda noma ukusikeka okungapholi

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu njalo, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangancoma ukuthi uhlolelwe isifo sikashukela, esenziwa ngokudonsa igazi okuyisisekelo. Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela okujwayelekile kuvame ukuqala eneminyaka engama-45.

Noma kunjalo, kungaqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma:

• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• ukuhlala phansi
• kuthinteke umfutho wegazi ophakeme, manje noma lapho ukhulelwe
• kusuka emndenini onomlando wohlobo 2 sikashukela
• kusuka esizindeni esinobungozi obukhulu besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
• engcupheni ephakeme ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, amazinga aphansi we-cholesterol enhle, noma amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride
• unesifo senhliziyo
• une-polycystic ovary syndrome

Izimpawu ezivamile zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Uma unesifo sikashukela, kungasiza ukuqonda ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini akho ayithinta kanjani indlela ozizwa ngayo. Izinga le-glucose eliphakeme lidala izimpawu ezivame kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Ukuchama kaningi noma okwandisiwe

Izinga eliphakeme le-glucose liphoqa uketshezi kusuka kumaseli akho. Lokhu kwandisa inani loketshezi olulethwa ezinso. Lokhu kukwenza ukuthi udinga ukuchama kakhulu. Kungase futhi ekugcineni kukunciphise amanzi emzimbeni.

Omile

Njengoba izicubu zakho ziphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, uzokoma. Ukoma okwengeziwe kungenye yezimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezivamile. Lapho uchama kakhulu, udinga ukuphuza kakhulu, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Ukukhathala

Ukuzizwa ukhathele kungenye yezimpawu ezivamile zesifo sikashukela. I-glucose imvamisa ingenye yemithombo eyinhloko yamandla omzimba. Lapho amaseli engakwazi ukumunca ushukela, ungakhathala noma uzizwe ukhathele.

Ukubona okufiphele

Esikhathini esifushane, amazinga aphezulu e-glucose angadala ukuvuvukala kwelensi esweni. Lokhu kuholela ekuboneni ukufiphala. Ukulawula ushukela wegazi kungasiza ukulungisa izinkinga zokubona. Uma amazinga kashukela egazi ehlala ephezulu isikhathi eside, ezinye izinkinga zamehlo zingenzeka.

Izifo eziphindaphindayo nezilonda

Izinga eliphakeme le-glucose lingenza kube nzima ukuthi umzimba wakho welapheke. Ngakho-ke, ukulimala okufana nokusikeka nezilonda kuhlala kuvulekile isikhathi eside. Lokhu kubenza babe sengozini yokutheleleka.

Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu abaqapheli ukuthi banamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazi ngoba abezwa zimpawu. Ushukela ophakeme wegazi ungaholela ezinkingeni zesikhathi eside, njenge:

• ingozi ephezulu yesifo senhliziyo
• izinkinga zezinyawo
• ukulimala kwemizwa
• izifo zamehlo
• isifo sezinso

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabo basengozini yokungenwa yizifo zesinye. Kubantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela, izifo zesinye zivame ukuba buhlungu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifo sikashukela kungenzeka bangabi nalolo hlobo lokuzwa kobuhlungu ngokuchama. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka kungatholakali kuze kube sekusabalaleni kuya ezinso.

Izimpawu eziphuthumayo zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Ushukela wegazi ophakeme ubangela ukulimala kwesikhathi eside emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, ushukela wegazi ophansi, obizwa nge-hypoglycemia, ungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. I-Hypoglycemia yenzeka lapho kunamazinga aphansi ayingozi kashukela wegazi. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, yilabo kuphela abasebenzisa imishanguzo ekhulisa amazinga e-insulin yomzimba abasengozini kashukela ophansi wegazi.

Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia zifaka:

• eqhaqhazela
• isiyezi
• indlala
• ikhanda
• ukujuluka
• unenkinga yokucabanga
• ukucasuka noma imoodness
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo

Uma unemithi ekhulisa inani le-insulin emzimbeni wakho, qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani ushukela wegazi ophansi.

