Ukuhlolwa komchamo

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa komchamo?
• Kungani kwenziwa i-urinalysis
• Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Mayelana nenqubo yokuchama
• Izindlela zokuhlolwa kokuchama
• Ukuhlolwa kweMicroscopic
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dipstick
• Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo
• Ukuthola imiphumela
• Amaprotheni emchameni wakho
• Ukulandela ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuchama

Kuyini ukuhlolwa komchamo?

Ukuhlolwa komchamo ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri. Kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthola izinkinga ezingakhonjiswa umchamo wakho.

Izifo eziningi nokuphazamiseka kuthinta indlela umzimba wakho osusa ngayo imfucuza nobuthi. Izitho ezibandakanyeka kulokhu amaphaphu akho, izinso, umgudu womchamo, isikhumba kanye nesinye. Izinkinga nganoma yikuphi kwalokhu kungathinta ukubukeka, ukugxila, nokuqukethwe komchamo wakho.

I-Urinalysis ayifani nokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa noma ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, noma ngabe zonke izivivinyo ezintathu zibandakanya isampula yomchamo.

Kungani kwenziwa i-urinalysis

I-urinalysis ivame ukusetshenziswa:

• ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• njengokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa
• njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha noma komzimba

Udokotela wakho angaphinde ahlele lokhu kuhlolwa uma besola ukuthi unezimo ezithile, njenge:

• isifo sikashukela
• isifo sezinso
• isifo sesibindi
• ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo

Uma usuvele uthola ukuxilongwa nganoma iyiphi yalezi zimo, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis ukuze ahlole ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa noma isimo ngokwaso.

Udokotela wakho angafuna nokwenza urinalysis uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezithile, kufaka phakathi:

• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• igazi emchameni wakho
• ukuchama kabuhlungu

Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa komchamo

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi uphuza amanzi amaningi ukuze unikeze isampula elanele lomchamo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ngokweqile kungadala imiphumela engalungile.

Ingilazi eyodwa noma ezimbili zoketshezi, ezingafaka ujusi noma ubisi uma ukudla kwakho kukuvumela, yikho konke okudingayo ngosuku lokuhlolwa. Awudingi ukuzila ukudla noma ukushintsha indlela odla ngayo ukuze uhlolwe.

Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho nganoma imiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ozithathayo. Ezinye zalezi ezingathinta imiphumela ye-urinalysis yakho zifaka:

• izengezo zikavithamini C
• metronidazole
• mthoko
• i-anthraquinone laxatives
• methocarbamol
• i-nitrofurantoin

Eminye imithi ingathinta nemiphumela yakho. Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinto ozisebenzisayo ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis.

Mayelana nenqubo yokuchama

Uzonikeza isampula yakho yomchamo ehhovisi likadokotela, esibhedlela, noma esikhungweni sokuhlola esikhethekile. Uzonikezwa inkomishi epulasitiki ozoyiyisa endlini yokugezela. Lapho, ungazichamela ngasese enkomishini.

Ungacelwa ukuthi uthole isampula yomchamo ohlanzekile ohlanzekile. Le ndlela isiza ukuvimbela amabhaktheriya avela endondeni noma esithweni sangasese ukuba angangeni kusampula. Qala ngokuhlanza ezungeze i-urethra yakho ngokusula okusengaphambili okunikezwe ngudokotela. Chamela inani elincane endlini encane, bese uqoqa isampula enkomishini. Gwema ukuthinta ingaphakathi lendebe ukuze ungadluliseli amagciwane ezandleni zakho kusampula.

Uma usuqedile, beka isivalo enkomishini bese ugeza izandla zakho. Ungakhipha inkomishi endlini yokugezela noma uyishiye egumbini eliqokiwe ngaphakathi endlini yangasese.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angacela ukuthi wenze i-urinalysis usebenzisa i-catheter efakwe esinyeni sakho nge-urethra yakho. Lokhu kungadala ukungakhululeki okuncane. Uma ungaphatheki kahle ngale ndlela, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye izindlela.

