Yini i-Bias Yokuzenzela Futhi Yiziphi Izibonelo Zakho?

-Delile

• Kwenzenjani?
• Indawo yokulawula
• Izibonelo zokuzikhethela kokuzenzela
• Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene nokuzikhethela kokuzenzela
• Izisusa zokuchema
• Ukuzithuthukisa
• Ukuzethula
• Ezinye izinto ezinganquma ukukhetha kokuzenzela
• Indoda vs. owesifazane
• Okudala kuqhathaniswa nentsha
• Amasiko
• Kuvivinywa kanjani ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela?
• Yiziphi izingqinamba zokuzikhethela kokuzenzela?
• Ukuthatha

Kwenzenjani?

Cishe ujwayele ukucwasa okuzenzela, noma ngabe awazi ngegama.

Ukuchema kokuzenzela kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile womuntu othatha isikweletu ngemicimbi noma imiphumela emihle, kepha esola izinto ezingaphandle ngemicimbi engemihle. Lokhu kungathinteka ngeminyaka, isiko, ukuxilongwa kwemitholampilo, nokuningi. Kuvame ukwenzeka kabanzi kubantu abaningi.

Indawo yokulawula

Umqondo we-locus of control (LOC) usho uhlelo lokukholelwa komuntu mayelana nezimbangela zezehlakalo, kanye nokuhambisana okuhambisana nakho. Kunezigaba ezimbili ze-LOC: zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Uma umuntu ene-LOC yangaphakathi, bazokwabela impumelelo yabo emsebenzini wabo onzima, umzamo, nokuphikelela. Uma bane-LOC yangaphandle, bazobiza noma iyiphi impumelelo enhlanhleni noma okuthile okungaphandle kwabo.

Abantu abane-LOC yangaphakathi bangahle babe namathuba amaningi okukhombisa ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela bona, ikakhulukazi maqondana nempumelelo.

Izibonelo zokuzikhethela kokuzenzela

Ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela kwenzeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimo, kubo bonke ubulili, ubudala, amasiko, nokuningi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Isitshudeni sithola amamaki amahle esivivinyweni futhi sizitshele ukuthi sifunde kanzima noma sisebenza kahle kulokho okufundwayo. Uthola ibanga elibi kolunye uvivinyo futhi uthi uthisha akamthandi noma isivivinyo besingafanele.
• Abasubathi bawina umdlalo futhi bathi ukuwina kwabo basebenze kanzima nokuzilolonga. Lapho behlulwa ngesonto elilandelayo, basola ukulahlekelwa ngamakholi amabi abaphenyi.
• Ofaka isicelo somsebenzi ukholelwa ukuthi uqashiwe ngenxa yezimpumelelo zakhe, iziqu zakhe, kanye nengxoxo enhle kakhulu. Ngokuvulwa kwangaphambilini akazange athole isipho, uthi lowo obexoxisana naye akamthandi.

Umuntu onokudangala noma ukuzethemba okuphansi angahle aguqule ukukhetha okuzenzela: Banikeza izehlakalo ezimbi entweni abayenzile, nemicimbi emihle ngenhlanhla noma okuthile okwenziwe omunye umuntu.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene nokuzikhethela kokuzenzela

Izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene zenziwe ukutadisha ukukhetha okuzenzela. Kwesinye isifundo ngo-2011, abafundela phansi bagcwalisa isivivinyo esiku-inthanethi, babhekana nokungeniswa ngokomzwelo, bathola impendulo yokuhlolwa, kwabe sekudingeka ukuthi benze isincomo maqondana nokusebenza kwabo. Umcwaningi uthole ukuthi imizwa ethile ithonye ukucwasana kokuzenzela.

Olunye uvivinyo lwakudala olusuka ku-2003 luhlolisise isisekelo se-neural sokuzenzela okuzenzakalelayo usebenzisa izifundo ze-imaging, ikakhulukazi i-fMRI. Kutholakale ukuthi i-dorsal striatum - nayo etholakale isebenza emisebenzini yezimoto eyabelana ngezici zengqondo - ilawula ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela.

Izisusa zokuchema

Kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezisusa ezimbili zokusebenzisa ukukhetha okuzenzela: ukuzithuthukisa nokuzethula ngokwakho.

Ukuzithuthukisa

Umqondo wokuzithuthukisa usebenza esidingweni sokugcina ukuzihlonipha komuntu. Uma umuntu esebenzisa ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela, ukuzibeka ezintweni ezinhle nezinto ezingezinhle emandleni angaphandle kumsiza ukuthi azigcine ezinesithunzi futhi ezihlonipha.

