Izinhlobo eziyisi-4 zesifo sikashukela

-Delile

• 1. Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
• 2. Thayipha 2 sikashukela
• Umehluko phakathi kohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela
• 3. Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa
• 4. Ezinye izinhlobo

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo sikashukela mellitus uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2, ezinokungafani okuthile, njengokuhlobene nesizathu sazo, futhi zingazimela, njengakwisimo sohlobo 1, noma ezihlotshaniswa nezakhi zofuzo nemikhuba yokuphila, njengokwenzeka ngohlobo 2.

Lezi zinhlobo zesifo sikashukela zingahluka ngokwendlela yokwelashwa, engenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi emaphilisi noma ngokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin.

Kodwa-ke, kusekhona okunye okwehlukile kwalezi zinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, okuyisifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, esivela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ngenxa yezinguquko kuma-hormone zalesi sikhathi, iLatent Autoimmune Diabetes of the Adult, noma i-LADA, kanye Isifo sikashukela sokukhula kwabasakhulayo, noma iMODY, ehlanganisa izici zohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.

Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda kangcono umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isifo ngasinye sikhula kanjani:

1. Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yisifo esizimele, lapho umzimba uhlasela ngokungafanele amaseli amanyikwe aveza i-insulin, awabhubhise. Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, kubangela ukuqoqwa kweglucose egazini, okungadala ukulimala ezithweni ezahlukahlukene, njengokuhluleka kwezinso, ukuphinda kubhekwe emzimbeni noma i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela.

Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo kungenzeka singabangeli izimpawu, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo singavela:

• Isifiso esivamile sokuchama;
• Ukoma ngokweqile nendlala;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame ukutholakala ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni, njengoba kulapho kwenzeka khona lolu shintsho ekuvikelekeni komzimba.

Imvamisa, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kwenziwa ngemijovo yansuku zonke ye-insulin, ngaphezu koshukela ophansi kanye nokudla okuphansi kwe-carbohydrate. Thola ukuthi kumele udle ini nokuthi yini okufanele uyidle futhi okungafanele uyidle uma unesifo sikashukela.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi iziguli zigcine ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, ngaphansi kokuholwa nguthisha, ukusiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela nokugcina imetabolism elawulwayo.

2. Thayipha 2 sikashukela

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela, olubangelwa yizici zofuzo kanye nemikhuba emibi yokuphila, njengokudla ushukela ngokweqile, amafutha, ukungasebenzi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala, okubangela ukukhubazeka ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni kwe-insulin ku umzimba.

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lutholwa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, njengoba lukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi, ezigabeni zokuqala, aluzibangeli izimpawu, lubangele ukulimala emzimbeni buthule. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezinzima nezingalashwa, kungadala lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukuzizwa njalo kokoma;
• Indlala enehaba;
• Ukukhuthaza njalo ukuchama;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala;
• Kunzima ekuphulukisweni kwesilonda;
• Ukubona okufiphele.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela, umuntu wayevame ukuba nesikhathi sikashukela egazini eliphakeme izinyanga ezimbalwa noma iminyaka, okubizwa nge-pre-diabetes. Kulesi sigaba, kusenokwenzeka ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo, ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yomzimba nokulawulwa kokudla. Qonda ukuthi ungazikhomba kanjani futhi uzelaphe ama-prediabetes ukuvikela lesi sifo ukuthi singakhuli.

Ukwelashwa kohlobo lwesibili sikashukela kwenziwa ngemithi yokulawula i-glucose yegazi, njenge-metformin, i-glibenclamide noma i-gliclazide, ngokwesibonelo, enqunywe ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma i-endocrinologist. Kepha, kuya ngempilo yesiguli noma ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela egazini, ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwe-insulin kungadingeka.

Ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwemithi, kufanele futhi ugcine nokudla okulawulwayo koshukela namanye ama-carbohydrate kanye namafutha, ngaphezu kokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo. Lezi zinyathelo zibalulekile ekulawuleni kahle lesi sifo nasekugugeni okunempilo engcono. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa nemiphumela yohlobo lwesibili sikashukela.

Umehluko phakathi kohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela

Ithebula lifingqa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela:

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okukhomba ushukela owedlulele ekusakazeni, njengokuzila ukudla i-glucose, i-hemoglobin eglycated, ukuhlolwa kokubekezelelana kwe-glucose kanye nokuhlolwa kweglucose. Bona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlola kanye namagugu aqinisekisa isifo sikashukela.

3. Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sivela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi singatholwa ezivivinyweni zokuhlolwa kwe-glucose ngemuva kwamasonto angama-22 ekhulelwe, futhi kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni kwe-insulin emzimbeni.

Imvamisa kwenzeka kwabesifazane asebevele benokuthambekela kofuzo noma abanemikhuba engemihle yokuphila, njengokudla ngamafutha noshukela omningi.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ziyefana nalezo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kanti ukwelashwa kwazo kwenziwa ngokudla okwanele nokuzivocavoca ukulawula isifo sikashukela, njengoba kuvame ukunyamalala ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin kuyadingeka ekulawuleni i-glucose eyanele yegazi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, ubungozi baso nokuthi ungaselapha kanjani.

4. Ezinye izinhlobo

Kukhona nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela, ezingavamile kakhulu futhi ezingadalwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Isifo Sikashukela Esizenzakalelayo Sabantu Abadala, noma i-LADA, luhlobo lwesifo sikashukela oluzenzakalelayo, kepha lwenzeka kubantu abadala. Lolu hlobo luvame ukusolwa kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 abanokukhubazeka okusheshayo komsebenzi we-pancreatic futhi abadinga ukusebenzisa i-insulin kusenesikhathi;
• Isifo sikashukela sokuvuthwa kwabasakhulayo, noma IMODY, wuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esivela kubantu abasha, kodwa luthambile kunohlobo lwesifo sikashukela futhi lufana nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin akudingekile zisuka nje. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luya ngokuya luvame kakhulu, ngenxa yokwanda kwesibalo sezingane ezinokukhuluphala;
• Ukukhubazeka kofuzo lokho kungadala ushintsho ekukhiqizeni noma ekusebenzeni kwe-insulin;
• Izifo zepancreatic, njenge-tumor, ukutheleleka noma i-fibrosis;
• Izifo ze-Endocrine, njenge-Cushing's syndrome, i-pheochromocytoma ne-acromegaly, isibonelo;
• Isifo sikashukela sibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, njenge-corticosteroids.

Kunesifo futhi esibizwa ngesifo sikashukela insipidus okuthi, yize inegama elifanayo, singesona isifo sikashukela, ekubeni yisifo esihlobene nokushintshwa kwamahomoni akhiqiza umchamo. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngalesi sifo, bheka ukuthi ungasibona kanjani futhi uselaphe i-insipidus sikashukela.