Umhlahlandlela Wokugoma Abantu Abadala: Okudingeka Ukwazi

-Delile

• Kungani kubalulekile ukuhlala unolwazi ngemigomo yakho yokugoma?
• Imigomo yabantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50
• Imigomo yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 kuya kwengama-65
• Imigomo yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65
• Izingozi ezingaba khona zokugoma
• Ukuthatha

Ukuthola imigomo enconywayo kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuzivikela wena kanye nabanye abantu emphakathini wakho ezifweni ezingavinjelwa.

Ukugonywa kwehlisa amathuba akho okuthola izifo ezingasongela impilo yakho, kuyilapho futhi kusiza ukunqanda ukusabalala kwalezo zifo kwabanye abantu.

Funda kabanzi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokubaluleka kokugonywa kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila kanye nemininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imigomo oyidingayo kuyo yonke iminyaka.

Kungani kubalulekile ukuhlala unolwazi ngemigomo yakho yokugoma?

Unyaka ngamunye e-United States, ugula kakhulu futhi adinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela ukuze athole izifo ezisizwa yimithi yokugomela.

Lezo zifo ezivikelekile zingadala ukukhubazeka impilo yonke noma ezinye izinselelo ezingapheli zezempilo. Kwezinye izimo, ziyabulala.

Noma ungathuthukisi izimpawu ezibucayi ezivela esifweni esithathelwanayo, usengasidlulisela kwamanye amalungu omphakathi asengozini, kufaka phakathi izinsana ezisencane kakhulu ukuthi zingagonywa.

Ukuhlala usesikhathini esimisweni sakho sokugoma kunciphisa amathuba akho okuthola izifo ezivikelekayo. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ujabulele impilo ende nenempilo.

Kuyasiza nokuvikela ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kubantu abaseduze kwakho. Lesi sivikelo saziwa ngokuthi “ukuzivikela komhlambi.”

Imiphumela yokuvikela yemithi yokugoma ingaguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi ugonywe ezindaweni eziningi lapho usumdala - noma ngabe uthole imithi yokugoma useyingane.

Lapha, uzothola uhlu olubanzi lwemithi yokugoma yabantu abadala, ehlelwe ngokweminyaka. Thola ibanga leminyaka yakho engezansi ukuze ubone ukuthi yimiphi imigomo onconyelwa yona.

Imigomo yabantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50

Kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, kunconywa ukugoma okulandelayo:

• Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka: umthamo owodwa ngonyaka. Ukuthola umkhuhlane odutshulwa minyaka yonke kuyindlela engcono yokwehlisa amathuba akho okuthola umkhuhlane kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nawo. Ngokuvamile, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ongasebenzi (IIV), umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ohlanganisayo (RIV), kanye nomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane opholile (LAIV) konke kuthathwa njengokuphephile kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50.
• Imishanguzo ye-Tdap ne-Td: umthamo owodwa we-Tdap ngesikhathi esithile lapho usumdala, kulandelwa umthamo owodwa we-Tdap noma i-Td njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap uvikela isifo sokuqina kwemisipha, i-diphtheria, ne-pertussis (ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela). Umuthi wokugoma we-Td unciphisa ubungozi bokuqina kwe-tetanus ne-diphtheria kuphela. I-Tdap nayo inconywa kulabo abakhulelwe, noma ngabe bathole umthamo we-Tdap noma i-Td eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.

Uma wazalwa ngo-1980 noma kamuva, udokotela wakho angaphinde ancoma umuthi wokugoma i-varicella. Kuvikela umkhuhlane wenkukhu, kubantu abangenayo imikhuba yokuvikela lesi sifo.

Udokotela wakho futhi angakweluleka ukuthi uthole umuthi wokugoma owodwa noma ngaphezulu uma ungawatholanga ngaphambilini:

• Umuthi wokugoma we-MMR, esivikela isimungumungwane, imvukuzane nerubella
• Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV, evikela i-papillomavirus yomuntu

Uma unezimo ezithile zezempilo noma ezinye izinto ezinobungozi bokutheleleka okuthile, udokotela wakho futhi angancoma umuthi wokugoma i-herpes zoster, umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal, noma eminye imigomo.

Ezinye izimo zezempilo nemithi kungashintsha izincomo zikadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imigomo ekufanele.

Uma uhlala unesimo sempilo noma uthatha umuthi othinta amasosha akho omzimba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlale unolwazi ngemigomo ekuvikelayo ezifweni ezingagwemeka.

Izinhlelo zakho zokuhamba zingathinta nezincomo zomuthi wakho wokugoma.

Imigomo yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 kuya kwengama-65

Iluleka iningi labantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-65 ubudala ukuthola lo:

• Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka: umthamo owodwa ngonyaka. Ukuthola “umkhuhlane” waminyaka yonke kuzosiza ekwehliseni amathuba okuba nomkhuhlane kanye nezinkinga ezingase zisongele impilo, njenge-pneumonia. Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu bayelulekwa ukuthi bathole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ongasebenzi (i-IAV) noma umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane (i-RIV) kuphela, hhayi umuthi wokugoma ophilayo.
• Imishanguzo ye-Tdap ne-Td: umthamo owodwa we-Tdap ngesikhathi esithile lapho usumdala, kulandelwa umthamo owodwa we-Tdap noma i-Td njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap uhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ku-tetanus, diphtheria, ne-pertussis (ukukhwehlela), kuyilapho umuthi wokugoma we-Td uvikela kuphela isifo sokuqina kwemisipha kanye ne-diphtheria.
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Herpes zoster: imithamo emi-2 yomuthi wokugaya kabusha noma umthamo owodwa womuthi wokugoma ophilayo. Lo muthi wokugoma wehlisa amathuba akho okuthola ama-shingles. Indlela ekhethwayo yokugoma ibandakanya imithamo emi-2 yomuthi wokugoma kabusha we-zoster (RZV, Shingrix) esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezi-2 kuye kwezi-6, kunokuba nomthamo owodwa womuthi wokugoma omdala we-zoster (ZVL, Zostavax).

