Okufanele Ukwazi Ngokuhlolwa Umdlavuza Wesikhumba

-Delile

• Ufunani udokotela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Umthetho we-ABCDE wokuhlola isikhumba
• Yiziphi izincomo maqondana nokuthi ngubani okufanele ahlolwe?
• Yini ongayilindela ekuhlolweni komdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Kuthiwani ngokuzihlola kwesikhumba?
• Ungakwenza kanjani ukuzihlola kwesikhumba
• Izimpawu zokuxwayisa ngomdlavuza wesikhumba
• Okufanele ukwenze uma ucabanga ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa
• Okubalulekile

Umdlavuza wesikhumba uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza e-United States, oluthinta umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo.

Iningi lamacala omdlavuza wesikhumba yi-basal cell kanye ne-squamous cell carcinomas, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-nonmelanomas. Lezi zombili ziyelapheka kakhulu futhi azivamile ukubulala.

Olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba, i-melanoma, aluvamile kakhulu. Ithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-27 nowesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-40 empilweni yabo, ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Dermatology.

Ukubamba i-melanoma kusenesikhathi kubalulekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi isabalale futhi kube nzima ukuyelapha. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-melanoma inesilinganiso sokufa.

Kodwa ngezigaba zalo zokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba isabalale ngale kongqimba olungaphandle lwesikhumba, i-melanoma kulula kakhulu ukuyelapha. Yingakho ukuhlolwa njalo komdlavuza wesikhumba kubaluleke kakhulu uma usengozini yomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ake sihlole ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuhlola umdlavuza wesikhumba nezimpawu zokuxwayisa ukuthi kufanele ubone udokotela wakho.

Ufunani udokotela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba?

Ukuhlola umdlavuza kusho ukufuna umdlavuza kumuntu ongakhombisi ukuthi unomdlavuza. Uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza wesikhumba, lokho kusho ukuhlolwa komzimba kwesikhumba. Udokotela wesikhumba uqobo wenza lokhu.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, bazobheka okungajwayelekile njengoku:

• amaqhubu
• izilonda
• amabala esikhumba ahlukile kwesikhumba esizungezile
• izindawo zokuguqulwa kombala
• izilonda ezopha

Odokotela balandela umthetho we-ABCDE lapho behlola izimvukuzane zezimpawu zomdlavuza.

Umthetho we-ABCDE wokuhlola isikhumba

• A: i-asymmetry (imvukuzane yehlukile kwesigamu kuya kwesinye)
• B: okungahambi kahle emngceleni (umngcele ufiphele noma unama-ragged)
• C: Umbala awufani (kungaba imibala ehlukahlukene yesikhumba, nsundu, mnyama)
• D: ububanzi obungaphezu kwe-1/4 intshi
• E: ukuguquka (izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi)

Yiziphi izincomo maqondana nokuthi ngubani okufanele ahlolwe?

Abenzi izincomo noma abamelene nokuhlolwa kwabantu abangenazo izimpawu.

I-Skin Cancer Foundation incoma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba somzimba ogcwele ngokugcwele kanye ngonyaka, noma kaningi uma usengozini enkulu.

Isikhungo Somdlavuza Se-Memorial Sloan Kettering asincomi ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba okujwayelekile. Kepha isikhungo siyakweluleka ukubhekwa impilo yonke uma uke waba ne-melanoma esikhathini esedlule. Isikhungo sincoma nokuhlolwa kobungozi ngudokotela wesikhumba uma une:

• izihlobo zegazi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezike zaba ne-melanoma
• imvukuzane engaphezu kweyodwa (i-dysplastic nevi)
• izilonda ezingaphambi kwesikhathi ezibizwa nge-actinic keratoses

Uma usuvele unomdlavuza wesikhumba, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zomdlavuza wesikhumba zifaka:

• isikhumba esikhanyayo
• amabombo
• izinwele namehlo alula
• isikhumba esivutha kalula
• umlando wokushiswa yilanga kanzima
• ukuchayeka ngokweqile elangeni
• ukuchayeka emibhedeni yokushuka
• ama-moles amaningi
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphambilini noma okunye ukuvezwa yimisebe
• ukuvezwa kwe-arsenic
• ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okwandisa ubungozi be-melanoma

Yini ongayilindela ekuhlolweni komdlavuza wesikhumba?

Uma uhlelelwe ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba, nazi izinto ezimbalwa ukukusiza ulungiselele ukuhlolwa:

• Ungafaki izimonyo. Lokhu kuzovumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole kalula isikhumba ebusweni bakho.
• Susa noma iyiphi i-nail polish. Lokhu kuzovumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole ngokuphelele iminwe yakho, izinzipho, nemibhede yezipikili.
• Gcina izinwele zakho zikhululekile ukuze isikhumba sakho sezinwele sihlolwe.
• Qaphela noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka, njengamabala esikhumba, amabala, noma ama-moles, bese ukhomba lokho kudokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlolwa kwesikhumba, uzodinga ukukhumula zonke izingubo zakho bese ugqoka ingubo. Ngokuya ngengozi yakho yomdlavuza wesikhumba nomlando wezokwelapha, ungavunyelwa ukuthi ugcine izingubo zakho zangaphansi.

