Ukuvinjelwa kweSickle Cell Anemia

-Delile

• Yini i-sickle cell anemia?
• Ingabe i-SCA iyavikeleka?
• Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ngiphethe ufuzo?
• Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuqiniseka ukuthi ngeke ngidlulise isakhi sofuzo?
• Okubalulekile

Yini i-sickle cell anemia?

I-Sickle cell anemia (i-SCA), kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-sickle cell disease, yisifo segazi esidala ukuthi umzimba wakho wenze uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwe-hemoglobin ebizwa nge-hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin ethwala umoya-mpilo futhi itholakala kumaseli abomvu egazi (RBCs).

Ngenkathi ama-RBC evame ukuba yindilinga, i-hemoglobin S ibangela ukuthi abunjwe ngo-C, abenze babukeke njengesikela. Lesi sakhiwo sibenza baqine, kubavimbele ekugoba nasekuguqukeni lapho uhamba emithanjeni yakho yegazi.

Ngenxa yalokho, bayakwazi ukubambeka futhi bavimbe ukuhamba kwegazi ngemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungadala ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi kube nemiphumela ehlala njalo ezithweni zakho.

IHemoglobin S nayo yehla ngokushesha futhi ayikwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo omningi njenge-hemoglobin ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abane-SCA banamazinga aphansi e-oxygen nama-RBC ambalwa. Kokubili lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene.

Ingabe i-SCA iyavikeleka?

I-Sickle cell anemia yisimo sofuzo abantu abazalwa benaso, okusho ukuthi ayikho indlela "yokuyibamba" komunye umuntu. Noma kunjalo, awudingi ukuba ne-SCA ukuze ingane yakho ibe nayo.

Uma une-SCA, lokhu kusho ukuthi uzuze izakhi zofuzo zeseli ezimbili - eyodwa evela kumama wakho kanti eyodwa ivela kukayihlo. Uma ungenayo i-SCA kodwa abanye abantu emndenini wakho banakho, kungenzeka ukuthi uzuze ifa elilodwa kuphela leseli lesikela. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge-sickle cell trait (SCT). Abantu abane-SCT baphatha kuphela isakhi sofuzo esisodwa se-sickle cell.

Ngenkathi i-SCT ingabangeli zimpawu noma izinkinga zempilo, ukuba nayo kwandisa amathuba okuthi ingane yakho ibe ne-SCA. Isibonelo, uma umlingani wakho ene-SCA noma i-SCT, ingane yakho ingazuza izakhi zofuzo zeseli ezimbili, kubangele i-SCA.

Kepha wazi kanjani ukuthi uphatha isakhi sofuzo? Futhi kuthiwani ngezakhi zofuzo zomlingani wakho? Yilapho kungena khona ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomeluleki wezofuzo.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ngiphethe ufuzo?

Ungathola ukuthi ngabe uliphatha yini isakhi sofuzo ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula. Udokotela uzothatha inani elincane legazi emthanjeni awuhlaziye elebhu. Bazobheka ukuba khona kwe-hemoglobin S, uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwe-hemoglobin ebandakanyeka kwi-SCA.

Uma i-hemoglobin S ikhona, kusho ukuthi une-SCA noma i-SCT. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyiphi onayo, udokotela uzolandela okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa nge-hemoglobin electrophoresis. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hemoglobin esampula encane yegazi lakho.

Uma bebona kuphela i-hemoglobin S, une-SCA. Kepha uma bebona i-hemoglobin S ne-hemoglobin ejwayelekile, une-SCT.

Uma unanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomlando womndeni we-SCA futhi uhlela ukuba nezingane, lokhu kuhlolwa okulula kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono amathuba akho okudlulisa isakhi sofuzo. Uhlobo lwe-sickle cell luvame kakhulu kubantu abathile.

Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control, i-SCT iphakathi kwabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika. Kutholakala kaningi kubantu abanezinyanya ezivela:

• i-sub-Saharan Africa
• i-South America
• IMelika Ephakathi
• eCaribbean
• I-Saudi Arabia
• India
• Amazwe aseMedithera, njenge-Italy, iGrisi neTurkey

Uma ungenaso isiqiniseko ngomlando wakho womndeni kodwa ucabanga ukuthi ungawela kwelinye lala maqembu, cabanga ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uqiniseke.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuqiniseka ukuthi ngeke ngidlulise isakhi sofuzo?

Izakhi zofuzo ziyindida. Noma ngabe wena nomlingani wakho nihlolwa futhi nitholakala nobabili niphethe ufuzo, ngabe lokhu kusho ukuthini empeleni ezinganeni zenu zesikhathi esizayo? Ngabe kusaphephile yini ukuba nezingane? Ingabe kufanele ucabangele ezinye izinketho, njengokutholwa?

Umeluleki wezofuzo angakusiza ukuthi uzulazule kuyo yomibili imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nemibuzo evela kamuva. Uma ubheka imiphumela yokuhlolwa evela kuwe nakumlingani wakho, bangakunika imininingwane ethe xaxa mayelana namathuba okuthi ingane yakho ibe ne-SCT noma i-SCA.

Ukuthola ukuthi noma yiziphi izingane zesikhathi esizayo nomlingani wakho zingaba ne-SCA nakho kungaba nzima ukucubungula. Abeluleki bezofuzo bangakusiza ukuthi uzulazule kule mizwa futhi ucabangele zonke izinketho ongazithola.

Uma uhlala e-United States noma eCanada, iNational Society of Genetic Counsellors inethuluzi lokukusiza ekutholeni umeluleki wezofuzo endaweni yangakini.

Okubalulekile

I-SCA yisimo esizuzwe njengefa, okwenza kube nzima ukusivimba. Kepha uma ukhathazekile ngokuba nengane ene-SCA, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazithatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke babe ne-SCA. Khumbula, izingane zizuza izakhi zofuzo kubo bobabili abalingani, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi umlingani wakho uthatha lezi zinyathelo futhi.