Unhlangothi

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini isifo sohlangothi?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo zesifo sohlangothi?
• Ngubani osengozini yokushaywa unhlangothi?
• Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi?
• Sitholakala kanjani isifo sohlangothi?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa unhlangothi?
• Ngabe imivimbo ingavinjelwa?

Isifinyezo

Yini isifo sohlangothi?

Isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho kukhona ukulahleka kokugeleza kwegazi okuya engxenyeni yobuchopho. Amaseli akho obuchopho awakwazi ukuthola umoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba azidingayo egazini, bese eqala ukufa phakathi nemizuzu embalwa. Lokhu kungadala ukulimala kwengqondo okuhlala njalo, ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside, noma ngisho nokufa.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu unesifo sohlangothi, shayela u-911 ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungasindisa impilo yomuntu futhi kwandise amathuba okuphumelela ekuvuseleleni nasekululameni.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zesifo sohlangothi?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zohlangothi:

• Ukushaywa yischemic kudalwa yisigaxa segazi esivimba noma sixhume umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu; cishe i-80% yemivimbo i-ischemic.
• Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu sibangelwa ngumthambo wegazi ogqashuka uphume ungene ebuchosheni

Esinye isimo esifana nesifo sohlangothi ukuhlaselwa yischemic okwedlula (TIA). Kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- "mini-stroke." Ama-TIA ayenzeka lapho ukunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni kuvinjelwe isikhashana. Ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho akuhlali unomphela, kodwa uma uke waba ne-TIA, usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba nesifo sohlangothi.

Ngubani osengozini yokushaywa unhlangothi?

Izici ezithile zingakhuphula ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi. Izici ezinkulu zobungozi zibandakanya

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko sengozi yesifo sohlangothi.
• Isifo sikashukela.
• Izifo zenhliziyo. I-Atrial fibrillation nezinye izifo zenhliziyo kungadala amahlule egazi aholele ekushayweni unhlangothi.
• Ukubhema. Uma ubhema, ulimaza imithambo yegazi futhi unyuse umfutho wegazi.
• Umlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni wesifo sohlangothi noma i-TIA.
• Ubudala. Ingozi yakho yokushaywa unhlangothi iyakhula njengoba ukhula.
• Ubuhlanga nobuzwe. Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika basengozini enkulu yokushaywa unhlangothi.

Kukhona nezinye izinto ezixhunywe engcupheni ephezulu yokushaywa unhlangothi, njenge

• Utshwala nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokungemthetho
• Ukungatholi umsebenzi owanele womzimba
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukudla okungenampilo
• Ukuba nokukhuluphala

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi?

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zivame ukwenzeka ngokushesha. Zihlanganisa

• Ukuba ndikindiki okungazelelwe noma ukubuthakathaka kobuso, ingalo, noma umlenze (ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba)
• Ukudideka okungazelelwe, inkinga yokukhuluma, noma inkulumo eqondayo
• Inkinga engazelelwe yokubona kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo
• Ukuhamba kanzima ngokungazelelwe, isiyezi, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ukuxhumanisa
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu unesifo sohlangothi, shayela u-911 ngokushesha.

Sitholakala kanjani isifo sohlangothi?

Ukwenza ukuxilongwa, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza kanjalo

• Buza ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wezokwelapha
• Yenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kufaka phakathi isheke le-
  • Ukuqapha kwakho kwengqondo
  • Ukudidiyela nokulinganisela kwakho
  • Noma ikuphi ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ebusweni bakho, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
  • Noma iyiphi inkinga yokukhuluma nokubona kahle
• Yenza ezinye izivivinyo, ezingafaka phakathi
  • Ukuthwebula izithombe zobuchopho, njenge-CT scan noma i-MRI
  • Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo, okungasiza ukuthola izinkinga zenhliziyo noma amahlule egazi okungenzeka aholele ekushayweni unhlangothi. Ukuhlolwa okungenzeka kufaka i-electrocardiogram (EKG) kanye ne-echocardiography.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa unhlangothi?

