Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Wena Noma Othile Omaziyo Kungenzeka Uphefumule Intuthu Eningi Kakhulu

-Delile

• Yini ebangela ukuhogela intuthu?
• I-asphyxiates elula
• Izinhlanganisela ezicasulayo
• Amakhemikhali adonsa umoya
• Izimpawu zokuhogela intuthu
• Khwehlela
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuhogela noma ukuphefumula okunomsindo
• Izinguquko zesikhumba
• Ukulimala kweso
• Ukwehla kokuqapha
• Cwilisa emakhaleni noma emphinjeni
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Usizo lokuqala lokuhogela intuthu
• Ukuxilongwa kwentuthu yokuphefumula intuthu
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Igesi yegazi eli-arterial (ABG)
• Pulse oximetry
• I-Bronchoscopy
• Ukwelashwa kwentuthu yokuphefumula
• Oxygen
• I-Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO)
• Imithi
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Ukwelashwa ekhaya
• Ukubuyiselwa kokuhogela intuthu nemiphumela yesikhathi eside nombono
• Ukuvimbela ukuhogela intuthu
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukubuka konke

Ngaphezu kwesigamu sokufa okuhlobene nomlilo kubangelwa ukuhogela intuthu, ngokusho kweBurn Institute. Ukuhogela intuthu kwenzeka lapho uphefumulela izinhlayiya zomusi eziyingozi namagesi. Ukuhogela intuthu eyingozi kungabhebhethekisa amaphaphu akho nomoya womoya, kubangele ukuvuvukala futhi kuvimbe umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kungaholela ekucindezelekeni okuphefumulayo kwesifo sokuphefumula kanye nokwehluleka ukuphefumula.

Ukuhogela intuthu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ubhajwe endaweni equkethwe, njengekhishi noma ikhaya, eduze komlilo. Imililo eminingi yenzeka emakhaya, imvamisa iphuma ekuphekeni, ezindaweni zokubasa umlilo nakuma-heaters, ukungasebenzi kahle kukagesi nokubhema.

Uma wena noma omunye umuntu ebesemlilweni futhi evezwe yintuthu noma ekhombisa izimpawu zokuphefumula intuthu, njengokuhlupheka ukuphefumula, izinwele zekhala ezishisiwe, noma ukusha, shayela u-911 ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela ukuhogela intuthu?

Izinto ezivuthayo, amakhemikhali, kanye namagesi adaliwe angadala ukuphefumula kwentuthu nge-asphyxiation elula (ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo), ukucasuka kwamakhemikhali, ukuphefumula kwamakhemikhali, noma inhlanganisela yazo. Izibonelo zifaka:

I-asphyxiates elula

Zimbili izindlela intuthu engakuphuca ngayo umoya-mpilo. Amandla omlilo asebenzisa umoya-mpilo oseduze komlilo, akushiye ungenawo umoya-mpilo wokuphefumula. Intuthu iqukethe nemikhiqizo, efana ne-carbon dioxide, edala ingozi ngokuqhubeka nokukhawulela inani lomoya-mpilo osemoyeni.

Izinhlanganisela ezicasulayo

Umlilo ungadala ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali alimaza isikhumba sakho nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Lawa makhemikhali angalimaza umgudu wakho wokuphefumula, abangele ukuvuvukala nokuwa komoya. I-Ammonia, i-sulfur dioxide, ne-chlorine yizibonelo zamakhemikhali acasulayo entuthu.

Amakhemikhali adonsa umoya

Amakhemikhali akhiqizwa emlilweni angadala ukulimala kwamaseli emzimbeni wakho ngokuphazamisa ukulethwa noma ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo. I-Carbon monoxide, okuyiyona imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa ekufuthweni kwentuthu, ingenye yalezi zinhlanganisela.

Ukulimala kwe-inhalation kungadabukisa izimo zenhliziyo namaphaphu, njenge:

• isifo esingelapheki samaphaphu
• isifuba somoya
• emphysema
• i-bronchitis engapheli

Ingozi yakho yokulimala unomphela ekuhogelweni kwentuthu inkulu uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimo.

