Intela Ebomvana: Izindleko Zangempela Zamanani Asezobulili

-Delile

• ‘Intela ebomvana’
• Intela ‘yetampon’
• Ukwenza amathamponi namaphadi kufinyeleleke kalula
• Amazwe ahamba phambili
• Ukuthatha

Uma uthenga kunoma yisiphi isitolo esiku-inthanethi noma isitolo sodaka, uzothola inkambo yokuphahlazeka ekukhangiseni okususelwa ebulilini.

Imikhiqizo "Yabesilisa" ifika emaphaketheni amnyama noma ama-navy aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anamagama ezimpawu ze-boutique afana neBull Dog, Vikings Blade, neRugged and Dapper. Uma imikhiqizo inephunga elimnandi, kuyiphunga le-muskier.

Okwamanje, imikhiqizo "yabesifazane" kunzima ukuyiphuthelwa: ukuqhuma kophinki nokukhanyayo okukhanyayo, ngomthamo owengeziwe wokucwebezela. Uma kunephunga elimnandi, izithelo ziyizithelo nezimbali, njengepea elimnandi ne-violet, imbali yama-apula nemvula okusajingijolo - noma ngabe yini leyo.

Ngenkathi iphunga nombala mhlawumbe umehluko osobala kakhulu phakathi kwemikhiqizo ngokwesiko ebhekiswe kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kukhona omunye umehluko owehlayo: inani lentengo. Futhi kubiza labo abathenga imikhiqizo ebhekiswe kwabesifazane kakhulu kakhulu.

‘Intela ebomvana’

Intengo esuselwa ebulilini, eyaziwa nangokuthi “intela ephinki,” kuyimali ekhokhwayo emikhiqizweni ngokwesiko ehloselwe abesifazane enomehluko wezimonyo kuphela emikhiqizweni efana naleyo ngokwesiko eyenzelwe amadoda.

Ngamanye amagama, akuyona intela empeleni.

“Isimo esingenisa imali ezinkampanini ezizimele ezithola indlela yokwenza umkhiqizo wazo ubukeke uqondiswe kakhudlwana noma ufanele abantu futhi bakubona lokho njengomenzi wemali,” kuchaza uJennifer Weiss-Wolf, ummeli, iphini likamongameli IBrennan School of Justice e-NYU School of Law, kanye nomsunguli we-Period Equity.

"Ngicabanga ukuthi izisusa zentela ephinki zivela ngokusobala kusuka esimweni sobungxiwankulu bakudala: Uma ungenza imali ngayo, kufanele," kuqhuba yena.

Yize kunjalo intela ephinki akuyona into entsha. Eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, iCalifornia, iConnecticut, iFlorida neSouth Dakota bakhiphe imibiko ngamanani entengo yezobulili ezifundazweni zabo. Ngo-2010, Imibiko Yabathengi yaqokomisa lolu daba kuzwelonke ngocwaningo oluthola ukuthi, ngaleso sikhathi, abesifazane babekhokha imali engamaphesenti angama-50 ngaphezu kwabesilisa ngemikhiqizo efanayo.

Le nkinga yachazwa kahle kakhulu ngo-2015 ngenkathi uMnyango Wezabathengi eNew York City ukhipha umbiko mayelana nokungafani kwamanani emikhiqizo engama-794 eqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo engama-91 edayiswe kulo lonke idolobha.

Lo mbiko uhlolisise izimboni ezinhlanu ezihlukene, njengemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu noma imikhiqizo yezempilo esezingeni eliphezulu / yasekhaya. Lezi zihlanganisa imikhakha engama-35 yomkhiqizo, efana ne-bodywash noma i-shampoo. Kuzo zonke izimboni ezinhlanu, izimpahla zabathengi ezithengiselwa abesifazane namantombazane zibiza kakhulu. Kwakunjalo nakuzo zonke izigaba zomkhiqizo ezingama-35 ngaphandle kwezinhlanu.

Abaphenyi babheke imikhiqizo engu-106 esigabeni samathoyizi nezesekeli bathola ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, leyo eyenzelwe amantombazane ibibiza ngaphezulu ngamaphesenti ayi-7.

Izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu, noma kunjalo, beziphakathi kwemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.

Isibonelo, amaphakethe amahlanu ama-cartridge we-Schick Hydro asemaphaketheni ansomi abiza u- $ 18.49, kanti inani elifanayo le-Schick Hydro liphinda lifake kumaphakethe aluhlaza libiza u- $ 14.99.

