Izinhlobo zesimila sobuchopho, ukwelashwa kanye ne-sequelae engenzeka

-Delile

• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• 2. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe
• 3. I-Radiotherapy
• 4. Ukuhlinzwa
• 5. Ukwelashwa okusekelayo
• I-sequelae engenzeka

Isimila sobuchopho sibonakala ngokuba khona nokukhula kwamaseli angajwayelekile ebuchosheni noma kuma-meninges, okuyizimbungulu ezihambisana nobuchopho nomgogodla. Lolu hlobo lwesimila lungaba nobungozi noma lube yingozi futhi izimbangela azichazwa kahle, kepha kungenzeka ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo noma ngenxa yomdlavuza wesifo somdlavuza ovela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengomdlavuza webele, ngokwesibonelo.

Izimpawu zesimila ebuchosheni zincike endaweni, usayizi nohlobo lwesimila, kepha zivame ukudala ikhanda elibi kakhulu, ukungaboni kahle, ukungalingani nokuquleka. Yazi ezinye izimpawu zesimila sobuchopho.

Isimila sobuchopho akuvamile ukuthi sidale i-metastasis, okungukuthi, sisakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ngoba imvamisa amaseli amabi alesi sifo akhula futhi ande ebuchosheni uqobo. Izicubu eziningi zobuchopho zinobungozi futhi zinemikhawulo echazwe kahle, okungukuthi, ziyelapheka futhi zingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zesimila esibi, ukwelashwa kungahle kusekelwe ekhemotherapy, ekwelashweni ngemisebe noma ekwelapheni okuhlosiwe.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Isigaxa sobuchopho singahlukaniswa njengesiyinhloko, lapho amaseli angajwayelekile evela ohlelweni lwezinzwa uqobo, noma okwesibili, okwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana engqamuzana angajwayelekile ebuchosheni evela kwesinye isitho esinomdlavuza, njengephaphu, izinso, amathumbu noma isifuba. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesimila esiyinhloko sobuchopho yilezi:

• I-Meningioma: kubonakala ngokutholakala kwesimila kuma-meninges, okuyizimbungulu ezizungeze futhi zivikele isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;
• I-Glioblastoma: wuhlobo lwesimila ebuchosheni oluthinta amaseli we-glial, anesibopho sokusiza imisebenzi ye-neurons;
• I-Astrocytoma: lolu hlobo lwesimila esiyinhloko luthinta amangqamuzana asekela ama-neuron futhi ubunzima buyahlukahluka ngosayizi nezici zawo, futhi lungaba nobungozi noma lube yingozi;
• IMedulloblastoma: luhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila sobuchopho ezinganeni, luthinta i-cerebellum futhi imvamisa luvame ukuba nempendulo enhle ekwelashweni;
• I-pituitary adenoma: ibonakala ngokubandakanyeka kwendlala ezansi kobuchopho, i-adenohypophysis, okudala imiphumela kuwo wonke umzimba.

Kukhona nama-ependymomas, okuluhlobo lwesimila ebuchosheni esivela kumaseli we-ependymal, abhekele ulwelwesi lwe-neural tube, okungukuthi, izicubu ezihlanganisa uhlelo lwezinzwa.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwesimila ebuchosheni kuyahlukahluka ngosayizi, uhlobo, izinga lesimila futhi kuncike ekutheni isimila sesisabalalele yini kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa zingakhonjiswa ngudokotela oncologist, okulandelayo:

1. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy wuhlobo lwezokwelapha oluqukethe ukufaka izidakamizwa ngqo emthanjeni, ngokusebenzisa ipayipi, ngenhloso yokubhubhisa amangqamuzana wesimila abangela isimila sobuchopho. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kulawa macala yi-carmustine ne-temozolomide, engasetshenziswa futhi ngendlela yamaphilisi.

Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa, kepha, lungabhubhisa namaseli aphilile, abangele imiphumela emibi efana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukukhathala noma uhudo, isibonelo. Bona eminye imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Ukweqiwa kwalezi zidakamizwa zamakhemikhali kanye nenani lamaseshini akhonjisiwe kuzokhonjiswa yi-oncologist futhi, imvamisa, izinhlelo zenziwa kungakapheli isikhathi sokuthi amangqamuzana aphilile alulame.

2. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe kuqukethe izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngqo kwizakhi zofuzo kanye namaprotheni kumaseli wesifo sobuchopho, okuvimbela ukukhula nokusiza ukuqeda lolu hlobo lwesimila. Ngale ndlela, kanye nokusebenza kwale mithi, amasosha omzimba ayaqiniswa namaseli okuvikela omzimba nawo alwa nesimila sobuchopho.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe lolu hlobo lokwelashwa, kudingeka ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okuthile ukuze kutholakale lezi zakhi zofuzo namaprotheni avela kumaseli ezinwele, hhayi zonke izinhlobo zamathumba ezinemithi yalolu hlobo yokwelashwa. Isidakamizwa i-bevacizumab siyisibonelo sokwelashwa okuhlosiwe okusetshenziswe ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezicubu zobuchopho, umthamo wazo ozoncika kubukhulu nobukhulu besimila.

3. I-Radiotherapy

I-Radiotherapy isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isimila sobuchopho ngokusetshenziswa okuqondile kwemishayo yemisebe ekhishwa umshini othile, obizwa ngokuthi i-accelerator eqondile, efana nomshini owenza i-tomography kanye ne-magnetic resonance imaging. Le mishayo yemisebe isebenza ngqo endaweni yesimila, ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, isiza ukunciphisa nokuqeda isimila sobuchopho.

Kwezinye izimo, kungakhonjiswa i-brachytherapy, okuwuhlobo lwe-radiotherapy olwenziwe ngokufakwa kwe-radioactive, okufakwa ebuchosheni futhi okukhipha imisebe kancane kancane. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sehlukile ohlotsheni ngalunye lwesimila kanti i-radiotherapist iyona ekhombisa amaseshini nomthamo wemisebe. Yazi izinhlobo nokuthi i-radiotherapy ikhonjisiwe nini.

4. Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kungakhonjiswa ngokuya ngendawo yesimila sobuchopho, ngoba imvamisa inqubo ebucayi, edinga ukunakwa kakhulu kubahlinzayo, ngoba ubuchopho buyisitho esiqondisa imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, njengokukhuluma, ukubona kanye ukunyakaza.

Inqubo yokuhlinza nayo ingakhonjiswa njengengxenye yokuxilongwa, ngokusebenzisa i-biopsy yobuchopho, equkethe ukuthatha isampula lezicubu zobuchopho ukuyoyihlaziya elabhorethri futhi lokhu kubalulekile ngoba kungasiza udokotela oncologist ukuthi aqondise futhi ancome ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu. . Kukhona ne-radiosurgery, lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-radiotherapy ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kokukhishwa kwesimila ebuchosheni.

5. Ukwelashwa okusekelayo

Ukwelashwa okusekelayo kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi yokuqeda izimpawu ezibangelwa isimila sobuchopho, njenge, ngokwesibonelo, imishanguzo ye-corticosteroid esiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, yehlise ikhanda futhi inciphise namathuba okuthi umuntu abe nemiphumela yalokhu, njengokunyuka kwengcindezi yokungasebenzi.

Imithi yokulwisana nokuquleka nayo inganconywa ukuvimbela umuntu onesimila ebuchosheni ekubeni aquleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhonjiswa amakhambi we-analgesic okudambisa izinhlungu nemithi yokukhathazeka nokudangala, njengoba lolu hlobo lwesimila ludala ushintsho olungokomzwelo.

I-sequelae engenzeka

Isigaxa sobuchopho singathinta izakhiwo ezibalulekile zesistimu yezinzwa, ezingadala ushintsho ekugxileni, enkumbulweni, enkulumweni, ekuboneni nasekuhambeni komzimba.uhlangothi lomzimba lusele ngaphandle kokuhamba, ngokwesibonelo. Yazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-hemiplegia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwesimila sobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa, kungadala imiphumela emibi, njengokunciphisa ukunyakaza komzimba. Kodwa-ke, lapho nje kutholakala ukuthi umuntu unalolu hlobo lwesimila, kuchazwa iqembu lochwepheshe, elibizwa ngethimba lemikhakha ehlukahlukene, elizobheka izimo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-physiotherapy, ezobhekana nokugcina ukunyakaza, kanye owelapha ngokukhuluma ozokwenza. ukwelashwa kokukhuluma.