Izimpawu zokuhogela intuthu

Ukuhogela intuthu kungadala izimpawu nezimpawu eziningana ezingaba buhlungu kakhulu.

Khwehlela

• Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila olusendleleni yakho yokuphefumula lukhipha amafinyila amaningi lapho ecasuka.
• Ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo okwandisiwe nokuqiniswa kwemisipha emoyeni wakho kuholela ekukhwehleleni kwe-reflex.
• I-Mucus ingahle icace, ibe mpunga, noma ibe mnyama ngokuya ngevolumu yezinhlayiya ezishile ku-trachea noma emaphashini akho.

Ukuphelelwa umoya

• Ukulimala kwepheshana lakho lokuphefumula kunciphisa ukulethwa komoya-mpilo egazini lakho.
• Ukuhogela intuthu kungaphazamisa ikhono legazi lakho lokuthwala umoya-mpilo.
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha kungavela emzameni wokunxephezela umonakalo owenziwe emzimbeni.

Ubuhlungu bekhanda

• Ukuchayeka kwi-carbon monoxide, eyenzeka kuyo yonke imililo, kungadala ikhanda.
• Kanye nokuphathwa ikhanda, i-carbon monoxide poisoning nayo ingadala isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Ukuhogela noma ukuphefumula okunomsindo

• Amakhemikhali angacasula futhi alimaze ama-vocal chords akho futhi abangele ukuvuvukala nokuqina kwemigwaqo yomoya engenhla.
• Uketshezi lungaqoqeka emoyeni ongaphezulu futhi luholele ekuvalekeni.

Izinguquko zesikhumba

• Isikhumba singaphaphatheka futhi sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo, noma okubomvu ngokugqamile ngenxa yobuthi be-carbon monoxide
• Kungaba nokusha esikhunjeni sakho.

Ukulimala kweso

• Intuthu ingacasula amehlo akho futhi ibangele ubomvu.
• Ama-corneas akho kungenzeka ukuthi ashile.

Ukwehla kokuqapha

• Izinga eliphansi le-oxygen nama-asphyxiate amakhemikhali angadala ushintsho njengokudideka, ukuquleka, nokunciphisa ukuqaphela.
• Ukuquleka kanye nekhoma nakho kungenzeka ngemuva kokuhogela intuthu.

Cwilisa emakhaleni noma emphinjeni

• Umsizi emakhaleni akho noma emphinjeni uyinkomba yokuhogela intuthu kanye nobukhulu bokuhogela intuthu.
• Amakhala avuvukile namaphasi emakhaleni nakho kuwuphawu lokuhogela.

Ubuhlungu besifuba

• Ubuhlungu besifuba bungabangelwa ukucasuka endaweni yakho yokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba bungaba ngumphumela wokugeleza komoya-mpilo omncane uye enhliziyweni.
• Ukukhwehlela ngokweqile nakho kungadala ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Izimo zenhliziyo namaphaphu zingenziwa zimbi kakhulu ngokuhogela intuthu futhi zingadala ubuhlungu besifuba.

Usizo lokuqala lokuhogela intuthu

ISEXWAYISO: Noma ngubani ohlangabezana nokuhogela intuthu udinga usizo lokuqala ngokushesha. Nakhu okumele ukwenze:

• Shayela u-911 ngosizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha.
• Susa umuntu endaweni egcwele intuthu uma kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo bese umyisa endaweni enomoya ohlanzekile.
• Bheka ukujikeleza komuntu, indlela yokuphefumula, nokuphefumula kwakhe.
• Qala i-CPR, uma kunesidingo, ngenkathi ulinde usizo oluphuthumayo ukuthi lufike.

Uma wena noma omunye umuntu ehlangabezana nalezi zimpawu zokuhogela umusi ezilandelayo, shayela u-911:

• ukushaqeka
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukukhwehlela
• ukudideka

Ukuhogela intuthu kungakhula ngokushesha futhi kuthinte okungaphezu kwepheshana lakho lokuphefumula. Kufanele ushayele u-911 esikhundleni sokuzishayela wena noma omunye umuntu emnyangweni ophuthumayo oseduze. Ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kanzima noma yokufa.