Futhi, ngaphandle kombala wabo wokupakisha, imikhiqizo ifana ncamashi.

Umbiko we-NYC uthole ukuthi abesifazane babhekane nokwehluka kwentengo okuphakathi kwamaphesenti ayi-13 emikhiqizweni yokuzinakekela phakathi kwemikhiqizo engu-122 uma kuqhathaniswa nocwaningo. Futhi ababhali bakuphawule ngokufanele ukuthi lezi zinto, ezifana ne-shaving gel ne-deodorant, yizona ezithengwa kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izigaba - okusho ukuthi izindleko ziyahlangana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yize lokhu kungalungile kubo bonke labo abathenga le mikhiqizo, lokho kukhuphuka kwentengo ngamaphesenti ayi-13 kuhlasela kakhulu abesifazane namantombazane abavela emakhaya ahola kancane.

Imizamo yomthetho, noma kunjalo, ingahle ilungise intela ephinki. Ngo-1995, owayengu-Assemblywoman ngaleso sikhathi uJackie Speier waphasisa ngempumelelo umthethosivivinywa owenqabela amanani entengo ezobulili ezinsizakalo, njengokugunda izinwele.

Manje njengeNkosikazi yeCongress, u-Rep. Speier (D-CA) uya kuzwelonke: Uphinde wethula kabusha Umthetho Wokunqunywa Kwentela ePink kulo nyaka ukubhekana ngqo nemikhiqizo ekhokhiswa intela ephinki. (Uhlobo lwangaphambili lomthethosivivinywa olwethulwe ngo-2016 lwehlulekile ukukhipha ikomidi). Uma lo mthethosivivinywa omusha uphasa, ungavumela abameli bakahulumeni jikelele "ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zomphakathi kubathengi aboniwe ngenxa yezenzo zobandlululo." Ngamanye amagama, bangaya ngqo ngemuva kwamabhizinisi akhokhisa abesilisa nabesifazane amanani ahlukile.

Intela ‘yetampon’

Intela ephinki akuyona ukuphela kwemali ekhokhwayo ethinta abesifazane. Kukhona futhi ne- "tampon tax", ebhekisa enteleni yokuthengisa esetshenziselwa izinto zokuhlanzeka zabesifazane ezifana namaphakethe, amalayili, ama-tampon, nezinkomishi.

Njengamanje, izifundazwe ezingama-36 zisasebenzisa intela yokuthengisa kulezi zinto ezidingekayo zokuya esikhathini, ngokusho kwedatha evela enhlanganweni kaWeiss-Wolf iPeriod Equity. Intela yokuthengisa kule mikhiqizo iyahluka futhi isuselwa kukhodi yentela yombuso.

Manje? Ungase uzibuze. Wonke umuntu ukhokha intela yokuthengisa. Kubukeka kufanelekile ukuthi amathamponi namaphakethe anentela yokuthengisa, nayo.

Hhayi impela, kusho uWeiss-Wolf. Amazwe asungula imingcele yawo yentela, nasencwadini yakhe Izikhathi Ziye Zaba Sesidlangalaleni: Ukuthatha Ukuma Ngokulingana Kwesikhathi Sokuya Esikhathini, uchaza ngemikhawulo ethile engadingeki kangako ezinye izifundazwe ezinayo.

"Ngangihamba ngayo yonke ikhodi yentela kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezazingakhululi imikhiqizo yokuya esikhathini ukuze ngibone ukuthi benzeni, futhi uhlu luyihlaya," kusho uWeiss-Wolf etshela iHealthline. Izinto ezingakhokhiswa intela, ezibalwe zombili encwadini kaWeiss-Wolf kanye neHealthline ezilandelelwe phansi, zisukela emarshmallows eFlorida kuya ekuphekeni iwayini eCalifornia. IMaine ihamba ngezimoto ezihamba eqhweni, futhi yimbewu ye-sunflower ye-barbecue e-Indiana nobulungu beklabhu yezibhamu eWisconsin.

Uma imbewu ye-barbecue sunflower ingakhokhiswa intela, kusho u-Weiss-Wolf, nemikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yabesifazane nayo kufanele ibe njalo.

