Izinhlobo ezi-5 zomdlavuza wesikhumba: ungazibona kanjani nokuthi wenzeni

-Delile

• 1. I-Basal cell carcinoma
• 2. I-squamous cell carcinoma
• 3. I-Merkel carcinoma
• 4. I-melanoma ebulalayo
• 5. Ama-sarcomas esikhumba

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wesikhumba kanti eziyinhloko yi-basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma kanye ne-malignant melanoma, ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo ezingajwayelekile njenge-Merkel's carcinoma ne-skin sarcomas.

Lawa mdlavuza abangelwa ukukhula okungajwayelekile nokungalawulwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli ezakha izingqimba zesikhumba futhi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene, ezibandakanya:

• Umdlavuza wesikhumba ongelona i-melanoma: lapho i-basal cell, i-squamous cell noma i-Merkel carcinoma ifakiwe, okuvame ukuba lula ukuyelapha, ngamathuba amakhulu okwelashwa;
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba se-Melanoma: kufaka kuphela i-melanoma ebulalayo, okuluhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu futhi enethuba eliphansi kunawo wonke lokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma kutholakala ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu;
• Ama-sarcomas esikhumba: kufaka phakathi i-Kaposi's sarcoma ne-dermatofibrosarcoma, engavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba futhi idinga ukwelashwa okuthile ngohlobo.

Lapho kuvela uphawu olusolisayo esikhumbeni, oluguqula umbala, ukuma noma ukukhuphuka ngosayizi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wesikhumba ukuze ubone ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukubheduka nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze esimweni ngasinye.

Bheka ividiyo elandelayo yokuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba:

1. I-Basal cell carcinoma

I-Basal cell carcinoma uhlobo oluncane kakhulu futhi oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza ongelona i-melanoma, oluhambisana namacala angaphezu kwama-95%, futhi luvela kumaseli we-basal atholakala engxenyeni ejulile yesikhumba, avela njengesiqeshana esikhanyayo esikhanyayo ku isikhumba esikhula kancane, singaba noqweqwe maphakathi nebala futhi sopha kalula. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esifanele, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, ngenxa yokushiswa yilanga impilo yonke.

Lapho ingavela khona: icishe ivele njalo ezifundeni ezinokuchayeka okuningi elangeni, njengasebusweni, entanyeni, ezindlebeni noma ekhanda, kepha futhi ingavela nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Okufanele ngikwenze: uma kukhona okusolisayo, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela wesikhumba ukuze kuhlolwe ibala lesikhumba bese kuqala ukwelashwa okufanele, okuthi kulezi zimo, kwenziwe ngokuhlinzwa okuncane noma ukufaka isicelo se-laser ukususa ibala nokuqeda wonke amaseli athintekile. Qonda kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lomdlavuza nokwelashwa kwawo.

2. I-squamous cell carcinoma

I-squamous cell carcinoma wuhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba ongelona i-melanoma futhi luvela kumaseli we-squamous atholakala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu kwesikhumba. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame kakhulu emadodeni, yize lungaqhamuka nakwabesifazane banoma yibuphi ubudala, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, amehlo nezinwele ngoba lunemelanin encane, okuyisikhumba sombala esivikela imisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvela ngesigaxa esibomvu esikhunjeni noma umhuzuko ovele uxebule bese wenza uqweqwe, noma ubukeke njengemvukuzane.

Ukuvezwa yilanga yiyona nto ebanga i-squamous cell carcinoma kodwa kungenzeka nakulabo abelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemishanguzo ye-radiotherapy noma abanezinkinga zesikhumba ezingapheli, njengamanxeba angapholi. Ngokuvamile, abantu okutholakala ukuthi bane-actinic keratosis patch, futhi abangayitholi imishanguzo ekhonjiswe ngudokotela, nabo banethuba elikhulu lokuthola lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Lapho ingavela khona: ingavela noma kuphi emzimbeni kepha ivame kakhulu ezifundeni ezivezwe yilanga, njengesikhumba, ikhanda, izindlebe, izindebe noma intamo, okukhombisa izimpawu zokulimala kwelanga njengokulahlekelwa ukuqina, ukugoqana noma ukuguquka kombala wesikhumba.

Okufanele ngikwenze: Njengezinye izinhlobo, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wesikhumba ukuze uqinisekise uhlobo lwesisi bese uqala ukwelashwa, okuthi, kulezi zimo, kuqalwe kwenziwe ngokuhlinzwa okuncane noma ngenye indlela, njengokufaka amakhaza, ukususa iningi amaseli aguquliwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kunesidingo, i-radiotherapy nayo ingenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhipha amaseli asele.

