I-Botulism: kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ze-botulism
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Ungakugwema kanjani

I-Botulism yisifo esibi kodwa esingajwayelekile esidalwa isenzo se-botulinum toxin esikhiqizwa yigciwane IClostridium botulinum, engatholakala enhlabathini nasekudleni okungalondoloziwe kahle. Ukutheleleka ngaleli gciwane kungadala izimpawu zesisu, njengesicanucanu, ukugabha nohudo, futhi, uma kuyekwa kungalashwa, kungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwemisipha.

Ngokwendlela ubuthi namagciwane abangena ngayo emzimbeni, lesi sifo singahlukaniswa sibe:

• I-botulism yokudla, lapho abantu bethola ibhaktheriya ngokudla ukudla okungcolisiwe noma okungagcinwanga kahle;
• Inxeba le-botulism, lapho IClostridium botulinum ithelela umuntu ngokungcoliswa kwamanxeba, ikakhulukazi izilonda ezingalapheki, ukuqhekeka noma amanxeba abangelwa izinaliti ekujova abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa;
• I-botulism yamathumbu, lapho amabhaktheriya azilungisa khona emathunjini futhi aziphindaphinde, ngokukhiqizwa kobuthi nokumuncwa komzimba. Lolu hlobo lwe-botulism luvame kakhulu kubantu abahlinzwe emathunjini, abanesifo sikaCrohn noma asebenzise ama-antibiotic isikhathi eside, okuguqula i-microbiota yamathumbu.

Kubalulekile ukuthi i-botulism ikhonjwe ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-microbiological ukuze kuqalwe ukwelashwa nokuvikela ukuqhubeka kwesifo, okungadala ukukhubazeka noma ukufa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zeBotulism zivame ukuvela phakathi kwamahora ama-4 nama-36 ngemuva kokungena kobuthi emzimbeni. Ukuphakama kokuhlushwa kobuthi egazini, lapho kuvela khona izimpawu ngokushesha, okuyinhloko:

• Umlomo owomile;
• Umbono ophindwe kabili;
• Ukuwa kwejwabu leso eliphezulu;
• Kunzima ukugxila umbono ezintweni eziseduze;
• Isicanucanu;
• Imfiva;
• Ukuhlanza;
• Amajaqamba;
• Uhudo;
• Kunzima ukukhuluma nokugwinya;
• Ubuthakathaka obuqhubekayo bemisipha yokuphefumula;
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha yomlenze.

Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izimpawu ziba nzima kakhulu futhi ziqede amandla, ikakhulu ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha yokuphefumula, okuholela ekubeni nobunzima ekuphefumuleni, okungadala ukufa ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula.

Endabeni ye-botulism yezinsana, ebonakala ngokungena kwamagciwane emzimbeni nokukhiqizwa okwalandela kobuthi, isithombe somtholampilo singahluka kusukela ekuqunjelweni okuncane kuya ekufeni okungazelelwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhomba i-botulism ezimpawu zokuqala ukuze kwenziwe ukwelashwa. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-baby botulism.

Izimbangela ze-botulism

I-Botulism ibangelwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kokudla okungcoliswe yigciwane kanye nobuthi bayo. Imbangela enkulu ye-botulism yezinsana ukusetshenziswa koju ngaphambi konyaka wokuqala weminyaka, ngoba kulesi sigaba ingane ayikabi nawo amasosha omzimba athuthukiswe kahle, athambekele ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane angosomathuba.

Ukulondolozwa okuzenzela nakho kubonisa ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka nge IClostridium botulinum, ngoba ubukhona bomswakama nezakhi zomzimba futhi lapho kungekho umoya-mpilo amabhaktheriya angaphindaphindeka futhi akhiqize ubuthi obukwazi ukumelana nama-enzyme wokugaya umzimba, okuholele ekufakweni kobuthi ekudleni.

Imifino, inhlanzi, izithelo nezinongo yimithombo yokudla ejwayelekile kakhulu. Inyama yenkomo, imikhiqizo yobisi, inyama yengulube nezinkukhu nokunye ukudla nakho kungaqukatha amagciwane noma ubuthi be-botulinum. Nakhu ukuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukungcoliswa kokudla.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-botulism kwenziwa udokotela ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kwezimpawu ezethulwe yisiguli, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwegazi noma indle ekhombisa ubukhona begciwane emzimbeni. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwalesi sifo, kuqala ukwelashwa futhi kufanele kwenziwe, okungcono, endaweni yesibhedlela kusuka ekuphathweni kwe-anti-botulinum serum ehlose ukunciphisa imiphumela yobuthi emzimbeni. Qonda ukuthi i-botulism iphathwa kanjani.

Ungakugwema kanjani

Indlela engcono yokuvikela i-botulism ukuhlanza ukudla ngaphambi kokukupheka nokukudla, ngaphezu kokunaka izimo zokugcina, ungakushiyi ukudla endaweni enezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-15ºC, ngokwesibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi ugweme ukudla ukudla okusemathinini okusemathinini noma kwizingilazi, noma okushintsha iphunga noma ukubukeka kokudla.