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwekhanda nozwane kuso sonke isikhumba sakho. Kungafaka isikhumba ezinqeni nasezitho zakho zangasese. Udokotela wakho cishe uzosebenzisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokukhulisa ingilazi ukuze ahlole isikhumba sakho kahle.

Uma udokotela wakho ethola noma yini esolisayo, bazothatha isinqumo sokuthi kufanele ihlolwe noma isuswe. Imvukuzane noma isampula lezicubu zingasuswa ngokushesha noma lapho kubuyelwa khona.

Izicubu zizothunyelwa elebhu ukubona ukuthi inamaseli womdlavuza yini. Udokotela wakho kufanele athole imiphumela kungakapheli isonto noma amabili, futhi azokwabelana nawe ngemiphumela.

Kuthiwani ngokuzihlola kwesikhumba?

Noma ngabe usengozini enkulu noma cha, ukuzijwayeza isikhumba sakho kuzuzisa kakhulu.

Ngokwenza izivivinyo zakho, uzokwazi ukubona izinguquko kusenesikhathi. Uma ubona okuthile okusolisayo, qiniseka ukuthi ulandelela i-dermatologist yakho ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, ukuzihlola njalo kwesikhumba kubaluleke kakhulu uma uke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba noma usengozini enkulu.

Ungakwenza kanjani ukuzihlola kwesikhumba

Hlela ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sakho egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle ngemuva kokugeza noma ukugeza.

Ngenkathi ubhekene nesibuko, hlola:

• ubuso bakho, izindlebe, intamo, isifuba, isisu
• ngaphansi kwamabele
• izikhali kanye nezinhlangothi zombili zezingalo
• izintende zezandla zakho nezihloko zezandla zakho, phakathi kweminwe, nangaphansi kwezinzipho

Hlala phansi ubheke:

• ingaphambili lamathanga akho nokucwebezela
• phezulu nangaphansi kwezinyawo zakho, phakathi kwezinzwani zakho, ngaphansi kwezinzipho

Ngesibuko sesandla, hlola:

• ngemuva kwamathole namathanga akho
• izinqa zakho nendawo yakho yobulili
• umhlane wakho ophansi nangaphezulu
• ngemuva kwentamo yakho nezindlebe
• isikhumba sakho sekhanda, usebenzisa ikama ukuhlukanisa izinwele zakho

Uma ngabe okokuqala ngqa ukwenza ukuzihlola kwakho, qaphela indlela ama-moles, amabala, nezici ezibukeka futhi zizwakale ngayo. Yazi okujwayelekile ukuze uzobona lapho okuthile kungavamile.

Ungathatha nezithombe uma kunendawo ofuna ukuyibuka. Phinda ukuhlolwa kanye ngenyanga.

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa ngomdlavuza wesikhumba

Noma ngabe kwenzeka ukuthi ubone okuthile okungajwayelekile noma wenza ukuzihlola kwakho, nazi izimpawu nezimpawu zezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Okwe-basal cell carcinoma:

• iqhubu elibukeka kabi
• isilonda esicaba, esinombala wenyama
• isilonda esinsundu esifana nesibazi
• isilonda esopha noma esinotwayi, bese siyaphola sibuye sibuye

Nge-squamous cell carcinoma:

• isibumbu esiqinile, esibomvu
• isilonda esiyisicaba esinendawo enesikhala noma enesigaxa

Okwe-melanoma:

• indawo enkulu ensundu enamachashazi amnyama
• imvukuzane eshintsha usayizi, umbala, noma imizwa
• imvukuzane eyopha
• isilonda esincane esinemingcele engalingani nokuhluka kombala
• isilonda esibuhlungu esinokulunywa noma sokusha
• izilonda ezimnyama ku:
  • iminwe
  • izintende
  • izinzwane
  • amathe
  • ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lumunce umlomo, ikhala, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, kanye nendunu

Okufanele ukwenze uma ucabanga ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe, khuluma nodokotela wakho oyinhloko, noma wenze isikhathi sokubona udokotela wesikhumba.

Qinisekisa ukusho uma ngabe kukhona izinguquko ozibonile esikhunjeni sakho. Kungasiza futhi ukuthatha isithombe sendawo yokukhathazeka ukuze udokotela wakho abheke izinguquko.

Okubalulekile

Izimo eziningi zomdlavuza wesikhumba ziyelapheka lapho zisheshe zabanjwa. I-Melanoma uhlobo olubi lomdlavuza wesikhumba othambekele ekusabalaleni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba lapho ungatholakali futhi welashwe kusenesikhathi.

Ukuhlolisiswa umdlavuza wesikhumba kuhilela ukuhlolisisa isikhumba. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngengozi yakho yokuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba nokuthi kufanele uhlolwe yini. Ungenza futhi i-aphoyintimenti yokubona udokotela wesikhumba.

Ukwenza izivivinyo zakho kuyindlela enhle yokujwayela isikhumba sakho. Uma ubona noma yini ekhathazayo, bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha.