Kudingeka Sikhulume Ngabesifazane Nodlame Lwezibhamu

-Delile

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Cishe sekuphele iminyaka engamashumi amathathu selokhu kwashaywa umthetho we-Violence Against Women Act ngo-1994. Ekuqaleni wasayinwa nguMongameli wangaleso sikhathi uBill Clinton, ngokusekelwa kanzima yilowo owayezongenela ukhetho lukaMongameli we-Democratic ka-2020 uJoe Biden (ngaleso sikhathi, owayeyisenenja yeDelaware), umthetho unikeze izigidigidi zamaRandi ekuphenyeni nasekushushiseni ubugebengu obunodlame obubhekiswe kwabesifazane. Kuphinde kwaholela ekwakhiweni kweHhovisi Lokuhlukunyezwa Kwabesifazane, okuyingxenye yoMnyango Wezobulungiswa eqinisa izinsiza kwabasinde odlameni lwasekhaya, udlame lokuthandana, ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi, nokucupha. Umthetho wakha inombolo yocingo kazwelonke yezisulu zodlame lwasekhaya. Ixhase izindawo zokukhosela nezikhungo ezibhekene nezinkinga futhi isekele ukuqeqeshwa kokugcinwa komthetho emiphakathini ezweni lonke ukuphenya kahle izenzo zodlame ezibhekiswe kwabesifazane kanye nokweseka abasindile.

Ukusho okuncane, i-VAWA ishintshe indlela abaseMelika abaqonda ngayo futhi babheka ngokuyisisekelo udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane. Phakathi konyaka we-1994 (lapho kwakhiwa umthetho) nango-2010, udlame olusondelene lozakwethu lwehle ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-60, ngokusho koMnyango Wezobulungiswa. Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi i-VAWA ibambe iqhaza elikhulu kulokhu kwehla.

Selokhu yasayinwa yaba ngumthetho, i-VAWA ivuselelwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, isikhathi ngasinye yethula izinhlinzeko ezintsha zokuvikela kangcono abesifazane ebudloveni. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-VAWA kwango-2019, ngokwesibonelo, kwafaka isiphakamiso sokuvala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "yigebe lamasoka." Njengamanje, umthetho kahulumeni uvimbela abahlukumezi basekhaya ekubeni nezibhamu, kodwa kuphela uma umhlukumezi eshade (noma eshade), ehlala naye, noma enengane nomuntu ohlukunyeziwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho lutho oluvimba abalingani abahlukumezana nabathandanayo ukuthi bafinyelele izibhamu, noma ngabe benerekhodi lobugebengu lodlame lwasekhaya. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu okwenziwa ngabalingani abathandana nabo kuye kwanda iminyaka engamashumi amathathu; iqiniso lokuthi abesifazane cishe bangase babulawe abantu abathandana nabo njengalabo abashade nabo; futhi iqiniso lokuthi ukuba khona nje kwesibhamu ezimweni zobudlova basekhaya kungandisa ingozi yokubulawa kowesifazane ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-500, akukaze kube okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvala “igebe lesoka.”

Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuqedwa “kwesikhala sesoka” kwethulwa ekubuyekezweni kwe-VAWA yango-2019, iNational Rifle Association, okuyiqembu elimela amalungelo ezibhamu, yazama kanzima ukuthi ingaphasiswa lo mthetho. Kwalandela ukulwa kwabahlanganyeli eCongress, kwavimba imizamo yokugunyazwa kabusha kwe-VAWA. Ngenxa yalokho, i-VAWA manje isiphelelwe yisikhathi, ishiya abasinde odlameni lwasekhaya, izindawo zokukhosela zabesifazane, nezinye izinhlangano ezihlinzeka ngokukhululeka okudingeka kakhulu kwabesifazane abahlukunyeziwe ngaphandle kokusekelwa kukahulumeni kanye nezezimali. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi manje, njengoba izinombolo zocingo lwodlame lwasekhaya nezikhungo ezibhekene nezinkinga zokudlwengulwa zibike ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwezingcingo selokhu kuqale ubhadane lwe-COVID-19.

Ngakho-ke, singayigunyaza kanjani kabusha i-VAWA futhi sithuthukise inethi yokuphepha kwabasinde odlameni lwasekhaya? Umumo ukhulume noLynn Rosenthal, iqhawe elaziwa ezweni lonke lokuvikela udlame lomndeni, mayelana nezinselelo ezibhekene nokugunyazwa kabusha kwe-VAWA nokuthi uBiden uhlela ukubhekana nazo kanjani. URosenthal ubambe izikhundla njengomqondisi we-Violence Against Women Initiatives ye-Biden Foundation, umeluleki wokuqala we-White House odlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane ngaphansi kukaMongameli uBarack Obama, kanye nephini likamongameli wezobambiswano lwamasu ku-National Domestic Violence Hotline.

Umumo: Yiziphi izinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nokugunyazwa kabusha kwe-VAWA?

I-Rosenthal: Udlame lwasekhaya nezibhamu kuyinhlanganisela ebulalayo. Kusukela kwaqala i-VAWA, kube nokuvikelwa emthethweni olwa nodlame lwezibhamu, kuqalwa ngokuhlinzekwa kokuthi umuntu ongaphansi kokuvikelwa unomphela (a.k.. umthetho ovimbelayo) wodlame lwasekhaya akakwazi ukuba nezibhamu noma izinhlamvu ngokusemthethweni. Okunye ukuvikelwa kulo mthetho yiLautenberg Amendment, ethi abantu ababoshelwe amacala odlame lwasekhaya abenza kabi nabo abakwazi ukuba nezibhamu noma izinhlamvu ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvikelwa kusebenza kuphela uma isisulu kungumlingani womenzi wobubi, noma ngabe behlala ndawonye, ​​noma uma behlanganyela ingane. Ukuvala "i-loophole yesoka" kungamane kunwebe lezi zivikelo kulabo abangashadile, abangahlalanga ndawonye, ​​futhi abangenayo ingane ndawonye.

I-VAWA akufanele, ngandlela thile, ibe yibhola elizimele. Kufanele kube ucezu lomthetho oluhlanganisa abantu ukuze kubhekwane nokuphepha komphakathi.

Lynn Rosenthal

I-VAWA akufanele, nganoma iyiphi indlela, ibe yibhola leqembu. Kungumgogodla wokuphendula kwesizwe ebudloveni basekhaya, udlame lokuthandana, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, nokulandela. Kufanele kube ucezu lomthetho oluhlanganisa abantu ukuze kubhekwane nokuphepha komphakathi. Akufanele isetshenziswe njengesilinganiso kunkundla yezinqubomgomo zomphakathi. Kufanele izimele yodwa njengohlaka lomthetho olubucayi. Kuyethusa ukungaboni lezi zivikelo zandiswa.

Umumo: Kungani kubaluleke kakhulu ukugunyaza kabusha i-VAWA esimweni sezulu samanje?

Rosenthal: Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 uveze obala zonke izinhlobo zokungafani, okuhlanganisa nokuhlukana kwezinhlanga ekuphenduleni lo bhubhane kanye nobungozi leyo miphakathi ebhekene nayo. Uma uhlanganisa udlame lwasekhaya, lokho kwenza izinto zibe nzima nakakhulu.

Umthetho we-Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act kanye ne-Health and Economic Recovery Omnibus Emergency Solutions Act ifakiwe. ezinye uxhaso lwezinsiza zodlame lwasekhaya, kodwa akwanele. Kufanele sinikeze usizo olwengeziwe kulabo abasindile odlameni lwasekhaya kanye nezinhlelo ezibasebenzelayo. Cabanga ngemiphumela yalolu bhubhane kubantu abavaleleke ezindlini zabo, bebhekana nazo zonke izinkathazo zokuhlukaniswa, bezama ukusiza izingane zabo esikoleni, futhi ukubhekana nodlame lwasekhaya nokuhlukunyezwa. Sidinga ukuthola ukukhululeka kulaba bantu hhayi nge-VAWA kuphela, kodwa nangezinyathelo ezisheshayo futhi, njengenye iphakheji yokutakula ye-COVID-19. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sishiya izisulu zodlame lwasekhaya ngaphandle kokuthola usizo nokuvikelwa iminyaka eminingi njengoba siphishekela ukululama ngokuphelele kwesizwe kulo bhubhane.

Ngokugunyazwa kabusha kwe-VAWA, ikakhulukazi, umbuzo wangempela yilokhu: Ngabe udaba lokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane kwabesifazane lubaluleke kakhulu ezweni lethu, noma cha? Uma sibheka imininingwane, abesifazane abangaphezu koyedwa kwabathathu babhekana nohlobo oluthile lokuhlukunyezwa ezandleni zomlingani osondelene naye. Leyo yingxenye ebalulekile yabantu bethu lapho izidingo zabo zihlala zingakhulunywa. Uma sibuqonda ubungako benkinga kanye nobungozi bokukhathazeka kwesikhathi eside kwezempilo nempilo yengqondo kwabesifazane nemindeni, sizokwenza lokhu kube yinto ehamba phambili. Thina ngabe dlulisa enye iphakethe lokuthola kabusha le-COVID-19 ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngemali eningi yokusiza udlame lwasekhaya. Thina ngabe qhubekela phambili ngokugunyazwa kabusha kwe-VAWA. Thina ngeke uboshwe yizimpi ezihlukanisayo. Ukube besiyikhathalela ngempela le nkinga, besiyohamba ngokushesha, futhi besinikeza izinsiza ezidingekayo.

Umumo: Ngaphandle "kwe-lophole yesoka," yiziphi ezinye izichibiyelo ku-VAWA ezingathuthukisa ukuphepha kwabasinde odlameni lwasekhaya?

I-Rosenthal: I-VAWA ekuqaleni yayigxile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusabela kobulungiswa bobugebengu odlameni lwasekhaya kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ngokusebenzisa izinguquko ezazidingeka kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nokwenza ukuthi imibuso ibeke phambili ukuphepha kwabahlukunyezwayo kanye nokuziphendulela kwabenzi bobubi. Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlobo zakuqala ze-VAWA, esaqhubeka ibalulekile nanamuhla, uxhaso lwezimali zokubhekana nodlame lwasekhaya. Lokho kusho ukuhlanganisa zonke izinhlelo ezinomthelela endleleni amacala odlame lwasekhaya ahamba ngayo ohlelweni: ukuthotshelwa komthetho, abashushisi, izinkantolo, izinhlangano ezimele izisulu, njll.

Kepha owayeyisekela likamongameli uBiden, owethula i-VAWA ngeminyaka yama-‘90s, ubelokhu ethi umthetho uwumsebenzi oqhubekayo ozoguquka ngokuya ngezidingo zemiphakathi. Ngokugunyazwa kabusha kwe-VAWA ngakunye - 2000, 2005, 2013 - kwakukhona ukunikezwa okusha. Namuhla, i-VAWA isithuthukile ukuze ifake izinhlelo zezindlu zesikhashana (ezihlinzeka ngezindlu zesikhashana nokusekelwa ukusiza ukuvala igebe phakathi kokungabi nakhaya nesimo sokuphila unomphela), izindlu zomxhaso, kanye nokuvikela ukucwaswa kwabahlukunyeziwe basekhaya. I-VAWA futhi manje ifaka nezinhlelo zokuvimbela udlame lwasekhaya kanye nomqondo owandisiwe mayelana nokuqeqeshwa okuxhashazelwe ukuhlukumezeka (indlela ebona ukuba khona okungaba khona kanye nendima yokuhlukumezeka ekuziphatheni kwabanye) kwamaphoyisa nabanye abasebenzi bezobulungiswa.

Uma sibheke phambili, uxhaso kufanele lube sezandleni zemiphakathi ethinteka kakhulu odlameni lwasekhaya. Abesifazane abamnyama babhekene nezikhathi zokubulawa kwabantu besifazane abamhlophe izikhathi eziphindwe kabili nengxenye ezimeni zobudlova basekhaya. Lokhu kudalwa kakhulu wubandlululo oluhlelekile kwezobulungiswa bobugebengu. Ngenxa yalokho kubandlulula, izikhalazo zobugebengu - okuhlanganisa udlame lwasekhaya - okwenziwa abesifazane abanebala elimhlophe ngokuvamile azithathwa njengezibalulekile. Futhi, ngenxa yodlame lwamaphoyisa emiphakathini yombala, abesifazane abaMnyama bangesaba ukuthola usizo.