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi kufaka phakathi imithi, ukuhlinzwa, nokuvuselelwa. Yikuphi ukwelashwa okutholayo okuxhomeke ohlotsheni lwe-stroke kanye nesigaba sokwelashwa. Izigaba ezihlukile yilezi

• Ukwelashwa okunamandla, ukuzama ukumisa unhlangothi ngenkathi kwenzeka
• Ukuvuselelwa ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi, ukunqoba ukukhubazeka okubangelwa isifo sohlangothi
• Ukuvimbela, ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi sokuqala noma, uma usuvele unaso, vimbela esinye isifo

Ukwelashwa okunamandla kokushaywa yischemic kuvame ukuba yimithi:

• Ungathola i-tPA, (activator plasminogen activator), umuthi wokuqeda igazi. Ungathola lo muthi kungakapheli amahora angu-4 lapho izimpawu zakho ziqala khona. Ngokushesha lapho ungakuthola, ngcono ithuba lakho lokululama.
• Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuthola lowo muthi, ungathola umuthi osiza ukumisa amaplatelet ekuhlanganeni ndawonye enze amahlule egazi. Noma ungathola i-thinner yegazi ukugcina amahlule asekhona engakhuli.
• Uma unesifo somthambo we-carotid, ungadinga nenqubo yokuvula umthambo wakho we-carotid ovinjiwe

Ukwelashwa okunamandla kokushaywa yisifo esopha kakhulu kugxile ekumiseni ukopha. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola imbangela yokopha ebuchosheni. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukusilawula:

• Uma umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyimbangela yokopha, unganikezwa imithi yengcindezi yegazi.
• Uma i-aneurysm uma iyimbangela, ungadinga ukusikwa kwe-aneurysm noma ukuhlanganiswa kwekhoyili. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kokuvuza kwegazi kusuka ku-aneurysm. Futhi kungasiza ukuvimbela i-aneurysm ekuqhumeni futhi.
• Uma i-arteriovenous malformation (AVM) iyimbangela yesifo sohlangothi, ungadinga ukulungiswa kwe-AVM. I-AVM iyi-tangle yemithambo nemithambo engalungile engaphuka ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Ukulungiswa kwe-AVM kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa
  • Ukuhlinzwa
  • Ukujova into ethile emithanjeni yegazi ye-AVM ukuvimba ukuhamba kwegazi
  • Imisebe yokunciphisa imithambo yegazi ye-AVM

Ukuvuselelwa kwesifo sohlangothi kungakusiza ufunde amakhono owalahlile ngenxa yomonakalo. Inhloso ukukusiza ukuthi ukwazi ukuzimela ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ube nekhwalithi engcono kakhulu yokuphila.

Ukuvimbela esinye isifo nakho kubalulekile, ngoba ukushaywa unhlangothi kwandisa ingozi yokuthola omunye. Ukuvimbela kungafaka izinguquko zokuphila ezinempilo yenhliziyo nemithi.

Ngabe imivimbo ingavinjelwa?

Uma usuvele unesifo sohlangothi noma usengozini yokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, ungenza ushintsho oluthile lokuphila okunempilo ukuze uvikele unhlangothi ozayo:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo
• Ukuhlose isisindo esinempilo
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka
• Ukuthola ukuvivinya umzimba njalo
• Ukuyeka ukubhema
• Ukuphatha umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol yakho

Uma lezi zinguquko zinganele, ungahle udinge umuthi ukulawula izici zakho zobungozi.

I-NIH: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokukhubazeka Kwezinzwa NeStroke

• Indlela yomuntu siqu yokwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi
• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika Bangabunciphisa Ngokuphawulekayo Ubungozi Bokushaywa Unhlangothi Ngokuyeka Ukubhema
• Ukufanekisa Ubuchopho, Izifundo zeTelehealth Zithembisa Ukuvimbela Okungcono Kokushaya Nokubuyiselwa