Ngabe uRubeola (Measles) Ubukeka Kanjani?

-Delile

• Izimpawu zokuqala
• Amabala kaKoplik
• Ukuqubuka kwesimungumungwane
• Isikhathi sokululama
• Izinkinga zemasisi
• Inyumoniya
• I-Encephalitis
• Ezinye izifo ezine-rashes
• Ukudlula isimungumungwane

Yini i-rubeola (isimungumungwane)?

I-Rubeola (isimungumungwane) ukutheleleka okubangelwa igciwane elikhula kumaseli angene emphinjeni nasemaphashini. Kuyisifo esithathelwanayo esisakazeka emoyeni noma nini lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Abantu ababamba isimungumungwane baba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, nekhala eligijimayo. Ukuqhuma kwe-telltale kuwuphawu lwesifo. Uma isimungumungwane singelashwa, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokutheleleka endlebeni, inyumoniya, ne-encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho).

Izimpawu zokuqala

Kungakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-14 ngemuva kokutheleleka ngisimungumungwane, izimpawu zakho zokuqala zizovela. Izimpawu zokuqala zizwakala njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobayo nomphimbo obuhlungu. Imvamisa amehlo aba bomvu futhi agijime. Ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu kamuva, kuqubuka umbala obomvu noma obomvu ngokunsomi bese usakazeka phansi umzimba kusuka ekhanda kuye onyaweni.

Amabala kaKoplik

Ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngemuva kokuqala ukubona izimpawu zesimungumungwane, ungaqala ukubona amabala amancane emlonyeni, kuzo zonke izihlathi. Lezi zindawo ngokuvamile zibomvu ngezikhungo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe. Babizwa ngamabala kaKoplik, aqanjwe ngodokotela wezingane uHenry Koplik owaqala wachaza izimpawu zokuqala zesimungumungwane ngo-1896. Amabala kaKoplik kufanele anyamalale njengoba ezinye izimpawu zesimungumungwane zinyamalala.

Ukuqubuka kwesimungumungwane

Ukuqubuka kwesimungumungwane kubomvu noma nsundu ngokubomvu ngombala. Iqala ebusweni futhi isebenze ngendlela eyehla ngayo emzimbeni izinsuku ezimbalwa: kusuka entanyeni kuya esiqwini, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, ize ifike ezinyaweni ekugcineni. Ekugcineni, izomboza umzimba wonke ngamabhulebhu wamaqhuqhuvana anemibala. Ukuqhuma kuhlala izinsuku ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha sekukonke. Abantu abangazinikeli ekuzimeleleni kungenzeka bangabi nokuqubuka.

Isikhathi sokululama

Akukho ukwelashwa kwangempela kwesimungumungwane. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane, imvukuzane ne-rubella (MMR) ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleligciwane kungasivimba lesi sifo.

Iseluleko esihle kakhulu kubantu asebevele begula ukuphumula nokunikeza umzimba isikhathi sokululama. Hlala ukhululekile ngokuphuza uketshezi oluningi futhi uthathe i-acetaminophen (Tylenol) yomkhuhlane. Unganiki i-aspirin ezinganeni, ngenxa yengozi yesimo esingajwayelekile kodwa esibi esibizwa nge-Reye's syndrome.

Izinkinga zemasisi

Cishe amaphesenti angama-30 abantu abathola isimungumungwane baba nezinkinga ezifana nenyumoniya, ukutheleleka ezindlebeni, isifo sohudo ne-encephalitis, ngokusho kwe. I-pneumonia ne-encephalitis yizinkinga ezimbili ezinzima ezingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangela:

• imfiva
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukukhwehlela okukhiqiza amafinyila

Abantu amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yesinye isifo bangathola uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwe-pneumonia.

I-Encephalitis

Cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-1 000 enesimungumungwane izokhula ukuvuvukala kobuchopho okuthiwa i-encephalitis, ngokusho kwe. Kwesinye isikhathi i-encephalitis iqala ngemuva nje kwesimungumungwane. Kwezinye izimo, kuthatha izinyanga ukuvela. I-Encephalitis ingaba yimbi kakhulu, iholele ekuxhuzuleni, ukungezwa, nokubambezeleka kwengqondo ezinganeni. Kuyingozi futhi nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe, okwenza ukuthi babelethe kusenesikhathi noma babe nengane ezalwe isisindo esincane.

Ezinye izifo ezine-rashes

I-Rubeola (isimungumungwane) ivame ukudideka ne-roseola ne-rubella (isimungumungwane saseJalimane), kepha lezi zimo ezintathu zihlukile. Imasisi ikhiqiza ukuqubuka okubomvu okubomvu okusabalala ukusuka ekhanda kuye onyaweni. I-Roseola yisimo esithinta izingane nezinsana. Kubangela ukuqubuka kwakheke esiqwini, okunabela ezingalweni nasentanyeni engenhla bese kufiphala kungakapheli izinsuku. I-Rubella yisifo segciwane esinezimpawu ezibandakanya ukuqubuka nomkhuhlane okuhlala izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Ukudlula isimungumungwane

Izimpawu zesimungumungwane zivame ukunyamalala ngokulandelana lapho zivele khona okokuqala. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ukuqubuka kufanele kuqale ukuphela. Ingashiya ngemuva umbala onsundu esikhunjeni, kanye nokuxebuka okuthile. Umkhuhlane nezinye izimpawu zesimungumungwane zizokwehla bese wena - noma ingane yakho kufanele iqale ukuzizwa ingcono.