Izimpawu zohlobo lwesibili sikashukela ezinganeni

Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, ezinye izingane ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kungenzeka zingakhombisi zimpawu, kuyilapho ezinye zikhombisa. Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wengane yakho uma ingane yakho inezici ezinobungozi-noma ngabe zingakhombisi izimpawu ezivamile.

Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• isisindo (ukuba ne-BMI ngaphezulu kwama-85th percentile)
• ukungasebenzi
• isihlobo esiseduze segazi esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
• ubuhlanga (i-African-American, Hispanic, i-Native American, i-Asia-American ne-Pacific Islander kuboniswa ukuthi banezehlakalo eziphakeme)

Izingane ezibonisa izimpawu zithola izimpawu eziningi ezifana nezabantu abadala:

• ukukhathala (ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ucasukile)
• ukoma okwengeziwe nokuchama
• ukwanda kwendlala
• ukwehlisa isisindo (ukudla ngaphezu kokujwayelekile kepha usalahlekelwa isisindo)
• izindawo zesikhumba esimnyama
• izilonda zokuphulukisa kancane
• ukungaboni kahle

Ukwelashwa kwendlela yokuphila

Ungadinga imithi yomlomo kanye ne-insulin yokuphatha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingu-2. Ukuphatha ushukela wegazi lakho ngokuqapha okusondele, ukudla, nokuvivinya umzimba nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokwelashwa. Ngenkathi abanye abantu bekwazi ukulawula uhlobo lwabo lwesifo sikashukela se-2 ngokudla nokuzivocavoca yedwa, kufanele uhlale ubuza nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ukuqapha ushukela wegazi

Ukuphela kwendlela ongaqiniseka ngayo ukuthi izinga likashukela egazini lihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga lakho eliqondiwe ukuliqapha. Kungadingeka ukuthi uhlole futhi urekhode amazinga kashukela egazini lakho amahlandla amaningi ngosuku noma ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Lokhu kuncike ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ukudla okunempilo

Akukho ukudla okuthile okunconyelwe abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ukudla kwakho kugxile kwizithelo, imifino, nezinhlamvu ezigcwele. Lokhu kungukudla okunamafutha amancane, okune-fiber eningi. Kufanele futhi wehlise amaswidi, ama-carbohydrate acwengekile nemikhiqizo yezilwane. Ukudla okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic (ukudla okugcina ushukela wegazi uzinze kakhulu) nakho kunalabo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Udokotela wakho noma udokotela wezokudla obhalisiwe angakusiza ukuthi akwenzele uhlelo lokudla. Bangakufundisa nokuthi ungakuqapha kanjani ukudla kwakho ukuze ugcine izinga likashukela egazini lizinzile.

Umsebenzi womzimba

Ukuzivocavoca njalo kubalulekile kulabo abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela. Kufanele wenze ukuzivocavoca umzimba kube yingxenye yenkambiso yakho yansuku zonke. Kulula uma ukhetha imisebenzi oyithandayo, njengokuhamba ngezinyawo, ukubhukuda, noma ezemidlalo. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola imvume kadokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukuvivinya umzimba. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzivocavoca kungasebenza kakhulu kunokunamathela kokukodwa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlole amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca. Ukuvivinya umzimba kungehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Ukuvimbela ushukela wegazi ophansi, ungacabanga nokudla isinongo ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca.

Imithi kanye ne-insulin

Ungahle noma ungadingi imishanguzo kanye ne-insulin ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Lokhu kuyinto ezonqunywa yizici eziningi, njengezinye izimo zempilo onazo, namazinga kashukela egazini lakho.

Eminye imithi yokwelapha uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela yile:

I-Metformin

Lesi sidakamizwa imvamisa imithi yokuqala enqunyiwe. Isiza umzimba wakho ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngempumelelo. Eminye imiphumela emibi engaba khona ukuhlaselwa isicanucanu nohudo. Ngokuvamile lezi ziyaphela njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumelanisa nazo.

