Sibuze AbaseMelika Ngezempilo Yezocansi: Lokho Okushoyo Mayelana Nesimo Sezocansi Ed

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Ukufinyelela kwezemfundo
• Ukuvimbela izifo zocansi
• Imibono eyiphutha yokuvikela ukukhulelwa
• Ulwazi ngobulili
• Ukuchazwa kwemvume
• Yini elandelayo?

Ukubuka konke

Akungabazeki ukuthi ukunikela ngemininingwane engaguquguquki nenembile yezempilo yezocansi ezikoleni kubalulekile.

Ukuhlinzeka abafundi ngalezi zinsiza akusizi nje kuphela ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungafuneki nokusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI), kepha futhi kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni impilo yonke yomuntu.

Kodwa-ke isimo semfundo yezocansi nokuqwashisa kwezinye izindawo e-United States sisukela kokunganembi kwezokwelapha size singabikho nhlobo.

Okwamanje, zingu-20 kuphela izifundazwe ezidinga ukuthi imfundo yezocansi neye-HIV ibe “neqiniso kwezokwelapha, ngokweqiniso, noma ngokwezobuchwepheshe,” (ngenkathi iNew Jersey empeleni ingumbuso wama-21, ishiywe ngaphandle ngoba ukunemba kwezokwelapha akuchaziwe ngqo kumthetho wombuso. idingwa yi-NJDE's Comprehensive Health and Physical Education).

Okwamanje, incazelo yalokho "okunembile kwezokwelapha" ingahluka ngezwe.

Yize ezinye izifundazwe zingadinga ukuvunywa kohlelo lwezifundo nguMnyango Wezempilo, ezinye izifundazwe zivumela ukuthi kusatshalaliswe izinto ezisuselwa olwazini oluvela emithonjeni eshicilelwe ehlonishwa imboni yezokwelapha. Lokhu kushoda kwenqubo ehlelekile kungaholela ekusatshalalisweni kolwazi olungalungile.

I-Healthline kanye ne-Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS), okuyinhlangano ezinikele ekukhuthazeni imfundo yezocansi, yenze ucwaningo olubheka isimo sempilo yezocansi e-United States.

Ngezansi imiphumela.

Ukufinyelela kwezemfundo

Ocwaningweni lwethu, oluhlolisise abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwenkulungwane, amaphesenti ayi-12 kuphela abaphenduli abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu abathole uhlobo oluthile lwemfundo yezocansi esikoleni.

Okwamanje, amaphesenti angama-33 kuphela abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-18 nengama-29 ubudala ababike ukuthi banakho.

Ngenkathi abanye bangaphambilini bethola ukuthi izinhlelo zokufunda ngokuzithiba kuphela azivikeli ekukhulelweni kwentsha nama-STI, kunezindawo eziningi e-United States lapho lolu kuphela uhlobo lwemfundo yezocansi olunikezwayo.

Amazwe afana neMississippi adinga ukuthi izikole ziveze imfundo yezocansi njengokuziyeka-kuphela njengendlela yokulwa nokukhulelwa okungafunwa. Kodwa-ke iMississippi inelinye lamanani aphakeme kakhulu okukhulelwa kwentsha, elibalwa ngo-2016.

Lokhu kuqhathaniswa neNew Hampshire, enezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokukhulelwa kwentsha e-United States. Umbuso ufundisa ezempilo kanye nemfundo yezocansi kanye nohlelo lwezifundo olunikezelwe ngezifo zocansi oluqala ezikoleni eziphakathi.

Kuze kube manje, izifundazwe ezingama-35 kanye neSifunda saseColumbia nazo zivumela abazali ukuthi bakhethe ukuphuma ekubeni nezingane zabo zibambe iqhaza kwezocansi.

Kodwa-ke ocwaningweni lwango-2017, iCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ithole ukuthi abafundi bezikole zamabanga aphezulu bese bevele benza ucansi.

“Uma kukhulunywa ngokugqugquzela ukufundiswa ngezocansi, isithiyo esikhulu impela ukuthambekela kwamasiko ezwe lethu okugwema izingxoxo eziphathelene nezocansi ngokuphelele, noma ukukhuluma kuphela ngocansi nezocansi ngezindlela ezingezinhle noma ezihlazisayo,” kuchaza uJennifer Driver, Inqubomgomo Kahulumeni ye-SIECUS Umqondisi.

"Kunzima ukuqinisekisa impilo nenhlalakahle yomuntu wezocansi lapho, kaningi kakhulu, sintula ulimi olufanele, oluqinisekisayo nolungenamahloni ukukhuluma ngocansi kwasekuqaleni," esho.

Ukuvimbela izifo zocansi

Ngo-2016, cishe ikota yawo wonke amacala amasha e-HIV e-United States ayenziwa ngabantu abasha, ngokwe-CDC. Abantu abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-24 nabo benza ama-STI amasha abikwa e-United States unyaka nonyaka.