Uma ungakagonyelwa isimungumungwane, imvukuzane, ne-rubella (MMR), udokotela wakho angakukhuthaza futhi ukuba uthole umuthi wokugoma we-MMR.

Kwezinye izimo, umlando wakho wezempilo, izinhlelo zokuhamba, noma ezinye izinto zokuphila kungaholela nodokotela wakho ukuthi ancome umuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal noma eminye imigomo.

Uma unesimo sempilo noma uthatha umuthi othinta amasosha akho omzimba, udokotela wakho angaba nezincomo ezihlukile mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imigomo ekulungele. Kubalulekile ukuhlala usesikhathini ngemigomo oyidingayo uma amasosha akho omzimba engcupheni.

Imigomo yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65

Okunconywayo ngemithi yokugoma elandelayo yabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65:

• Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka. Umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke wehlisa ingozi yokuba nomkhuhlane, ongadala izinkinga ezisongela impilo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala asebekhulile. Abantu abadala asebekhulile bangayithola, enganikela ngezinga eliphakeme lokuvikelwa emkhuhlaneni uma iqhathaniswa neminye imigomo. Bangathola futhi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ongasebenzi kahle ojwayelekile (IAV) noma umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ohlanganisayo (RIV). Umuthi wokugoma obukhoma awunconyiwe.
• Imishanguzo ye-Tdap ne-Td: umthamo owodwa we-Tdap ngesikhathi esithile lapho usumdala, kulandelwa umthamo owodwa we-Tdap noma i-Td njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap wehlisa amathuba akho okuthola i-tetanus, i-diphtheria, ne-pertussis (ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela), kuyilapho umuthi wokugoma we-Td unciphisa ubungozi bakho besiqiwu kanye ne-diphtheria.
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Herpes zoster: imithamo emi-2 yomuthi wokugaya kabusha noma umthamo owodwa womuthi wokugoma ophilayo. Lo muthi wokugoma unikela ngokuvikelwa kuma-shingles. Isheduli yokuncoma okuncanyelwayo ibandakanya imithamo emi-2 yomuthi wokugoma kabusha we-zoster (RZV, Shingrix) ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-2 kuye kwezi-6, kunokuba nomthamo owodwa womuthi wokugoma omdala we-zoster (ZVL, Zostavax).
• Umuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal: umthamo owodwa. Lo mgomo unikela ngokuvikelwa ezifweni ze-pneumococcal, kufaka phakathi i-pneumonia. Iningi labantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu bayelulekwa ukuthi bathole umuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23), kunokugoma i-pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).

Ngokuya ngomlando wakho wezempilo, izinhlelo zokuhamba, nezinye izinto zokuphila, udokotela wakho angancoma neminye imigomo.

Izimo ezithile zempilo nemithi kungathinta amasosha omzimba. Izincomo zomuthi wokugoma zingahluka kubantu amasosha abo omzimba abekeke engcupheni. Ukuvikela ezifweni ezingagwemeka, kubalulekile kubantu abadala ukuthi bahlale besesikhathini nganoma yimiphi imithi yokugoma enconyiwe.

Izingozi ezingaba khona zokugoma

Kubantu abaningi, ingozi yemiphumela emibi evela ekugomeni iphansi kakhulu.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona evela emithini yokugoma ifaka:

• ubuhlungu, isisa, ukuvuvukala nokubomvu endaweni yokujova
• amalunga abuhlungu noma ubuhlungu bomzimba
• ikhanda
• ukukhathala
• isicanucanu
• isifo sohudo
• ukuhlanza
• umkhuhlane ophansi
• Ukugodola
• ukuqubuka

Kuyaqabukela, imijovo yokugoma ingadala ukusabela okweqile noma eminye imiphumela emibi.

Uma uhlangabezane nokusabela okweqile emithini yokugoma esikhathini esedlule, unezimo ezithile zempilo, noma ukhulelwe, udokotela wakho angakweluleka ukuthi ungatholi imigomo ethile.

Uma uthatha imishanguzo ethinta amasosha akho omzimba, udokotela wakho angakweluleka ukuthi ume kancane noma ulungise uhlobo lwemithi yakho ngaphambi kokuthola imigomo ethile.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde ukuthi yimiphi imigomo okungenzeka iphephile kuwe.

Ukuthatha

Ukusiza ukuzivikela, obathandayo, nomphakathi wakho obanzi ekuguleni okuvikelwayo, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale unolwazi ngemigomo yakho enconywayo.

Ukuze ufunde ukuthi yimiphi imigomo okufanele uyithole, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Iminyaka yakho, umlando wezempilo, nendlela yakho yokuphila kuzobasiza ukuthi banqume ukuthi imiphi imigomo abakuncomela yona.

Kufanele futhi wazise udokotela wakho uma uhlela ukuhamba - futhi ubabuze ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini umuthi wokugoma okufanele uwuthole ngaphambili. Izifo ezithile ezithathelwanayo zivame kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba kunezinye.