Okudingayo ukwazi ngoHlelo Lokuphefumula

-Delile

• I-anatomy yesistimu yokuphefumula
• Ukuphefumula kwenzeka kanjani
• Izifo ezithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula
• Uzoya nini kudokotela
• Udokotela owelapha izifo zokuphefumula

Inhloso enkulu yokuphefumula ukuletha umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke amaseli asemzimbeni nokususa isikhutha esiwumphumela we-oxygen esivele isetshenziswa amaseli.

Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke kukhona ugqozi, okuyilapho umoya ungena emaphashini, nomoya, okuyilapho umoya uphuma khona emaphashini, futhi yize le nqubo yenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, miningi imininingwane ethintekayo.

I-anatomy yesistimu yokuphefumula

Ngokuya nge-anatomy, izitho ezibhekele ukuphefumula kubantu yilezi:

• Izimbotshana acinene: Ubhekele ukuhlunga izinhlayiya zomoya, ukulawula izinga lokushisa lapho umoya ufinyelela khona emaphashini, nokubona iphunga nokuba khona kwamagciwane noma amabhaktheriya. Lapho ubona ukutholakala kwalezi zinambuzane ezincane, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba 'luvala' izimbobo zamakhala, kubangele 'ikhala eligcwele'.
• Ipharynx, umphimbo kanye ne-trachea: Ngemuva kokudlula emigodini ekhaleni, umoya uyiswa kwi-larynx, lapho kukhona khona imisipha yezwi, bese ubhekiswa kudoti ohlukaniswe kabili, uze ufinyelele emaphashini: kwesokudla nangakwesobunxele. I-trachea yishubhu eliqukethe amasongo e-cartilaginous kulo lonke isakhiwo salo, elisebenza ngendlela evikelayo, eliyivimba ukuthi lingavali lapho umuntu ejika intamo ngohlangothi, ngokwesibonelo.
• IBronchi: Ngemuva koqhoqhoqho, umoya ufinyelela kubronchi, okuyizakhiwo ezimbili, ezifana nesihlahla esibhekiswe phansi, yingakho sibizwa nangokuthi isihlahla se-bronchial. I-bronchi iphinde ihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezincane, okungama-bronchioles, agcwele i-cilia futhi akhiqize i-mucus (phlegm) esebenza ukuqeda ama-microorganisms.
• I-Alveoli: Isakhiwo sokugcina sohlelo lokuphefumula yi-alveoli, exhunywe ngqo emithanjeni yegazi. Lapha umoya-mpilo udlulela egazini, lapho ungafinyelela kuwo wonke amaseli asemzimbeni. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukushintshaniswa kwegesi, ngoba ngaphezu kokungenisa umoya-mpilo egazini, isusa isikhutha, esikhona egazini. Igazi elinothe nge-oxygen litholakala emithanjeni, kuyilapho igazi 'elingcolile', eligcwele isikhutha, likhona emithanjeni. Njengoba ukhipha, yonke i-carbon dioxide iyakhishwa emzimbeni.

Ukusiza ekuhambeni komoya kukhona nemisipha yokuphefumula (i-intercostal) ne-diaphragm.

Ukuphefumula kwenzeka kanjani

Ukuphefumula kwenzeka ngendlela engokwemvelo, ngoba ingane izalwa, ngaphandle kokukhumbula, ngoba ilawulwa yisistimu yezinzwa ezizimele. Ukuze kwenzeke ukuphefumula, umuntu uphefumula umoya osemkhathini, odlula ngefossae yamakhala, udabule umphimbo, umphimbo, uqhoqhoqho, futhi lapho ufinyelela emaphashini, umoya usadlula kwi-bronchi, i-bronchioles, uze ugcine ufinyelela e-alveoli, lapho umoya-mpilo udlula khona ngqo igazi. Nakhu okwenzekayo:

• Ngokuphefumulelwa: imisipha ye-intercostal phakathi kwenkontileka yezimbambo ne-diaphragm yehla, yandisa isikhala samaphaphu ukugcwala umoya, nokucindezela kwangaphakathi kuyehla;
• Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi: imisipha ye-intercostal ne-diaphragm kuyakhululeka futhi uvalo luyakhuphuka, ivolumu yezimbambo iyancipha, umfutho wangaphakathi uyanda, futhi umoya uphuma emaphashini.