Uma sibheke phambili, uxhaso kufanele lube sezandleni zemiphakathi ethinteka kakhulu odlameni lwasekhaya.

ULynn Rosenthal

Manje njengoba ingxoxo ngobandlululo oluhlelekile ingaphambili futhi iphakathi e-U.S., Singaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi amacala odlame lwasekhaya afakiwe? I-VAWA inikeza ithuba lokwenza lokho kanye. Sekuvele kufaka phakathi izinhlinzeko zokuhlola izinhlelo zokubuyisela esimeni sobulungisa, ezibandakanya indlela engekho emthethweni yokusungula inkhulumomphendvulwano (ngezingqungquthela nokuxoxisana) phakathi kwabasindile nabahlukumezi ngokwesekwa umphakathi walowo osindile (umndeni, abangani, abaholi bezenkolo, njll.). Lokho kusho ukuthi sibheke ngale kwamaphoyisa njengokuphela kwempendulo ebudloveni basekhaya nasekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi ngokubandakanya eminye imikhakha nezinsizakalo zabasindile nokugcina ukuphendula kwabaphula umthetho. Lelo yithuba elithokozisayo futhi into esingaqhubeka siyithuthukisa esikhathini esizayo se-VAWA.

Umumo: Yiziphi izinguquko ebesingalindela ukuzibona ebudloveni basekhaya e-U.S. Uma sikhetha umongameli olwela ngenkuthalo ukuvikela abesifazane?

Rosenthal: Ngesikhathi uBiden eseWhite House njengephini likamongameli, waba nethonya elikhulu ekuphenduleni kwesizwe ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi. Usebenze noMnyango wezeMfundo ekuqiniseni iTitle IX (evikela abafundi ekubandlululweni ngokobulili, kubandakanya nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi). Usizile ukuthuthukisa uhlelo i-It’s On Us, uhlelo lokuqwashisa umphakathi oluletha ingxoxo ngokuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kumakhulu amakolishi nasemanyuvesi ezweni lonke. Uthole izigidi zamaRandi kwizibonelelo zomzamo wesizwe wokubhekana nokusilela emuva kwamakhithi okudlwengulwa angahloliwe ukuze abasinde ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi bathole ubulungiswa.

Yilokho konke akwenza njengephini likamengameli. Cabanga ukuthi yini enye angafeza njengomongameli. Angabeka izinto eziseqhulwini kusabelomali sikahulumeni futhi enze izincomo zeCongress mayelana nezinga lezezimali ukuthi izinhlelo zokuvikela udlame lwasekhaya empeleni zidinga ukubhekana nobukhulu benkinga. Angasibuyisela emuva emikhubeni eye yawela eceleni njengokuqeqesha abahlinzeki bezempilo ngodlame lwasekhaya nokutshala imali ekuvimbeleni ukudlwengulwa nasekufundiseni imiphakathi yentsha. Ukuvimbela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yalapho okufanele siye khona ngokulandelayo. Kunamasu asuselwa ebufakazini akhombisa ukuthi ungashintsha izimo zengqondo, izinkolelo, kanye nokuziphatha ngodlame nobudlelwano lapho wethula izinhlelo zokuvikela abantu abasha kusenesikhathi.

Uma unomongameli olwela ngenkuthalo futhi uhlinzekela kahle lezi zinkinga, kusibeka endleleni yokuqeda udlame lwasekhaya nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi ungavota kanjani, nini, futhi kuphi kulo nyaka vakashela i-usa.gov/how-to-vote. Ungaya futhi ku-vot.org ukuthola indawo yakho yokuvota eseduze, ucele ibhaloti engekho, uqinisekise isimo sakho sokubhaliswa, futhi uthole nezikhumbuzo zokhetho (ukuze ungalokothi uphuthelwe yithuba lokuthi izwi lakho lizwakale). Umncane kakhulu ukuthi ungavota kulo nyaka? Ukuzibophezela ukubhalisa, bese uvota.org uzokuthumela umlayezo wombhalo ngosuku lwakho lokuzalwa lwe-18 - ngoba silwe kanzima kakhulu ngaleli lungelo lokuthi singalisebenzisi.

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