Intela yetampon kuvame ukubizwa ngokungafanele ngayo njengentela yokunethezeka, kuchaza uWeiss-Wolf. Kunalokho, kuyintela ejwayelekile yokuthengisa esetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimpahla - kodwa njengoba kungabantu kuphela abaya esikhathini abasebenzisa imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yowesifazane, intela iyasithinta ngokungalingani.

Njengokukhokhiswa kwezinto zokunakekela ezenzelwe abantu besifazane, inani elincane lentela yokuthengisa esilikhipha njalo ngenyanga ukuphatha u-Aunt Flo landa ngaphezu kwesikhathi sonke sokuphila, futhi lokhu kuthinta kabi abesifazane abavela emakhaya ahola kancane.

"Lolu daba lunomsindo omkhulu kubantu," kusho uWeiss-Wolf etshela abeHealthline. "Ngicabanga ukuthi ngokwengxenye ngoba ulwazi lokuya esikhathini luthinta yonke indawo kunoma ngubani oseke wakuthola, njengokuqonda ukuthi ukukwazi ukuphatha kubaluleke kakhulu emandleni omuntu okuhlanganyela ngokugcwele empilweni yansuku zonke futhi abe nokuhlonipheka."

Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bayo yonke imivimbo yezepolitiki bayaqonda ukuthi “ezomnotho zokuya esikhathini,” njengoba uWeiss-Wolf ekubiza, akunazibopho. Iqembu lakhe i-Period Equity lithathe lolu daba ezweni lonke ngo-2015 ngokubambisana nephephabhuku i-Cosmopolitan esicelweni seTshintsho.org ukuze "kuxoshwe intela yomgwaqo." Kepha intela yokuthengisa kufanele ibhekiswe ngabameli bezwe ngezwe.

Futhi kunendlela ende okufanele uhambe ngayo.

Izifundazwe ezinhlanu - i-Alaska, iDelaware, iNew Hampshire, iMontana, ne-Oregon - azinayo intela yokuthengisa ukuqala, ngakho-ke amaphedi namathamponi akakhokhiswa intela lapho. Khonamanjalo, iMaryland, iMassachusetts, iMinnesota, iNew Jersey, nePennsylvania babekade bezishayele umthetho bebodwa ukukhipha intela yokuthengisa kulezi zinto, ngokusho kwePeriods Gone Public.

Kusukela ngo-2015, ngenxa yokwanda kokukhuthaza ngesikhathi sokulingana, izifundazwe ezingama-24 zethule izikweletu zokukhipha amaphedi namathamponi enteleni yokuthengisa. Kodwa-ke, yi-Connecticut, iFlorida, i-Illinois neNew York kuphela abaphumelele ekwenzeni lezi zidingo zangasese zingakhokhiswa intela kuze kube manje. Lokho kusho ukuthi, i-Arizona, Nebraska, neVirginia baletha izikweletu zentela ezishayamthetho zabo ngo-2018.

Ngakho-ke, kungani kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuba nale ngxoxo?

"Isimo esingokoqobo kakhulu ukuthi iningi lezishayamthetho zethu azihambi esikhathini, ngakho-ke bezingacabangi ngalo nganoma iyiphi indlela eyakhayo," kusho uWeiss-Wolf.

Ukwenza amathamponi namaphadi kufinyeleleke kalula

Ngaphezu kwentela ye-tampon, ukugqugquzela ukulingana kokuya esikhathini kuya ngokuya kutholakalela ukufinyeleleka kwemikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yabesifazane yabesifazane nabesifazane abangenamakhaya emajele nasezikoleni zomphakathi.

"Zidingeka njengephepha lasendlini yangasese," kusho uMkhandlu Wesifazane waseCity ngo-2016 lapho i-NYC ivotela ukwenza imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yabesifazane mahhala ezikoleni, ezindlini zokukhosela, nasejele. Kubikwa ukuthi amantombazane esikole angama-300,000 aneminyaka ephakathi kuka-11 kuya ku-18 kanye nabesifazane namantombazane abangama-23,000 abahlala ezindlini zokukhosela e-NYC bathintekile yilo mthetho-sivivinyo.

Ukufinyelela kulezi zinto ezihlanzekile kunika isithunzi futhi kunike amandla abesifazane namantombazane ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngokuphelele emphakathini.

"Ngisho nakulesi sikhathi sezombusazwe, esinobuthi futhi sihlukaniswe kahle ... le yindawo eyodwa [yokungeneka efakazelwe ukuthi idlula ubumbano futhi inokwesekwa okuqinile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zezinto," kusho uWeiss-Wolf.