3. I-Merkel carcinoma

I-Merkel cell carcinoma uhlobo lomdlavuza ongajwayelekile we-melanoma futhi luvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile ngenxa yokuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside ezimpilweni zabo noma kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame ukuvela njengesigaxa esingenabuhlungu, esinombala wesikhumba noma esibomvu okwesibhakabhaka ebusweni, ekhanda noma entanyeni futhi sithambekele ekukhuleni futhi sisabalale ngokushesha nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lapho ingavela khona: ingavela ebusweni, ekhanda noma entanyeni, kepha futhi ingakhula noma kuphi emzimbeni, ngisho nasezindaweni ezingakhanyiselwa yilanga.

Okufanele ngikwenze: kudokotela wesikhumba kufanele kuboniswane naye uma kuvela ibala, amabele noma isigaxa esishintsha ngosayizi, ukuma noma umbala, sikhula ngokushesha noma sopha kalula ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka okuncane, njengokugeza isikhumba noma ukushefa, ngokwesibonelo. Udokotela wesikhumba kufanele ahlole isikhumba bese eqala ukwelashwa okufanele, okuthi kulezi zimo, kwenziwe ngokuhlinzwa, i-radiotherapy, i-immunotherapy noma i-chemotherapy.

4. I-melanoma ebulalayo

I-malignant melanoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluyingozi kunayo yonke futhi luvame ukuvela njengocezwana olumnyama oluzokhubazeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ingabulala uma ingakhonjwa kusenesikhathi, ngoba ingakhula ngokushesha futhi ifinyelele kwezinye izitho ezifana nephaphu. Nakhu ukuthi ungahlola kanjani isichibi sesikhumba ukubona ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi yi-melanoma.

Lapho ingavela khona: ivame ukukhula ezindaweni ezivezwe yilanga njengobuso, amahlombe, isikhumba sasekhanda noma izindlebe, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanebala elikhanyayo.

Okufanele ngikwenze: Njengoba lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lunethuba elikhulu lokwelashwa lapho ukwelashwa kuqalwa kusenesikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthi amabala amnyama, akhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi abe nokuma okungajwayelekile, ahlolwe ngokushesha ngudokotela wesikhumba. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kuqala ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe amangqamuzana amaningi, futhi ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube ne-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy ukuze kususwe amaseli asele esikhunjeni.

5. Ama-sarcomas esikhumba

Ama-sarcomas esikhumba, njenge-Kaposi's sarcoma noma i-dermatofibrosarcoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba obulalayo othinta izingqimba ezijulile zesikhumba.

I-Dermatofibrosarcoma ingavela ngokuzenzekelayo ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka okuthile, esibanda sokuhlinzwa noma sokusha, ngokutheleleka ngohlobo lwe-herpes virus 8 (HHV8) noma ngokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Imvamisa kuvame kakhulu ezinsizweni, kepha futhi kungavela nakwabesifazane, noma ngabe ibuphi ubudala, futhi kuvela njengendawo ebomvu noma nsomi esikhunjeni futhi kungafana nenduna, isibazi noma uphawu lokuzalwa, ikakhulukazi esiqwini somzimba. Ngezigaba ezithuthuke kakhulu kungakha amanxeba endaweni yesimila, ukopha noma i-necrosis yesikhumba esithintekile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-sarcoma kaKaposi, ivame kakhulu kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengabantu abafakelwe esinye isifo noma abanesifo se-HIV noma uhlobo lwegciwane le-herpes 8. Lolu hlobo lwesimila lubonakala njengamabala abomvu ngokunsomi esikhunjeni. futhi kungathinta umzimba wonke. Funda kabanzi nge-Kaparc's sarcoma.

Lapho ingavela khona: okuvame kakhulu ukuvela esiqwini, ekhanda, entanyeni, emilenzeni, ezingalweni nasezimweni ezingavamile esifundeni sangasese.

Okufanele ngikwenze: kudokotela wesikhumba kufanele kuboniswane naye uma kuvela indawo ebomvu esikhunjeni ukuthola ukuxilongwa okwanele. Lolu hlobo lwesimila lunolaka, lungasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi kufanele lulashwe ngokuhlinzwa, ngemisebe noma ngemolekyuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kufanele balandelwe njalo futhi baphuze imishanguzo yokulawula ukutheleleka.