Izimpawu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

-Delile

• Yini okufanele uyenze uma kukhona okusolisayo
• Ubani osengozini enkulu yomdlavuza
• Isigaba somdlavuza wesibeletho
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. Ukulungiselela isisu
• 2. I-Hysterectomy
• 3. I-Trachelectomy
• 4. Intukuthelo yomzimba
• 5. I-Radiotherapy neChemotherapy

Imvamisa azikho izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, iningi lamacala akhonjwayo ngesikhathi sePap smear noma kuphela ezigabeni zomdlavuza ezithuthuke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokwazi ukuthi ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana njalo nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane ukuze enze i-pap smear futhi aqale ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uma kukhonjisiwe.

Kodwa-ke, lapho kubangela izimpawu, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungadala izimpawu ezinjenge:

1. Ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngaphandle kwesizathu okusobala nokuphuma esikhathini;
2. Ukukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okushintshiwe, ngephunga elibi noma umbala onsundu, isibonelo;
3. Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo besisu noma be-pelvic, okungaba kubi kakhulu lapho usebenzisa indlu yangasese noma ngesikhathi sokuxhumana okusondelene;
4. Ukuzwa ingcindeziphansi kwesisu;
5. Isifiso esengeziwe sokuchama, ngisho nasebusuku;
6. Rapid kwesisindo ngaphandle kokudla.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho owesifazane enesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho esithuthukile, kungavela nezinye izimpawu, njengokukhathala ngokweqile, ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala emilenzeni, kanye nokulahlekelwa ngumchamo noma kwendle ngokungazibandakanyi.

Lezi zimpawu nazo zingabangelwa ezinye izinkinga, njenge-candidiasis noma ukutheleleka kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, futhi kungenzeka zingahlobene nomdlavuza, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okulungile. Bheka izimpawu ezi-7 ezingakhombisa ezinye izinkinga esibelethweni.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma kukhona okusolisayo

Lapho kuvela ezingaphezu kwesisodwa salezi zimpawu, kungakuhle uye kudokotela wezifo zabesifazane ukuthola izivivinyo zokuxilongwa njenge-pap smears nomacolposcopy nge biopsy izicubu zesibeletho bese uhlola ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi lezi zivivinyo zenziwa kanjani.

I-Pap smear kumele yenziwe minyaka yonke iminyaka emithathu elandelanayo. Uma kungekho shintsho, isivivinyo kufanele senziwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yomdlavuza

Umdlavuza wesibeletho uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abane:

• Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, njenge-chlamydia noma i-gonorrhea;
• Ukutheleleka nge-HPV;
• Abalingani abaningi bezocansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abasebenzisa izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo iminyaka eminingi nabo basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza, futhi uma isikhathi sisetshenziswa isikhathi eside, iba sengozini enkulu yomdlavuza.

Isigaba somdlavuza wesibeletho

Ngemuva kokwenza ukuxilongwa, udokotela uvame ukuhlukanisa umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngokwesigaba sokukhula kwawo:

• Tx:Akukhonjwa isimila sokuqala;
• T0: Akunabufakazi besimila sokuqala;
• I-Tis noma i-0: I-Carcinoma in situ.

Isigaba 1:

• T1 noma mina: I-carcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho esibelethweni kuphela;
• I-T1 a noma i-IA: I-carcinoma ehlaselayo, etholakala kuphela nge-microscopy;
• I-T1 a1 noma i-IA1: Ukuhlasela kwe-Stromal kuze kufike ku-3 mm ukujula noma kuze kufike ku-7 mm ngokuvundlile;
• I-T1 a2 noma i-IA2: Ukuhlasela ngamandla phakathi kuka-3 no-5 mm ukujula noma kuze kufike ku-7 mm ngokuvundlile;
• I-T1b noma i-IB: Isilonda esibonakala emtholampilo, kuphela kumlomo wesibeletho, noma isilonda esincane kakhulu kune-T1a2 noma i-IA2;
• I-T1b1 noma i-IB1: Isilonda esibonakalayo emtholampilo esino-4 cm noma ngaphansi ngobukhulu baso;
• I-T1b2 IB2: Isilonda esibonakalayo emtholampilo esingaphezu kuka-4 cm.