Ngemuva kokunikeza isampula yakho, uqede ingxenye yakho yohlolo. Isampula lelo lizothunyelwa elebhu noma lihlale esibhedlela uma benemishini edingekayo.

Izindlela zokuhlolwa kokuchama

Udokotela wakho uzobe esesebenzisa eyodwa noma eziningi zezindlela ezilandelayo ukuhlola umchamo wakho:

Ukuhlolwa kweMicroscopic

Ekuhlolweni okuncane kakhulu, udokotela wakho ubheka amaconsi omchamo wakho ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Babheka:

• ukungajwayelekile kumaseli akho abomvu noma amhlophe egazi, okungaba yizimpawu zokutheleleka, isifo sezinso, umdlavuza wesinye, noma isifo segazi
• amakristalu angakhombisa amatshe ezinso
• amagciwane noma imvubelo
• amaseli we-epithelial, angakhombisa isimila

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dipstick

Ukuhlolwa kwe-dipstick, udokotela wakho ufaka induku yepulasitiki elashwe ngamakhemikhali kusampula yakho. Induku ishintsha umbala isuselwa ebukhoneni bezinto ezithile. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi afune:

• i-bilirubin, umkhiqizo wokufa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu
• igazi
• amaprotheni
• ukugxila noma amandla adonsela phansi athile
• izinguquko kumazinga we-pH noma i-asidi
• ushukela

Ukugxila okuphezulu kwezinhlayiya emchameni wakho kungakhombisa ukuthi awunamanzi. Amazinga aphezulu e-pH angakhombisa izingqinamba zomchamo noma izinso. Futhi noma yikuphi ukutholakala kukashukela kungakhombisa isifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo

Udokotela wakho angahlola futhi isampula ngokungajwayelekile, okufana nalokhu:

• ukubukeka kwamafu, okungakhombisa ukutheleleka
• iphunga elingajwayelekile
• ukubukeka ngokubomvu noma nsundu, okungakhombisa igazi emchameni wakho

Ukuthola imiphumela

Lapho kutholakala imiphumela yakho yokuchama, udokotela wakho uzoyibuyekeza nawe.

Uma imiphumela yakho ibonakala ingajwayelekile, kunezinketho ezimbili.

Uma uke watholwa ukuthi unezinkinga zezinso, izinkinga zomgudu womchamo, noma ezinye izimo ezihlobene, udokotela wakho anga-oda ezinye izivivinyo noma okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-urinal ukuthola imbangela yokuqukethwe okungajwayelekile komchamo wakho.

Uma ungenazo ezinye izimpawu zesimo esiyisisekelo futhi ukuhlolwa komzimba kubonisa ukuthi impilo yakho yonke ijwayelekile, udokotela wakho kungenzeka angadingi ukulandelwa.

Amaprotheni emchameni wakho

Umchamo wakho uvamise ukuba nezinga elinganakwa lamaprotheni. Kwesinye isikhathi, amazinga wamaprotheni emchameni wakho angaphala ngenxa ye:

• ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukubanda
• imfiva
• ukucindezeleka, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo
• ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile

Lezi zinto ngokuvamile aziwona uphawu lwezinkinga ezinkulu. Kepha amazinga aphakeme ngokungajwayelekile wamaprotheni emchameni wakho angaba wuphawu lwezinkinga ezingadala isifo sezinso, ezinjengalezi:

• isifo sikashukela
• izimo zenhliziyo
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• lupus
• i-leukemia
• i-sickle cell anemia
• isifo samathambo

Udokotela wakho angalawula izivivinyo zokulandelela ukukhomba noma yiziphi izimo ezibangela amazinga aphakeme ngokweqile emchameni wakho.

Ukulandela ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuchama

Uma imiphumela yakho ye-urinalysis ibuya ingavamile, udokotela wakho angadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuthola imbangela. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging njengokuhlolwa kwe-CT noma ama-MRIs
• iphaneli ye-metabolic ephelele
• isiko lomchamo
• ukubala okuphelele kwegazi
• iphaneli lesibindi noma le-renal