Ungakuphatha Kanjani Ukudangala Okumelana Nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Kuyini ukucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelashweni?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukudangala okungazweli ekwelashweni?
• Yini ebangela ukucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelashweni?
• Ukuxilongwa okungalungile
• Izici zofuzo
• Ukuphazamiseka komzimba
• Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi
• Kuphathwa kanjani ukucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelashweni?
• Izidambisi
• Eminye imithi
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo
• Izinqubo
• Kuthiwani ngokusetshenziswa kwezikhuthazi?
• Uyini umbono?

Kuyini ukucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelashweni?

Ukuzizwa udangele noma ungenathemba ngezikhathi ezithile kuyinto ejwayelekile futhi engokwemvelo yokuphila. Kwenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu. Kubantu abanokudangala, le mizwa ingaba namandla futhi ihlale isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni emsebenzini, ekhaya, noma esikoleni.

Ukudangala kuvame ukwelashwa ngenhlanganisela yemithi elwa nokudangala kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi i-psychotherapy. Kwabanye, imishanguzo yokulwa nengcindezi inikeza usizo olwanele ngokwabo.

Ngenkathi ama-anti-depressants esebenza kahle kubantu abaningi, awazenzi ngcono izimpawu zabantu abanokucindezeleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qaphela kuphela ukwenziwa ngcono okuncane kwezimpawu zabo.

Ukudangala okungaphenduli kuma-anti-depressants kwaziwa njengokucindezelwa okungazweli ekwelashweni. Abanye baphinde bakubize ngokuthi ukucindezeleka okwenziwa ukwelashwa.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokudangala okungazweli ekwelashweni, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokwelashwa ezingasiza.

Kutholakala kanjani ukudangala okungazweli ekwelashweni?

Azikho izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuxilonga zokucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelashweni, kepha odokotela ngokuvamile bakwenza lokhu kuxilongwa uma othile ezame okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili zemithi elwa nokudangala ngaphandle kokuthuthuka.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo sokudangala esimelana nokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuvela kudokotela. Ngenkathi ungahle ube nokudangala okungazweli ekwelashweni, bazofuna ukuhlola izinto ezimbalwa kuqala, njenge:

• Ngabe ukucindezeleka kwakho kwatholakala kahle kwasekuqaleni?
• Ingabe zikhona ezinye izimo ezingadala noma zenze izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu?
• Ngabe i-antidepressant yayisetshenziswa ngomthamo ofanele?
• Ngabe i-antidepressant yathathwa kahle?
• Ngabe i-antidepressant izanywe isikhathi eside ngokwanele?

Ama-anti-depressants awasebenzi ngokushesha. Imvamisa zidinga ukuthathwa amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngemithamo efanelekile ukubona umphumela ogcwele. Kubalulekile ukuthi imithi izanywe isikhathi eside ngokwanele ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuthi ayisebenzi.

Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi abantu abakhombisa ukuthuthuka okuthile phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa beqala i-antidepressant maningi amathuba okuthi ekugcineni babe nokuthuthuka okugcwele ezimpawu zabo.

Labo abangenayo impendulo ekuqaleni kokwelashwa abanamathuba amancane okuthuthuka okugcwele, noma ngabe sekwedlule amasonto ambalwa.

Yini ebangela ukucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelashweni?

Ochwepheshe abaqiniseki ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bengaphenduli kuma-anti-depressants, kodwa kunemibono eminingi.

Ezinye zezinto ezidume kakhulu zifaka:

Ukuxilongwa okungalungile

Enye yezinkolelo-mbono ezivame kakhulu ukuthi abantu abangayiphenduli imishanguzo abanayo inkinga enkulu yokudangala. Bangaba nezimpawu ezifana nalezo zokudangala, kepha empeleni bane-bipolar disorder noma ezinye izimo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo.

Izici zofuzo

Isici esisodwa noma eziningi zofuzo cishe zinendima ekucindezelekeni okungazweli ekwelashweni.

Ukwehluka okuthile kofuzo kungakhuphula indlela umzimba owehlisa ngayo ama-anti-depressants, okungawenza angasebenzi kahle. Okunye ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kungashintsha indlela umzimba ophendula ngayo kuma-anti-depressants.

Ngenkathi ucwaningo oluningi ludingeka kule ndawo, odokotela manje banga-oda ukuhlolwa kofuzo okungasiza ukuthola ukuthi imaphi ama-anti-depressants azokusebenzela kangcono.

