Uhlolojikelele lwe-Endocrine System

-Delile

• Umsebenzi wesistimu ye-Endocrine
• Izitho zohlelo lwe-Endocrine
• Ama-hormone wesistimu ye-Endocrine
• Umdwebo wesistimu ye-Endocrine
• Izimo ezingathinta uhlelo lwe-endocrine
• I-Hyperthyroidism
• I-Hypothyroidism
• I-Cushing syndrome
• Isifo i-Addison
• Isifo sikashukela
• Okubalulekile

Uhlelo lwe-endocrine luyinethiwekhi yezindlala nezitho ezitholakala emzimbeni wonke. Iyafana nenqubo yezinzwa ngoba idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni nasekulawuleni imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba.

Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi uhlelo lwezinzwa lusebenzisa imizwa yezinzwa nama-neurotransmitters ukuxhumana, uhlelo lwe-endocrine lusebenzisa izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngamahomoni.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole okuningi ngohlelo lwe-endocrine, ukuthi lwenzani, kanye namahomoni alukhiqizayo.

Umsebenzi wesistimu ye-Endocrine

Uhlelo lwe-endocrine lunesibopho sokulawula uhla lwemisebenzi yomzimba ngokukhishwa kwamahomoni.

AmaHormoni afihlwa yizindlala zesistimu ye-endocrine, ehamba egazini iye ezingxenyeni nezicubu ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni. Ama-hormone abese etshela lezi zitho nezicubu ukuthi zenzeni noma zisebenze kanjani.

Ezinye izibonelo zemisebenzi yomzimba elawulwa uhlelo lwe-endocrine zifaka:

• umzimba
• ukukhula nentuthuko
• umsebenzi wezocansi nokuzala
• isilinganiso senhliziyo
• ukushaya kwegazi
• isifiso sokudla
• imijikelezo yokulala nokuvuka
• izinga lokushisa komzimba

Izitho zohlelo lwe-Endocrine

Uhlelo lwe-endocrine lwakhiwa inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yezindlala, okuyizitho ezikhipha izinto.

Izindlala zesistimu ye-endocrine kulapho kukhiqizwa khona, kugcinwe, futhi kukhishwe ama-hormone.Indlala ngayinye ikhiqiza ihomoni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, eqhubeka nokukhomba izitho ezithile nezicubu emzimbeni.

Izindlala zohlelo lwe-endocrine zifaka:

• I-Hypothalamus. Ngenkathi abanye abantu bengayibheki njengendlala, i-hypothalamus ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi alawula indlala yebhande. Iphinde ibandakanyeke ekulawuleni imisebenzi eminingi, kufaka phakathi imijikelezo yokulala, ukushisa komzimba nokudla. Ingalawula futhi ukusebenza kwezinye izindlala ze-endocrine.
• I-pituitary. Indlala ye-pituitary itholakala ngaphansi kwe-hypothalamus. Amahomoni awakhiqizayo athinta ukukhula nokuzala. Bangakwazi futhi ukulawula ukusebenza kwezinye izindlala ze-endocrine.
• Iphayini. Le ndlala itholakala maphakathi nengqondo yakho. Kubalulekile kumijikelezo yakho yokulala.
• Indlala yegilo. Indlala yegilo ikhona engxenyeni engaphambili yentamo yakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komzimba.
• I-Parathyroid. Futhi etholakala ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, indlala ye-parathyroid ibalulekile ekugcineni ukulawula amazinga e-calcium emathanjeni nasegazini lakho.
• Thymus. Etholakala esihlokweni esingenhla, i-thymus iyasebenza kuze kube seminyakeni yokuthomba futhi ikhiqiza ama-hormone abalulekile ekwakhiweni kohlobo lweseli elimhlophe elibizwa nge-T cell.
• I-Adrenal. Indlala eyodwa ye-adrenal ingatholakala ngaphezulu kwenso ngalinye. Lezi zindlala zikhiqiza ama-hormone abalulekile ekulawuleni imisebenzi efana nomfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nokuphendula kwengcindezi.
• Amapancreas. Ama-pancreas atholakala esiswini sakho ngemuva kwesisu sakho. Umsebenzi wayo we-endocrine uhilela ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini.

Ezinye izindlala ze-endocrine nazo zinemisebenzi engeyona eye-endocrine. Isibonelo, ama-ovari nama-testes akhiqiza ama-hormone, kepha futhi anomsebenzi ongewona we-endocrine wokukhiqiza amaqanda nesidoda, ngokulandelana.

