Izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-Atopic Dermatitis

-Delile

• Imikhiqizo ye-OTC
• Izithambisi
• Amafutha
• Amakhilimu
• Amafutha
• Ama-steroids aphezulu
• Ama-antihistamine omlomo
• Imithi kadokotela
• Ama-steroids asemuva
• Ama-topical calcineurin inhibitors
• Ama-anti-inflammatories anomjovo
• Imithi yomlomo
• I-Phototherapy
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

I-Atopic dermatitis (AD) yisifo esingalapheki sesikhumba esithinta abantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi-18. Kubonakala ngesikhumba esomile nokushaya okuqhubekayo. I-AD wuhlobo oluvamile lwe-eczema.

Ukuthola uhlelo oluhle lokuvikela nokwelashwa kwe-AD kubalulekile ekulawuleni izimpawu. I-AD engalashwa izoqhubeka nokunwaya futhi iholele ekuklwebheni okuningi. Uma usuqala ukunwaya, usengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.

Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kungakusiza ugcine izinga eliphezulu lempilo futhi ulale kangcono. Kokubili kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka, okungaholela ekwandeni kwama-flare-ups.

Yize lungekho ikhambi le-AD, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo ye-over-the-counter (OTC), imishanguzo kadokotela, kanye ne-phototherapy.

Imikhiqizo ye-OTC

Izinketho eziningi zokwelashwa kwe-AD ziyatholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.

Izithambisi

Ukusuthisa isikhumba kungenye yezindlela ezilula neziphumelela kakhulu zokwelashwa kwe-AD. Ukhulula isikhumba esomile esidalwe yi-AD, kufanele ungeze umswakama esikhunjeni. Indlela engcono yokwenza lokhu ukusebenzisa amafutha okuthambisa ngokushesha emva kokugeza, ngenkathi isikhumba sisamanzi.

Ama-moisturizers e-OTC yisixazululo esihle sokwelapha isikhathi eside. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukahlukene zokuthambisa:

Amafutha

Ama-lotion yizithambisi ezilula kunazo zonke. I-Lotion ingumxube wamanzi namafutha ongawasakaza kalula esikhunjeni. Kodwa-ke, amanzi agcotshwayo ayahwamuka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kungenzeka kungabi ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwe-AD enamandla.

Amakhilimu

Ukhilimu uyingxube ye-semisolid kawoyela namanzi. Okuqukethwe uwoyela kuphakeme kakhulu kunokhilimu. Ukhilimu ugcwala kakhulu kune-lotion, okusho ukuthi basithambisa kangcono isikhumba. Amakhrim ayindlela enhle yokuthambisa nsuku zonke yesikhumba esomile njalo.

Amafutha

Amafutha angama-semisolid greases anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kawoyela namanzi amancane kakhulu kunama-lotion nokhilimu. Amafutha athambisa kakhulu futhi kufanele abe nezithako ezimbalwa kuphela. Amafutha alula kakhulu yi-petroleum jelly, enesithako esisodwa kuphela.

Ukuba nezithako ezimbalwa kakhulu kwenza amafutha okugcoba abe inketho enhle kulabo abanesikhumba esibucayi. Ngoba lezi zakhiwo zizwakala zinamafutha esikhunjeni, kungaba ngcono ukuzisebenzisa ngaphambi kokulala.

Ama-steroids aphezulu

Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwesikhashana, ama-corticosteroids amancane asezingeni eliphansi atholakala ekhawunteni. Okhilimu be-hydrocortisone abanamandla aphansi (iCortaid, iNutracort) bayatholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezidayisa izidakamizwa nasezitolo zokudla.

Ungafaka i-hydrocortisone ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthambisa isikhumba sakho. Kusebenza kakhulu ekwelapheni i-flare-up.

I-American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) incoma ukwelapha indawo ethintekile kabili nsuku zonke. Izihloko ze-corticosteroids akuzona ezokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Esikhundleni salokho, i-AAD incoma ukusetshenziswa kokuvimbela ngezikhathi ezithile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa i-hydrocortisone kanye noma kabili ngesonto ezindaweni ezivame ukuqhuma.

Ama-antihistamine omlomo

Ama-antihistamine we-OTC omlomo angangezelela ukwelashwa ngezihloko kwe-AD. Ngokusho kwe-AAD, izifundo ngokusebenza kwama-antihistamines zixubekile. Ama-antihistamine awanconywa ngokujwayelekile njengokwelashwa okuzimele.