Kulo nyaka, iNew York State ivotele ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yamahhala yokuhlanzeka kwabesifazane ezindaweni zokuphumula zamantombazane ebangeni lesi-6 kuya kwele-12.

“Lolu daba lunomsindo omkhulu kubantu. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthi
isipiliyoni sokuya esikhathini sinendawo yonke kunoma ngubani oseke wakuthola, njengoba
ukuqonda ukuthi ukukwazi ukuyiphatha kubaluleke kakhulu kowakho
ikhono lokubamba iqhaza ngokugcwele empilweni yansuku zonke futhi ube nokuphila okunesithunzi. ” -
UJennifer Weiss-Wolf

Ngo-2015 nango-2017, isishayamthetho saseWisconsin sethule umthethosivivinywa wokwenza ama-pads namathamponi atholakale mahhala ezikoleni zikahulumeni, ezikoleni ezisebenzisa uhlelo lwamavawusha wombuso, nasezakhiweni zikahulumeni. ECanada, ikhansela ledolobha laseToronto laphakamisa ukuthi kukhishwe umthethosivivinywa ofanayo wezindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya.

Amazwe ahamba phambili

Ukulingana kokuya esikhathini kunendlela yokuhamba ezifundazweni eziningi zaseMelika, futhi singabheka kwamanye amazwe ukuthola ugqozi lokuthi kungaba yini.

• IKenya yafaka amanzi ngomsele
  intela yayo yokuthengisa emikhiqizweni yenhlanzeko yabesifazane ngo-2004 futhi yabele izigidi
  maqondana nokusabalalisa ama-pads ezikoleni ngomzamo wokukhulisa ukuhamba kwamantombazane.
• ICanada yaxoshwa
  intela yalo yezimpahla nezinsizakalo (efana nentela yokuthengisa) kuma-tampon ngo-2015. Australia
  uvotile
  ukwenza okufanayo ngenyanga edlule nje, noma idinga ukuvunywa okwengeziwe ngu
  izindawo ezingazodwana.
• Uhlelo lokushayela e-Aberdeen,
  IScotland iyasabalalisa
  imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yabesifazane kubantu besifazane emakhaya ahola kancane njengesivivinyo se-
  kungenzeka uhlelo olukhulu.
• I-United Kingdom nayo yasusa i-tampon
  tax, yize kunezizathu ezihlobene neBrexit ngeke iqale ukusebenza okwamanje. Ku
  buyisela, amaketanga amaningana amakhulu e-UK, anjalo
  njengoTesco, behlise amanani emikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yabesifazane ngokwabo.

Ukuthatha

Izwe laseMelika ekugcineni liba nezingxoxo ezidonse isikhathi eside mayelana nezindleko ezihambisana ne-biology yethu. Njengoba iningi lethu selikhule lithanda iphunga elimnandi elinamakha ezimbali, asikho isisusa esikhulu sokuthi izinkampani ziyeke ukuzenza zihluke - kodwa okungenani zingayeka ukusikhokhela zona.

Futhi ngenkathi ukuba nesikhathi (kanye namajaqamba ahambisana nakho) kungahle kungabi yinto emnandi, izingxoxo ezungeze ezomnotho zokuya esikhathini zibonakala ngathi zenza ukuba kube nokusebenziseka okukhulu nozwela kulabo abadinga imikhiqizo ukuyilawula.

UJessica Wakeman ungumbhali nomhleli ogxile ezindabeni zabesifazane kwezepolitiki, kwezenhlalo nakwezamasiko. Ekuqaleni wayevela eConnecticut, wafundela ubuntatheli nezifundo zobulili e-NYU. Phambilini ubengumhleli ku-The Frisky, Daily Dot, HelloGiggles, YouBeauty, nakuma-Someecards, kanti ubesebenzela ne-Huffington Post, i-Radar Magazine, ne-NYmag.com. Umbhalo wakhe uvele ezihlokweni eziningi zokuphrinta neziku-inthanethi, okubalwa kuzo iGlamour, Rolling Stone, Bitch, New York Daily News, New York Times Review of Books, The Cut, Bustle, neRomper. Usebhodini labaqondisi beBitch Media, imithombo yezindaba yabesifazane engenzi nzuzo. Uhlala eBrooklyn nomyeni wakhe. Bona okuningi ngomsebenzi wakhe ku iwebhusayithi yakhe bese umlandela Twitter.