Yingakho kumayelana nokuthi kunhlolovo yethu - lapho ubakaki wobudala obungu-18 kuya ku-29 wakha cishe amaphesenti angama-30 ababambiqhaza bethu - lapho bebuzwa ukuthi i-HIV ingasakazeka ngamathe, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwababili uphendule ngokungalungile.

Muva nje, i-United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) ishicilele ucwaningo oluthi izinhlelo zokufunda ngocansi oluphelele (CSE) azigcini nje ngokwandisa impilo nenhlalakahle yezingane nentsha, kepha zisizile ukuvimbela i-HIV kanye nezifo ezithathelana ngokocansi kanjalo.

Umshayeli ucaphuna iNetherlands njengesibonelo esihle sezinzuzo ezivela ezinhlelweni ze-CSE. Izwe linikeza enye yezinhlelo ezihamba phambili zokufundisa ngocansi ngemiphumela ehambelana nayo yezempilo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokuvikeleka kwe-STI nokuvikela i-HIV.

Izwe lidinga inkambo ebanzi yemfundo yezocansi eqala esikoleni samabanga aphansi. Futhi imiphumela yalezi zinhlelo iyazikhulumela.

INetherlands inezinga eliphansi kunawo wonke le-HIV ngamaphesenti ayi-0.2 abantu abadala abaneminyaka yobudala eyi-15 kuye kwengama-49.

Izibalo zikhombisa nokuthi amaphesenti angama-85 abantu abasha kuleli babike ukuthi basebenzise izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngesikhathi behlangana okokuqala ngocansi, kanti izinga lokukhulelwa kwentsha liphansi, kwaba ngu-4.5 kwengu-1 000 kwentsha.

Yize uDriver evuma ukuthi i-United States ayikwazi nje "ukwamukela zonke izenzo ezihlobene nemfundo yezocansi ezenzeka eNetherlands," iyavuma ukuthi kungenzeka ukubheka emazweni athatha indlela efanayo ukuthola imibono.

Imibono eyiphutha yokuvikela ukukhulelwa

Uma kukhulunywa ngezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo, futhi ikakhulukazi izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo eziphuthumayo, ucwaningo lwethu luthole ukuthi kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha yokuthi lezi zindlela zokuvimbela zisebenza kanjani.

Amaphesenti angama-93 abaphendulile bethu ahlulekile ukuphendula kahle ukuthi zingaki izinsuku ngemuva kokukhulelwa kokukhulelwa okuphuthumayo okuvumelekile. Iningi labantu lithe lisebenza kuphela kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbili ngemuva kokwenza ucansi.

Eqinisweni, "amaphilisi okusa ekuseni" njengePulani B angasiza ekunqandeni ukukhulelwa okungafuneki uma kuthathwe izinsuku ezi-5 ngemuva kocansi nokuncipha kwengozi okungamaphesenti angama-89.

Okunye ukungaqondi mayelana nezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo eziphuthumayo kufaka phakathi amaphesenti angama-34 alabo abavotelwe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphuza iphilisi lokusa ekuseni kungadala ukungabi nenzalo, kanti ikota labaphenduli bakholelwa ukuthi kungadala isisu.

Eqinisweni, amaphesenti angama-70 alabo okwaxoxwa nabo ayengazi ukuthi iphilisi limisa okwesikhashana ukuphuma kweqanda, okuvimbela ukukhishwa kweqanda ukuba livundiswe.

Ukuthi le mbono eyiphutha mayelana nokuthi ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngomlomo isebenza kanjani iyinkinga yobulili akucaci kahle. Okuqondakalayo, nokho, ukuthi kusenomsebenzi okusamele wenziwe.

Yize uDriver ebalula i-Affordable Care Act njengesibonelo esisodwa se-push for free and accessible control and contraception, akaqiniseki ukuthi lokhu kwanele.

"Ukuhlukumezeka kwamasiko, njengoba kuboniswa yizimpi ezimbalwa ezisemthethweni kanye nokwanda kwezimpikiswano zomphakathi - okuthe, ngeshwa kwahlanganiswa ukulawulwa kokuzalwa nokukhipha isisu - kukhombisa ukuthi umphakathi wethu awujabule ngokwamukela ngokuphelele ubulili besifazane," uyachaza.

Amaphesenti angama-93 abaphenduli bethu abakwazanga ukuphendula kahle ukuthi zingaki izinsuku ngemuva kokuvimbela inzalo yezimo eziphuthumayo evumelekile.

Ulwazi ngobulili

Lapho uyiphula phansi ngobulili, ubani owazi kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngocansi?

Ucwaningo lwethu lukhombise ukuthi amaphesenti angama-65 abesifazane aphendule yonke imibuzo kahle, kanti isibalo sabahlanganyeli besilisa besingamaphesenti angama-57.

