Ukumelana namagciwane: kuyini, kungani kwenzeka nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani

-Delile

• Kwenzeka kanjani ukumelana nama-antibiotic
• Amagciwane amakhulu aphikisayo
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukumelana nama-antibiotic

Ukuphikiswa kwamagciwane kuthinta ikhono lamagciwane lokumelana nokusebenza kwamanye ama-antibiotic ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezindlela zokujwayela nokumelana, okuvame ukuba umphumela wokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antimicrobial. Ngakho-ke, njengomphumela wokumelana namagciwane, i-antibiotic evame ukusetshenziswa ekwelashweni ayisasebenzi, okwenza ukulwa nokutheleleka kube nzima kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi, futhi kungahle kube kubi kwesimo somtholampilo salowo muntu.

Lapho i-antibiotic isebenza, amabhaktheriya akwazi ukwehla ngezinga lawo lokuphindaphindeka noma aqedwe emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, lapho ibhaktheriya lithola ukumelana nomuthi othile wokulwa namagciwane, liyakwazi ukwanda kungakhathalekile ukuthi likhona yini lelo gciwane futhi likwazi ukudala izifo ezinzima kakhulu okunzima ukuzelapha.

Ezimweni eziningi, ibhaktheriya limelana ne-antimicrobial eyodwa kuphela, njengasendabeni ye I-Enterococcus sp., ngokwesibonelo, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zingazweli kuVancomycin. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ukuba ne-bacterium emelana nama-antibiotic amaningana, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-superbug noma ama-bacteria amaningi, njengoba kunjalo UKlebsiella umkhiqizi we-carbapenemase, obizwa nangokuthi i-KPC.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukumelana nama-antibiotic

Ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic, okuwukuthi, lapho umuntu esebenzisa i-antibiotic ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha noma lapho engayenzi yonke imishanguzo, isibonelo. Lezi zimo zingavuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokumelana kwama-bacteria ngokumelene ne-antibiotic esetshenzisiwe, ukuze ikwazi ukuhlala emzimbeni isikhathi eside, yande futhi ifinyelele egazini legazi, iveza i-sepsis.

Amagciwane amelana nawo ayakwazi ukwanda kalula futhi ngaleyo ndlela adlulisele izakhi zawo zofuzo ukumelana nezinye izizukulwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi ushintsho olusha olwenzekayo ezintweni zofuzo zala mabhaktheriya, luveze ama-superbugs, okuyilawo amelana nohlobo olungaphezu kolulodwa lwama-antibiotic. Lapho amagciwane emelana ngokwengeziwe, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuwelapha, ngoba mancane ama-antibiotic atholakalayo angalapha lelo gciwane.

Amagciwane amakhulu aphikisayo

Amagciwane amelana nokutholwa atholakala kalula endaweni yesibhedlela ngenxa yezinqubo ezihanjiswa kuzo iziguli, ezihlasela kakhulu, lapho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic okubanzi okubanzi kuyadingeka, okuyizinto ezisebenza ngokumelene nama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi okungewona- i-pathogenic, engavuna ukumelana nayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhaktheriya amelana nemvamisa ahlobene nendawo yesibhedlela ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kaningi kwama-antibiotic ngesikhathi sokulaliswa, amasosha omzimba wabantu kanye nokuchayeka isikhathi eside kuma-anti-virus nakuma-antimicrobial ngenxa yokuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela.

Phakathi kwamagciwane amakhulu amelana ne UKlebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), emelana neMethicillin, I-Acinetobacter baumannii futhi UPseudomonas aeruginosa, amelana nama-carbapenem antibiotic. Yazi amabhaktheriya amakhulu aphikisayo.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukumelana nama-antibiotic

Ukumelana namagciwane kungagwenywa kalula ngezenzo ezilula, njenge:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kuphela ngaphansi kwesincomo sezokwelapha;
• Isikhathi nomthamo we-antibiotic kufanele ukhonjiswe ngudokotela futhi usetshenziswe ngokuyalelwa nguye, noma ngabe kunyamalala izimpawu;
• Ungaphazamisi ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic noma ngabe azisekho izimpawu zokutheleleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcina inhlanzeko enhle yezandla, ukugeza ukudla kahle ngaphambi kokukuphaka, ukuba nemithi yokugoma kusesikhathini futhi nje uxhumane nabantu abasesibhedlela besebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela, njengamaski nemijiva, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukugwema ukumelana namagciwane, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izibhedlela zihlolisise amabhaktheriya adlange kakhulu esibhedlela kanye namayunithi ezibhedlela ezibucayi futhi zinqume ukuzwela nokumelana nephrofayili yalezi zinambuzane.

Uma sekwaziwa ukuthi imaphi amabhaktheriya avame kakhulu nezimpawu zawo, kuyenzeka ukuthi wamukele amasu wokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngesikhathi esibhedlela isiguli. Ukuqhubeka nokufundiswa nokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe bezempilo abakhona esibhedlela kubalulekile ukugwema ukutheleleka nge-nosocomial kanye nokwakhiwa kwamagciwane amelana nawo. Bona ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani izifo ze-nosocomial.