Ukuhogela intuthu bekuyisihloko esishisayo (asikho isijeziso esihlosiwe) selokhu abalandeli bochungechunge lwe-TV oluthi “This Is Us” bezwa ngokushona komlingiswa uJack. Kulolu hlelo, uJack wahlushwa intuthu ngemuva kokubuyela endlini yakhe eyayishisa ukusiza umkakhe nezingane ukubaleka. Ubuye futhi wangena inja yomndeni namanye amafa abalulekile omndeni.
Lesi siqephu silethe ukunakwa okukhulu ebungozini bokuhogela intuthu nokuthi yini okungafanele yenziwe uma kusha. Kuphinde kwashiya abantu abaningi bezibuza ukuthi ngabe ukuhogela intuthu kungadala ukuthi indoda ebukeka iphilile ihlaselwe yinhliziyo. Impendulo inguyebo.
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezempilo waseNew York State, izinhlayiya ezinhle zingangena zingene emgodini wakho wokuphefumula futhi zifinyelele emaphashini akho. Ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla okwandisiwe komzimba, imiphumela yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ingabhebhetheka ngokuvezwa yi-carbon monoxide kanye ne-particulate ndaba. Imiphumela yokuhogela intuthu, ukuzikhandla komzimba, kanye nengcindezi eyedlulele konke kuyakhathaza emaphashini nasenhliziyweni yakho, okungadala isifo senhliziyo.

Ukuxilongwa kwentuthu yokuphefumula intuthu

Esibhedlela, udokotela uzofuna ukwazi:

• umthombo wentuthu obudonsekile
• lo muntu wavezwa isikhathi esingakanani
• ukuthi umuntu ubembulelwa intuthu engakanani

Ukuhlolwa nezinqubo kunganconywa, njenge:

I-x-ray yesifuba

I-x-ray yesifuba isetshenziselwa ukuhlola izimpawu zokulimala kwamaphaphu noma ukutheleleka.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kwegazi, kufaka phakathi ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele kanye nephaneli yemethabolic, kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi abomvu namhlophe, ukubalwa kweplatelet, kanye namakhemikhali nokusebenza kwezitho eziningi ezizwela ekushintsheni kwamazinga e-oxygen. Izinga leCarboxyhemoglobin kanye ne-methemoglobin nalo liyahlolwa kulabo abadonse umusi ukuze babheke ubuthi be-carbon monoxide.

Igesi yegazi eli-arterial (ABG)

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukukala inani le-oxygen, i-carbon dioxide, ne-chemistry egazini. Ku-ABG, igazi ngokujwayelekile likhishwe emthanjeni esihlakaleni sakho.

Pulse oximetry

Ku-oximetry ye-pulse, idivayisi encane enenzwa ibekwa ngaphezulu kwengxenye yomzimba, njengomunwe, uzwane, noma i-earlobe, ukubona ukuthi umoya-mpilo ungena kanjani ezicutshini zakho.

I-Bronchoscopy

Ishubhu elincane, elikhanyisiwe lifakwa ngomlomo wakho ukuze ubuke ingaphakathi lendiza yakho ukuze uhlole umonakalo bese uqoqa amasampula, uma kudingeka. I-sedative ingasetshenziselwa ukukuthambisa ngenqubo. I-Bronchoscopy nayo ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukuhogela intuthu ukuze kudonswe imfucumfucu kanye nezimfihlo zokusiza ukususa umoya.

Ukwelashwa kwentuthu yokuphefumula

Ukwelashwa kwentuthu yokuphefumula kungafaka:

Oxygen

Umoya-mpilo yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa kokuhogela intuthu. Inikezwa ngesifihla-buso, ishubhu lempumulo, noma ngepayipi lokuphefumula elifakwe emphinjeni wakho, ngokuya ngobukhulu bezimpawu.