Yize lezi zibalo zingezimbi ngokwemvelo, iqiniso lokuthi amaphesenti angama-35 wamadoda abambe iqhaza ocwaningweni akholelwa ukuthi abesifazane abakwazi ukukhulelwa ngenkathi besesikhathini kuyinkomba yokuthi zisekhona izindlela okufanele zenziwe - ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuqondeni ubulili besifazane.

“Kumele senze i- okuningi yomsebenzi wokushintsha izinganekwane ezigcwele, ikakhulukazi ezocansi lwabesifazane, ”kuchaza uDriver.

“Kusekhona isibonelelo samasiko sokuthi abesilisa babe ngabantu bezocansi, kuyilapho abesifazane behlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphindwe kabili maqondana nobulili babo. Futhi le mbono eyiphutha osekuyisikhathi eside ngokungangabazeki inegalelo ekudidekeni okuzungeze imizimba yabesifazane nempilo yabesifazane yezocansi, ”usho kanje.

Ukuchazwa kwemvume

Kusukela ekunyakazeni kwe- # MeToo kuya ecaleni likaChristine Blasey Ford, kusobala ukuthi ukudala izingxoxo eziseduze nokunikeza ulwazi mayelana nemvume yezocansi akukaze kubaluleke kangako.

Okutholakele ocwaningweni lwethu kukhombisa ukuthi nalokhu kunjalo. Kubaphenduli abaneminyaka eyi-18 kuye kwengama-29, amaphesenti ayi-14 asakholelwa ukuthi omunye obalulekile unelungelo lokuya ocansini.

Le bracket yeminyaka ethile ibimele iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke elinokuqonda okuncane ukuthi yini eyimvume.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikota yabo bonke abaphendulile iphendule umbuzo ofanayo ngokungalungile, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi imvume iyasebenza uma umuntu ethi yebo yize ephuzile, noma uma omunye umuntu engavumi nhlobo.

Lokhu okutholakele, maqondana nokuthi kungenzeka kanjani, akufanele kusimangaze. Kuze kube manje, yizifundazwe eziyisithupha kuphela ezidinga ukufundiswa ukufaka imininingwane yemvume, kusho uDriver.

Yize kunjalo ucwaningo lwe-UNESCO olukhulume ngaphambilini lubalula izinhlelo ze-CSE njengendlela ephumelelayo “yokuhlomisa abantu abasha ngolwazi namakhono okwenza izinqumo ezibhekele impilo yabo.”

Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukisa “ukuhlalutya, ukuxhumana, namanye amakhono empilo kwezempilo nenhlalakahle maqondana… nodlame olusekelwe ebulilini, imvume, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, kanye nemikhuba eyingozi.”

Kwabaphenduli abaneminyaka eyi-18 kuye kwengama-29, amaphesenti ayi-14 akholelwa ukuthi omunye obalulekile unelungelo lokuya ocansini.

Yini elandelayo?

Yize imiphumela yocwaningo lwethu ikhombisa ukuthi kuningi okudinga ukwenziwa ngokuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo ze-CSE esikoleni, kunobufakazi bokuthi iMelika ihamba ngendlela efanele.

Ucwaningo lwePlanned Parenthood Federation of America olwenziwe kulo nyaka luveze ukuthi amaphesenti angama-98 alabo abavotayo asekela imfundo yezocansi esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, kuyilapho amaphesenti angama-89 eyeseka esikoleni esiphakathi.

"Siphansi eminyakeni engama-30 yokukhulelwa okungahlosiwe kuleli lizwe futhi siphansi ngokomlando ngokukhulelwa kwentsha," kusho uDawn Laguens, iphini likamongameli omkhulu wePlanned Parenthood.

"Ukufundiswa ngocansi nokuthola izinsiza zokuhlela umndeni kubaluleke kakhulu ekusizeni intsha ukuthi ihlale iphephile futhi iphilile - manje akusona isikhathi sokubuyela kuleyo nqubekelaphambili."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SIECUS igqugquzela izinqubomgomo ezizodala ukusakazwa kwezimali okokuqala ngqa kwezemfundo yezemfundo ezikoleni.

Basebenza futhi ukuqwashisa ngesidingo sokwengeza nokwenza ngcono ukufinyelela kwabantu abasha ababhekelwe ezinsizakalweni zezempilo zocansi nokuzala.

"Imfundo yocansi ebanzi ezikoleni kumele ihlinzeke ngamaqiniso nemininingwane esekwe kwezempilo egcwalisa futhi yengeze imfundo yezocansi etholwa yizingane ezivela emindenini yazo, emaqenjini ezenkolo nasemphakathini, nakwezempilo," kuchaza uDriver.

“Singakhuphula ulwazi lwezempilo kwezocansi kubantu konke Iminyaka ngokumane uyiphathe njenganoma yisiphi esinye isici sempilo. Kufanele sikuqinisekise impela ukuthi ezocansi ziyingxenye eyisisekelo futhi ejwayelekile yokuba ngumuntu, ”uyanezela.