Ukuphazamiseka komzimba

Enye inkolelo ukuthi abantu abangaphenduli ekwelashweni bangacubungula izakhi ezithile ngokuhlukile. Ucwaningo oluthile lwathola ukuthi abanye abantu abangayiphenduli imishanguzo yokulwa nengcindezi banamazinga aphansi e-folate kuketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla (i-cerebrospinal fluid).

Noma kunjalo, akekho oqinisekile ukuthi yini ebangela leli zinga eliphansi le-folate noma ukuthi lihlobene kanjani nokudangala okumelana nokwelashwa.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi

Abaphenyi baphinde bathola izinto ezithile ezandisa ubungozi bakho bokuba nokudangala okungazweli ekwelashweni.

Lezi zici zobungozi zifaka:

• Ubude bokucindezeleka. Abantu abanesifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu isikhathi eside maningi amathuba okuthi babe nokudangala okungazweli ekwelashweni.
• Ubukhulu bezimpawu. Abantu abanezimpawu zokucindezeleka ezinzima noma izimpawu ezincane kakhulu abanamathuba amancane okuphendula kahle kuma-anti-depressants.
• Ezinye izimo. Abantu abanezinye izimo, njengokukhathazeka, kanye nokudangala kungenzeka ukuthi babe nokudangala okungaphenduli kuma-anti-depressants.

Kuphathwa kanjani ukucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelashweni?

Ngaphandle kwegama lalo, ukucindezelwa okungazweli ekwelashweni kungalashwa. Kungathatha isikhashana ukuthola uhlelo olulungile.

Izidambisi

Imithi elwa nokudangala iyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha ukucindezeleka. Uma uke wazama ama-anti-depressants ngaphandle kwempumelelo enkulu, udokotela wakho kungenzeka aqale ngokusikisela i-antidepressant esigabeni esihlukile sezidakamizwa.

Isigaba sezidakamizwa siyiqoqo lemithi esebenza ngendlela efanayo. Izigaba ezahlukahlukene zezidakamizwa zokulwa nengcindezi zifaka:

• i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe, njenge-citalopram (Celexa), i-escitalopram (Lexapro), i-fluoxetine (i-Prozac), i-paroxetine (i-Paxil), ne-sertraline (i-Zoloft)
• i-serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, efana ne-desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), i-duloxetine (i-Cymbalta), i-levomilnacipran (i-Fetzima), i-milnacipran (i-Savella), ne-venlafaxine (i-Effexor)
• i-norepinephrine ne-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, efana ne-bupropion (Wellbutrin)
• i-tetracycline antidepressants, efana ne-maprotiline (Ludiomil) ne-mirtazapine
• i-tricyclic antidepressants, njenge-amitriptyline, desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Silenor), imipramine (Tofranil), ne-nortriptyline (Pamelor)
• i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors, efana ne-phenelzine (Nardil), selegiline (Emsam), ne-tranylcypromine (i-Parnate)

Uma i-anti-depressant yokuqala oyizamile bekuyi-serotonin reuptake inhibitor ekhethiwe, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi ngabe kune-anti-depressant ehlukile kuleli klasi noma i-antidepressant ekilasini elihlukile.

Uma ukuthatha i-anti-depressant eyodwa kungazithuthukisi izimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angaphinde anikeze imishanguzo emibili okufanele ithathwe ngasikhathi sinye. Kwabanye abantu, inhlanganisela ingasebenza kangcono kunokuthatha umuthi owodwa uwedwa.

Eminye imithi

Uma i-anti-depressant iyodwa ingazithuthukisi izimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angahle anikeze uhlobo olwehlukile lwemithi ongayithatha ngalo.

Ukuhlanganisa eminye imithi ne-anti-depressant kwesinye isikhathi kusebenza kangcono kune-anti-depressant uqobo. Lezi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yimithi yokwengeza.

Eminye imithi evame ukusetshenziswa ngama-anti-depressants ifaka:

• i-lithium (i-Lithobid)
• ama-antipsychotic, njenge-aripiprazole (Abilify), i-olanzapine (iZyprexa), noma i-quetiapine (iSeroquel)
• i-hormone yegilo

Eminye imithi udokotela wakho angayincoma ifaka:

• izidakamizwa ze-dopamine, njenge-pramipexole (Mirapex) ne-ropinirole (i-Requip)
• ketamine

Izithako zokudla okunempilo nazo zingasiza, ikakhulukazi uma unokuntula. Ezinye zazo zingabandakanya:

• uwoyela wezinhlanzi noma i-omega-3 fatty acids
• i-folic acid
• L-methylfolate
• ademetionine
• zinc

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo

Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu abangaphumeleli kakhulu ukuthatha imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa bathola ukuthi ukwelashwa kwengqondo noma ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) kusebenza kakhulu. Kepha udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ukuthi uqhubeke uthatha imishanguzo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye kukhombisa ukuthi i-CBT ithuthukisa izimpawu kubantu abangathuthuki ngemuva kokuthatha imishanguzo. Futhi, eziningi zalezi zifundo zibandakanya abantu ngasikhathi sinye ukuthatha imishanguzo nokwenza i-CBT.