I-Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO)

I-HBO isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuthi be-carbon monoxide. Uzobekwa egumbini lokucindezelwa futhi unikezwe imithamo ephezulu ye-oxygen. I-oxygen incibilika iye kuyi-plasma yegazi ukuze izicubu zakho zikwazi ukuthola i-oxygen ngenkathi kukhishwa i-carbon monoxide egazini lakho.

Imithi

Imithi ethile ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimpawu zokubhema intuthu. Ama-bronchodilators anganikezwa ukuphumuza imisipha yamaphaphu futhi wandise izindlela zomoya. Ama-antibiotic anganikezwa ukwelapha noma ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Eminye imishanguzo inganikezwa ukwelapha noma yikuphi ukufakwa ubuthi bamakhemikhali.

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Uma ngabe welashelwe ukuhogela intuthu futhi waba nomkhuhlane, bheka udokotela wakho khona manjalo, njengoba ungaba nokutheleleka. Shayela ku-911 uma uhlangabezana nanoma ikuphi kokulandelayo:

• ukukhwehlela noma ukuphalaza igazi
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okusheshayo
• ukwanda kwenkinga yokuphefumula
• isifuba
• izindebe noma izinzipho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ukwelashwa ekhaya

Ngaphezu kokuthatha imishanguzo nokulandela imiyalelo enikezwe udokotela wakho, kunezinto ezithile zasekhaya ongazenza ngokulandela ukwelashwa kokuhogela intuthu:

• Thola ukuphumula okuningi.
• Lala endaweni ehlelekile noma uphakamise ikhanda lakho ngemicamelo ukukusiza uphefumule kalula.
• Gwema ukubhema noma ukubhema intuthu kagwayi.
• Gwema izinto ezingacasula amaphaphu akho, njengokubanda okukhulu, ukushisa, umswakama noma umoya owomile.
• Yenza noma yikuphi ukuvivinya umoya njengokuyalelwa ngudokotela wakho, owaziwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa kwenhlanzeko yomzimba.

Ukubuyiselwa kokuhogela intuthu nemiphumela yesikhathi eside nombono

Ukubuyiselwa esimweni sokuhogela intuthu kwehlukile kuwo wonke umuntu futhi kuya ngobukhulu bokulimala. Kuya futhi ngempilo yakho yonke yamaphaphu ngaphambi kokulimala. Kuzothatha isikhathi ukuthi amaphaphu akho aphole ngokuphelele futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uqhubeke nokuthola ukuphefumula futhi ukhathale kalula isikhashana.

Abantu abanesibazi bangaba nokuphefumula okuncane impilo yabo yonke. Ukuhogela isikhathi esithile kuvamile nakubantu abane-inhalation inhalation.

Unganikezwa imithi oyiphuzayo ngenkathi ululama. Ungadinga ama-inhalers wesikhathi eside neminye imithi yokusiza uphefumule kangcono, kuya ngomonakalo emaphashini akho.

Ukunakekelwa kokulandelela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokutakula kwakho. Gcina wonke ama-aphoyintimenti wokulandelela ahleliwe nodokotela wakho.

Ukuvimbela ukuhogela intuthu

Ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuhogela intuthu, kufanele:

• Faka imitshina yokubhema intuthu kuwo wonke amakamelo okulala, ngaphandle kwendawo yokulala ngayinye, lakuwo wonke amabanga ekhaya lakho, ngokweNational Fire Protection Association.
• Faka imitshina ye-carbon monoxide ngaphandle kwezindawo zokulala ezingeni ngalinye lendlu yakho.
• Hlola umtshina wakho kanye lemitshina ye-carbon monoxide njalo ngenyanga bese ufaka amabhetri minyaka yonke.
• Yenza uhlelo lokuphunyuka uma kwenzeka umlilo bese ulijwayeza nomndeni wakho nabanye abahlala ekhaya lakho.
• Ungashiyi osikilidi abakhanyisiwe, amakhandlela, noma izifudumezi zasemkhathini zinganakiwe futhi zicime bese ulahla kahle izinto ezihlobene nokubhema.
• Ungalokothi ushiye ikhishi lingenamuntu ngenkathi upheka.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukuhogela intuthu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha noma kungekho zimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvikeleni ezinye izinkinga nokufa.