Isigaba 2:

• T2 noma II: Isimila sitholakala ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesibeletho, kepha asifinyeleli odongeni lwenqenqemeni noma engxenyeni engezansi yesitho sangasese sowesifazane;
• I-T2a noma i-IIA:Ngaphandle kokuhlasela kweparametrium;
• I-T2b noma i-IIB: Ngokuhlasela kweparametrium.

Isigaba 3:

• T3 noma III:Isimila esifinyelela odongeni lwenqenqemeni, siyekethise ingxenye engezansi yesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma sidale ushintsho ezinso;
• I-T3a noma i-IIIA:Isimila esithinta ingxenye yesithathu engezansi yesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ngaphandle kokunwetshwa odongeni lwezitho zangasese;
• I-T3b noma i-IIIB: Isimila esifinyelela odongeni lwesisu, noma esidala ushintsho ezinso

Isigaba 4:

• I-T4 noma i-VAT: Isimila esihlasela isinye noma i-rectal mucosa, noma esidlulela ngale kwe-pelvis.

Ngaphezu kokwazi uhlobo lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho owesifazane anawo, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ama-lymph node kanye nama-metastases athintekile noma cha, ngoba kuyasiza ukuthola uhlobo lokwelashwa okufanele owesifazane akwenze.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kuncike esigabeni esikuso isimila, noma ngabe kukhona imastastases yalesi sifo, ubudala nempilo ejwayelekile yowesifazane.

Izinketho zokwelashwa eziyinhloko zifaka:

1. Ukulungiselela isisu

I-Conization iqukethe ukususwa kwengxenye encane emise okwenziwe ngesigaxa somlomo wesibeletho. Yize kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza i-biopsy futhi iqinisekise ukutholakala komdlavuza, i-conization nayo ingabhekwa njengendlela yokwelashwa okujwayelekile ezimweni ze-HSIL, okuyisilonda esisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu le-intraepithelial lesion, esingathathwa njengomdlavuza, kepha ingashintsha ibe umdlavuza. Bona ukuthi isibeletho sihlanganiswa kanjani.

2. I-Hysterectomy

I-Hysterectomy uhlobo oluphambili lokuhlinzwa olukhonjiswe ekwelashweni komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, olungasetshenziswa ezigabeni zokuqala noma ezisezingeni eliphakeme futhi okuvame ukwenziwa ngenye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ingqikithi ye-hysterectomy: isusa kuphela isibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho futhi kungenziwa ngokusika isisu, nge-laparoscopy noma ngomsele wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho esigabeni IA1 noma isigaba 0.
• I-hysterectomy enamandla: ngaphezu kwesibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho, ingxenye ephezulu yesitho sangasese sowesifazane nezicubu ezizungezile, ezingathinteka ngumdlavuza, nazo ziyasuswa. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlinzekwa kunconywa amacala omdlavuza ngezigaba ze-IA2 ne-IB, okwenziwa kuphela ngokusika isisu.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kuzo zombili izinhlobo ze-hysterectomy amaqanda kanye namashubhu asuswa kuphela uma nawo ethintekile ngumdlavuza noma uma enezinye izinkinga. Bona izinhlobo ze-hysterectomy nokunakekelwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

3. I-Trachelectomy

I-Trachelectomy olunye uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olususa kuphela umlomo wesibeletho nengxenye yesithathu engenhla yesitho sangasese, okushiya umzimba wesibeletho unganyakazi, okuvumela owesifazane ukuthi akwazi ukukhulelwa ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Imvamisa, lokhu kuhlinzwa kusetshenziswa ezimeni zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ezitholwe kusenesikhathi futhi, ngakho-ke, azikathinti ezinye izakhiwo.

4. Intukuthelo yomzimba

Ukuqina kwe-pelvic kungukuhlinzwa okubanzi okungakhonjiswa ezimweni lapho umdlavuza ubuya futhi uthinte ezinye izifunda. Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, kukhishwa isibeletho, umlomo wesibeletho, i-ganglia ye-pelvis, futhi kungadingeka futhi ukukhipha ezinye izitho ezinjengamaqanda, amashubhu, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, isinye nengxenye yokuphela kwamathumbu.

5. I-Radiotherapy neChemotherapy

Ukwelashwa nge-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy kungasetshenziswa ngaphambi nangemva kokwelapha, ukusiza ukulwa nomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi uma kusezigabeni ezithuthukile noma lapho kune-metastases yesimila.