Isibonelo, yithi udlala i-baseball bese ushaya. Uma ukholwa ukuthi umpempe ubize ngokungafanele ngokungafanele iziteleka ngenkathi empeleni uthole izinkundla ezimbi, ungagcina umqondo wokuthi ungumshayi omuhle.

Ukuzethula

Ukuzethula yilokho okuzwakala kunje - uqobo olunikezwa abanye abantu. Kuyisifiso ukuvela ngendlela ethile kwabanye abantu. Ngale ndlela, ukuchema kokuzenzela kusisiza ukuthi sigcine isithombe esisethula kwabanye.

Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukubonakala sengathi unemikhuba emihle yokutadisha, ungasho ukuthi amaphuzu okuhlola amabi anemibuzo ebhalwe kabi kunokwehluleka kwakho ukulungiselela kahle.

Ungathi, "angilalanga ubusuku bonke ngifunda, kepha imibuzo ibingasuselwa kokuqukethwe esikunikiwe." Qaphela ukuthi ukuzethula akufani nokuqamba amanga. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlale ubusuku bonke ungafundi, kodwa umcabango wokuthi ubungafunda ngokungafanele awufiki emqondweni.

Ezinye izinto ezinganquma ukukhetha kokuzenzela

Indoda vs. owesifazane

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta ka-2004 kutholakale ukuthi yize izifundo eziningi zihlole ukwehluka kobulili ekuzikhetheleni okuzenzela, lokhu kunzima ukukukhipha.

Lokhu akukhona nje ngoba imiphumela exubekile itholakele ngokuhluka kocansi ekunikezelweni. Kungenxa yokuthi abacwaningi bathole kulezi zifundo ukuthi ukucwasa okuzenzela kuncike ebudaleni bomuntu nokuthi ngabe babheka ekufakazeleni impumelelo noma ukwehluleka.

Okudala kuqhathaniswa nentsha

Ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungase kungabi kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yesipiliyoni noma izici ezingokomzwelo.

Abantu abadala asebekhulile kungenzeka futhi babe nokuncipha kokukhetha okuhle (ukuthambekela kokwahlulela izici ezinhle njengokunemba okuthe xaxa).

Amasiko

Isiko laseNtshonalanga livame ukuklomelisa ukuzimela komuntu okuqinile, ngakho-ke ukuzikhethela komuntu ngamunye kuyasiza. Emasikweni amaningi okuqoqwa ndawonye, ​​impumelelo nokwehluleka kubonwa njengokuthonywa isimo somphakathi esihlangene. Abantu kule miphakathi bayabona ukuthi ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye kuncike kukho konke okukhudlwana.

Kuvivinywa kanjani ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlola ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela:

• ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri
• Ukucabanga kwe-neural
• ukuzibika okuzenzekelayo

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ebhodini ngabaphenyi kunganikeza ukuqonda ngezindlela zokunciphisa ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela, kanye nezimo zazo. I-Neural imaging inikeza abacwaningi ngemifanekiso yobuchopho ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zobuchopho ezibandakanyekayo ekwenzeni izinqumo kanye nokunikezwa. Ukuzibika kusiza ukuhlinzeka ngemiphumela ngokuya ngokuziphatha okwedlule.

Yiziphi izingqinamba zokuzikhethela kokuzenzela?

Ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela ngisebenzisela ukuqinisa ukuzethemba komuntu, kepha akusizi kangako. Ukubeka imiphumela engemihle ezintweni zangaphandle futhi ukuthatha isikweletu kuphela ngemicimbi emihle kungahle kuhambisane ne-narcissism, exhunyaniswe nemiphumela emibi emsebenzini kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu.

Ekilasini, uma abafundi nothisha ngokungaguquki beveza izehlakalo ezingezinhle komunye nomunye, lokhu kungaholela ezingxabanweni nasebudlelwaneni obubi.

Ukuthatha

Ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela kuvamile futhi kufeza injongo. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu ehlale ewuziba umthwalo wakhe wemfanelo ezimweni ezingezinhle, lokhu kungalimaza izinqubo zokufunda nobudlelwano. Ngakho-ke nakanjani kuyinto okufanele uyiqaphele.

Ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela kungahluka phakathi kwamaqembu wabantu, kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi kumuntu ngamunye.