Ukuphefumula kwenzeka lapho kuba noshintsho ohlelweni lokuphefumula, oluvimbela ukungena noma ukuphuma komoya, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukushintshaniswa kwegesi akusebenzi, futhi igazi liqala ukuba ne-carbon dioxide eningi, kune-oxygen.

Izifo ezithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula

Ezinye izibonelo zezifo zohlelo lokuphefumula yilezi:

Umkhuhlane noma amakhaza: kwenzeka lapho amagciwane engena ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Emakhazeni, igciwane lisezimbotsheni zamakhala kuphela futhi lingafinyelela ku-pharynx, lidale ukuminyana kwamakhala nokungakhululeki. Endabeni yomkhuhlane, igciwane lingafinyelela emaphashini ngomkhuhlane kanye nephlegm eningi esifubeni. Yazi ukuthi ziyini nokuthi ungazelapha kanjani izimpawu zomkhuhlane

Isifuba Somoya: kwenzeka ngezikhathi lapho umuntu enokwehla kwe-bronchi noma i-bronchioles, ngokukhiqizwa okuncane kwe-mucus. umoya udlula kanzima kulezi zinhlaka futhi umuntu ukhipha umsindo ophakeme kakhulu ngokuhogela ngakunye.

I-bronchitis: kubangela ukusikwa nokuvuvukala kwe-bronchi ne-bronchioles. Umphumela walokhu kuvuvukala ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus, engaxoshwa ngesimo se-phlegm, kepha futhi engaginywa lapho ifinyelela ku-pharynx, iqondiswe esiswini. Bheka izimpawu nokwelashwa kwe-asthmatic bronchitis

Ukungezwani komzimba: kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba womuntu esebenza kakhulu futhi eqonda ukuthi izinto ezithile ezikhona emoyeni ziyingozi kakhulu empilweni, okudala izimpawu zokuxwayisa noma nini lapho umuntu ehlaselwa uthuli, amakha noma impova.

Inyumoniya: imvamisa kubangelwa ukungena kwamagciwane noma amabhaktheriya, kepha kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinto zangaphandle, ukudla okusele noma ukugabha ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu, kubangele umkhuhlane nokuphefumula kanzima. Umkhuhlane ungaba mubi kakhulu futhi ubangele inyumoniya, kepha amakhaza awanalo lelo thuba. Hlola zonke izimpawu nezimpawu ze-pneumonia

Isifo sofuba: imvamisa kwenzeka lapho i-bacillus ingena emaphashini ngemigwaqo yomoya, idala umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela nge-phlegm eningi, kwesinye isikhathi negazi. Lesi sifo siyathathelana kakhulu futhi sidlula emoyeni ngokuxhumana nezimfihlo zomuntu ogulayo. Ukwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba i-bacillus ingafinyelela egazini futhi isabalale emzimbeni wonke, idale isifo sofuba ngaphandle kwamaphaphu.

Uzoya nini kudokotela

Noma kunini lapho kunezimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula kanzima, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukushisa komzimba, ukukhwehlela nge-phlegm ngegazi noma ngaphandle kwalo, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze lochwepheshe akwazi ukuhlola lowo muntu futhi abone ukuthi unasiphi isifo, nokuthi yimuphi umuthi okukhonjiswe kakhulu, ngoba ingasebenzisa imishanguzo elwa nokuvuvukala, ama-antibiotic, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ilaliswe esibhedlela.

Udokotela owelapha izifo zokuphefumula

Esimweni sezimpawu ezivamile ezifana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, ungenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela ojwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma ungakafiki kunoma yikuphi ukuqokwa ngenxa yezikhalazo zokuphefumula. Lo dokotela angalalela amaphaphu akho, ahlole umkhuhlane, futhi afune ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zezifo zokuphefumula. Kepha esimweni sezifo ezingalapheki, njengesifuba somoya noma i-bronchitis, kungakhonjiswa ukuthi kufunwe usizo kudokotela onguchwepheshe wezifo zomoya, ngoba usetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwelapha iziguli ezinalolu hlobo lwesifo, ngoqeqesho olukhulu lokuqondisa ukwelashwa nokulandela -up impilo yonke yomuntu.