Izinqubo

Uma imishanguzo nokwelashwa kungabonakali kwenza iqhinga, kunezinqubo ezimbalwa ezingasiza.

Izinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukucindezeleka okumelana nokwelashwa zifaka:

• Ukugqugquzela izinzwa ze-Vagus. Ukuvuselelwa kwezinzwa ze-Vagus kusebenzisa idivaysi efakiwe ukuthumela umfutho omncane kagesi ohlelweni lwemizwa lomzimba wakho, olungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu zokudangala.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Electroconvulsive. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ibilokhu ikhona kusukela ngawo-1930 futhi ekuqaleni yayaziwa ngokuthi i-electroshock therapy. Emashumini ambalwa edlule, ayithandeki futhi ihlala ingundabuzekwayo. Kepha kungasebenza ezimweni lapho kungekho okunye okusebenzayo. Odokotela bavame ukugcina le ndlela yokwelashwa njengesinqumo sokugcina.

Kunezinhlobo zokwelashwa ezihlukile abanye abantu abazama ngazo ukucindezelwa okungazweli ekwelashweni. Akukho ucwaningo oluningi lokusekela ukusebenza kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha, kepha kungakufanele ukuzama ukwengeza ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• ukutshopa
• ukugqugquzela ubuchopho obujulile
• ukwelashwa okulula
• ukukhuthazwa kwamagnetic transcranial

Kuthiwani ngokusetshenziswa kwezikhuthazi?

Eminyakeni yamuva, kunesithakazelo esikhulu ekusebenziseni imishanguzo evuselelayo kanye ne-anti-depressants ukuthuthukisa ukucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelashweni.

Izikhuthazi ezisetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi ngama-anti-depressants zifaka:

• i-modafinil (i-Provigil)
• i-methylphenidate (Ritalin)
• lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
• Adderall

Kepha kuze kube manje, ucwaningo oluzungeze ukusetshenziswa kwezikhuthazi ekwelapheni ukucindezeleka aluhlangani.

Isibonelo, ocwaningweni olulodwa, ukusebenzisa i-methylphenidate ne-anti-depressants akuzange kuthuthukise izimpawu zokucindezeleka.

Imiphumela efanayo itholakele kolunye ucwaningo olubheke ukusetshenziswa kwe-methylphenidate ene-anti-depressants kanye neyohlola ukusebenzisa i-modafinil ene-antidepressants.

Noma lezi zifundo zingatholanga nzuzo yonke, zikhombisile ukuthuthuka kwezinye izimpawu, njengokukhathala nokukhathala.

Ngakho-ke, izikhuthazi zingaba inketho uma unesifo sokukhathala noma ukukhathala ngokweqile okungathuthuki nge-anti-depressants kuphela. Zingaba futhi inketho uma unenkinga yokushoda kokungasebenzi kahle kwengqondo kanye nokudangala.

ILisdexamfetamine ingesinye sezikhuthazi ezifundwa kahle kunazo zonke ezisetshenziselwa ukucindezelwa okungazweli ekwelashweni. Yize ezinye izifundo zithole izimpawu ezithuthukisiwe lapho zihlangene nezidambisi, olunye ucwaningo alutholanga nzuzo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo ezine ze-lisdexamfetamine kanye ne-anti-depressants kutholakale ukuthi le nhlanganisela ibingasizi ngalutho kunokuthatha imishanguzo yokulwisana yedwa.

Uyini umbono?

Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka okumelana nokwelashwa kungaba nzima, kodwa akunakwenzeka. Ngesikhathi esincane nokubekezela, wena nodokotela wakho ningenza uhlelo lokwelashwa oluthuthukisa izimpawu zakho.

Okwamanje, cabanga ukuxhumana nabanye ababhekene nezinselelo ezifanayo zokuxhaswa nolwazi mayelana nokuthi yini okusebenzele.

INational Alliance on Mental Illness inikeza uhlelo olubizwa ngePeer to Peer olubandakanya izikhathi eziyishumi zokufundisa zamahhala ezidiliza konke kusuka ekukhulumeni nodokotela wakho kuze kube manje ocwaningweni lwakamuva.

Ungafunda futhi ngokukhetha kwethu amabhulogi wonyaka wokucindezeleka angcono kakhulu.