NgoMeyi 2020, okunconywayo ukuthi abanye abenzi be-metformin enwetshiwe bakhiphe amanye amaphilisi abo emakethe yase-U.S. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga elingamukeleki le-carcinogen (i-agent ebangela umdlavuza) itholakale kwamanye amaphilisi e-metformin akhululwa isikhathi eside. Uma okwamanje uthatha lo muthi, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bazokweluleka ngokuthi ngabe kufanele uqhubeke nokudla imishanguzo yakho noma uma udinga incwadi kadokotela entsha.

I-Sulfonylureas

Lesi sidakamizwa sisiza umzimba wakho ukukhipha i-insulin eyengeziwe. Eminye imiphumela emibi engaba khona ushukela wegazi ophansi nokuzuza kwesisindo.

Meglitinides

Le mithi isebenza njenge-sulfonylureas, kepha iyashesha. Umphumela wazo futhi mfushane. Zingadala noshukela ophansi wegazi, kepha ingozi iphansi kune-sulfonylureas.

Abongile

Le mithi ifana ne-metformin. Ngokuvamile akuyona inketho yokuqala yodokotela ngenxa yengozi yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo nokuqhekeka.

I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors

Le mithi isiza ukunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Banomphumela onesizotha kepha ababangeli ukukhuluphala. Kukhona amathuba okuba ne-pancreatitis enamandla kanye nobuhlungu obuhlangene.

Ama-agonists we-Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (i-GLP-1 receptor agonists)

Le mithi ihamba kancane ukugaya, isiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini, futhi isize ekwehliseni isisindo. I-American Diabetes Association (ADA) iyabancoma ezimeni lapho isifo sezinso esingalapheki (CKD), ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, noma isifo se-atherosclerotic senhliziyo (ASCVD) sihamba phambili.

Abantu babhekana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo, futhi kukhona ingozi engaba khona yamathumba wegilo.

I-Sodium-glucose Transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors

Le mithi ivimbela izinso ekuphindiseleni ushukela egazini. Ikhishwa emchameni kunalokho. Zingeminye yemithi emisha yesifo sikashukela emakethe.

Njengama-agonists we-GLP-1 receptor, ama-SGLT2 inhibitors nawo anconywa yi-ADA ezimweni lapho i-CKD, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, noma i-ASCVD idla kakhulu.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ibandakanya ukutheleleka ngemvubelo, ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo, nokwanda kokuchama, kanye nokunqunywa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin

I-insulin kufanele ijojowe, ngoba ukugaya kuyaphazamisa lapho i-insulin ithathwa ngomlomo. Isikali nenombolo yemijovo edingekayo usuku ngalunye incike esigulini ngasinye. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-insulin ongazinikezwa udokotela wakho. Basebenza ngamunye ngokuhlukile. Ezinye izinketho yilezi:

• I-insulin glulisine (Apidra)
• i-insulin lispro (Humalog)
• i-insulin aspart (i-Novolog)
• insulini glargine (Lantus)
• insulini detemir (Levemir)
• i-insulin isophane (Humulin N, Novolin N)

Umbono

Kubalulekile ukubuza nodokotela wakho uma unezimpawu zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Uma ushiywe ungelashwa, uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lungaholela ekukhathazekeni okungathi sína kwezempilo nasemonakalweni wesikhathi eside emzimbeni wakho. Uma usutholakele, kunemithi, ukwelashwa, kanye nezinguquko ekudleni kwakho nasemsebenzini ozosimamisa amazinga kashukela egazini lakho.

Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuthatha izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ahlole:

• ukushaya kwegazi
• ukusebenza kwezinso nesibindi
• umsebenzi wegilo,
• amazinga e-cholesterol

Kufanele futhi ube nokuhlolwa kwezinyawo nezamehlo okujwayelekile.