Ama-hormone wesistimu ye-Endocrine

AmaHormone amakhemikhali asetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-endocrine ukuthumela imiyalezo kuzitho kanye nezicubu kuwo wonke umzimba. Lapho sebekhululwe bangena egazini, baya ezinhlokweni noma ezicutshini ababhekise kuzo, ezinama-receptors abonayo futhi asabele ku-hormone.

Ngezansi kunezibonelo ezithile zamahomoni akhiqizwa uhlelo lwe-endocrine.

Umdwebo wesistimu ye-Endocrine

Hlola umdwebo we-3-D osebenzisanayo ngezansi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngohlelo lwe-endocrine.

Izimo ezingathinta uhlelo lwe-endocrine

Kwesinye isikhathi, amazinga ama-hormone angaba phezulu kakhulu noma abe phansi kakhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungaba nemiphumela eminingi empilweni yakho. Izimpawu nezimpawu zincike kwihomoni engalingani.

Nakhu ukubheka ezinye zezimo ezingathinta uhlelo lwe-endocrine futhi kuguqule amazinga akho e-hormone.

I-Hyperthyroidism

I-Hyperthyroidism yenzeka lapho indlala yakho yegilo yenza i-hormone yegilo engaphezulu kunesidingo. Lokhu kungabangelwa uhla lwezinto, kufaka phakathi izimo ezizimele.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ze-hyperthyroidism zifaka:

• ukukhathala
• uvalo
• ukuncipha komzimba
• isifo sohudo
• izingqinamba ezibekezelela ukushisa
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• inkathazo yokulala

Ukwelashwa kuya ngokuthi isimo sinzima kangakanani, kanye nembangela yaso. Izinketho zifaka imithi, i-radioiodine therapy, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Isifo se-Graves yisifo sokuzimela komzimba kanye nohlobo oluvamile lwe-hyperthyroidism. Kubantu abanesifo i-Graves, amasosha omzimba ahlasela igilo, elibangela ukuthi likhiqize i-hormone yegilo eningi kunokujwayelekile.

I-Hypothyroidism

I-Hypothyroidism yenzeka lapho i-thyroid yakho ingakhiqizi i-hormone yegilo eyanele. Njenge-hyperthyroidism, inezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ze-hypothyroidism zifaka:

• ukukhathala
• ukuzuza kwesisindo
• ukuqunjelwa
• izingqinamba ezibekezelela amakhaza
• isikhumba esomile nezinwele
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane
• izikhathi ezingajwayelekile
• izingqinamba zokuzala

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypothyroidism kuhilela ukwengeza i-hormone ye-thyroid ngemithi.

I-Cushing syndrome

I-Cushing syndrome yenzeka ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu we-hormone cortisol.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zeCushing syndrome zifaka:

• ukuzuza kwesisindo
• okunamafutha kubuso, phakathi nendawo, noma emahlombe
• elula, ikakhulukazi ezingalweni, emathangeni nasesiswini
• ukuphulukiswa kancane kokusikeka, okusikiwe nokulunywa yizinambuzane
• isikhumba esincanyana esilimaza kalula
• izikhathi ezingajwayelekile
• kwehle ukushayela ucansi nokuzala kwabesilisa

Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yalesi simo futhi kungafaka nemithi, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Isifo i-Addison

Isifo i-Addison senzeka lapho izindlala zakho ze-adrenal zingakhiqizi i-cortisol eyanele noma i-aldosterone eyanele. Ezinye izimpawu zesifo i-Addison zifaka:

• ukukhathala
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ushukela wegazi ophansi
• isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo
• ukucasuka
• ukuhahela usawoti noma ukudla okunosawoti
• izikhathi ezingajwayelekile

Ukwelashwa kwesifo i-Addison kuhilela ukuthatha imithi esiza ukufaka esikhundleni samahomoni umzimba wakho ongakhiqizi ngokwanele kuwo.

Isifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela sisho isimo lapho amazinga kashukela egazini akho engalawulwa kahle.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bane-glucose eningi egazini labo (ushukela ophakeme wegazi). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela: uhlobo 1 sikashukela nohlobo 2 sikashukela.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zesifo sikashukela zifaka:

• ukukhathala
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukwanda kwendlala noma ukoma
• ukunxenxa njalo ukuchama
• ukucasuka
• ukutheleleka okuvamile

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kungabandakanya ukuqapha ushukela wegazi, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, nemithi. Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, njengokuvivinya umzimba njalo nokudla ukudla okunomsoco, nazo zingasiza.

Okubalulekile

Uhlelo lwe-endocrine luqoqo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezindlala nezitho ezisiza ukulawula ukusebenza komzimba okuhlukahlukene. Lokhu kufezwa ngokukhishwa kwamahomoni, noma izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezikhiqizwa uhlelo lwe-endocrine.