Kodwa-ke, ama-antihistamine afana ne-diphenhydramine (iBenadryl) angasiza ukuphatha umjikelezo wokunwaya. Umphumela omncane wokuthambisa ungasiza futhi uma ukulunywa kwakho kukugcina uphapheme ebusuku.

Imithi kadokotela

Uma usalwa nama-flares ngezinketho ze-OTC, udokotela wakho angakubhalela incwadi kadokotela. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi kadokotela esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-AD.

Ama-steroids asemuva

Ama-steroids amaningi asendabeni atholakala kuphela ngemithi kadokotela. Ama-topical steroids ahlelwe yi-potency. Zisuka kusigaba 1 (esiqine kakhulu) kuya esigabeni 7 (esinamandla amancane). Iningi le-topical steroids enamandla kakhulu alifanele izingane, ngakho-ke hlala uthintane nodokotela wengane yakho kuqala.

Ama-steroids aphezulu angalungiswa njengama-lotion, okhilimu, noma amafutha okugcoba asetshenziswa esikhumbeni. Njengama-moisturizers, amafutha okugcoba angaba yindlela engcono kakhulu uma okhilimu bevame ukudala ukushisa noma ukuluma.

Ama-topical calcineurin inhibitors

Ama-topical calcineurin inhibitors (ama-TCIs) ayisigaba esisha somuthi olwa nokuvuvukala. Aziqukethe ama-steroids. Kodwa-ke ziyasebenza ekwelapheni ukuqubuka nokunwaya okubangelwa yi-AD.

Kukhona ama-TCIs amabili kadokotela emakethe namuhla: i-pimecrolimus (i-Elidel) ne-tacrolimus (i-Protopic).

Ngo-2006, i-U.S.Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) yanezela ilebula elimnyama lokuxwayisa ekufakweni kwale mithi emibili. Isexwayiso sazisa abathengi ngokuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kwama-TCIs nomdlavuza.

I-FDA iyavuma ukuthi kuzothatha amashumi eminyaka yocwaningo ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ikhona yini ingozi engokoqobo efakazelwe. Okwamanje, i-FDA incoma ukuthi le mithi isetshenziswe kuphela njengezinketho zokwelashwa komugqa wesibili.

Uma udokotela wakho enquma ukuthi i-AD yakho ayiphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, bangahle bacabangele ukwelashwa kwesikhashana ngama-TCIs.

Ama-anti-inflammatories anomjovo

Omunye umuthi omusha wamukelwa ngo-2017 yi-FDA. I-Dupilumab (iDupixent), i-anti-inflammatory ejojowe, ingasetshenziswa eceleni kwe-corticosteroids.

Imithi yomlomo

Imigomo yezihloko iyindlela yokwelashwa ejwayelekile futhi efundwa kakhulu ye-AD. Kwesinye isikhathi, udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi yomlomo efana nale:

• i-corticosteroids yomlomo ye-AD esakazekile, enzima futhi engazweli
• i-cyclosporine noma i-interferon ye-AD enamandla
• ama-antibiotic uma uhlakulela ukutheleleka kwesikhumba kwegciwane

I-Phototherapy

I-Phototherapy isho ukwelashwa ngokukhanya. Ukwelashwa nge -bandband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) light kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-phototherapy kubantu abane-AD. Ukwelashwa nge-NB-UVB kuqeda izingozi ezilimaza isikhumba se-ultraviolet A (UVA) ekukhanyeni elangeni.

I-Phototherapy iyindlela enhle yomugqa wesibili uma ungaphenduli ekwelashweni okujwayelekile. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesondlo.

Izindleko nokufinyeleleka yizona ezimbili zokuhlambalaza okukhulu. Uzodinga ukufinyelela ekwelashweni nge-phototherapy kabili noma kathathu ngesonto. Lokhu kungadinga isikhathi nezindleko ezibalulekile zokuhamba.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelashwa, kufanele ube nethemba lokuthi uzothola indlela yokuphatha izimpawu zakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokwakhela uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokwelashwa kwe-AD. Uma udokotela wakho ekubhalela incwadi kadokotela entsha, qiniseka ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa okufanele.