Igciwane le-nipah: liyini, izimpawu, ukuvimbela nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kweNipah

Igciwane le-Nipah yigciwane elingelomndeniI-Paramyxoviridae futhi sibhekene nesifo sikaNipah, esingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngqo namanzi noma indle evela kumalulwane noma atheleleke ngaleli gciwane, noma ngokuxhumana komuntu nomuntu.

Lesi sifo satholwa okokuqala ngo-1999 eMalaysia, kodwa-ke sitholakale nakwamanye amazwe afana neSingapore, India naseBangladesh, futhi siholela ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ezingathuthuka ngokushesha futhi ziholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu zemizwa ezingabeka impilo yomuntu nengozi yakhe.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Kwezinye izimo, ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Nipah kungaba yi-asymptomatic noma kuholele ekuqaleni kwezimpawu ezimnene ezingafana nomkhuhlane futhi ezinganyamalala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezingu-14.

Endabeni yokutheleleka okuvela kuzo izimpawu, zivela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-21 ngemuva kokuthintana naleli gciwane, okuyizona eziyinhloko;

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• I-Encephalitis, okuwukuvuvukala kobuchopho;
• Ukudideka;
• Isicanucanu;
• Imfiva;
• Ikhanda;
• Ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo, okungaqhubekela phambili ku-coma emahoreni angama-24 kuye kwangama-48.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane le-Nipah zingathuthuka ngokushesha, okuholela ezinkingeni ezingabeka impilo yomuntu engcupheni, njengokuquleka, ukuphazamiseka kobuntu, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula noma i-encephalitis ebulalayo, eyenzeka ngenxa yokuvuvukala okungapheli kobuchopho kanye nokulimala kwegciwane. Funda kabanzi nge-encephalitis.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kokutheleleka ngegciwane le-Nipah kufanele kwenziwe ngudokotela wezifo ezithintayo noma udokotela ojwayelekile kusukela ekuhloleni kokuqala kwezimpawu nezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu. Ngakho-ke, kungakhonjiswa ukwenza izivivinyo ezikhethekile ukuhlukanisa igciwane kanye ne-serology ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, kuqale ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angancoma ukwenza izivivinyo ze-imaging ukuhlola ubunzima besifo, futhi kunconywa ukwenza i-computed tomography noma i-computed tomography.

Yelashwa kanjani

Kuze kube manje, alukho umuthi othize wokutheleleka ngegciwane le-Nipah, noma kunjalo udokotela angakhombisa izinyathelo ezisekelayo ngokobukhulu besifo, futhi ukuphumula, ukufuthwa, ukungena komoya noma ukwelashwa okuyizimpawu kungakhonjiswa.

Ezinye izifundo ze-in vitro ziyenziwa nge-antiviral ribavirin, ngakho-ke abukho ubufakazi bokuthi izoba nomsebenzi wokulwa nalesi sifo kubantu. Kwenziwa nezifundo ngama-antibody monoclonal ezilwaneni, kepha ayikabi khona imiphumela eqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukho umuthi wokugoma wokuvimbela lesi sifo, ngakho-ke ukuvimbela lesi sifo kunconywa ukuthi kugwenywe izindawo ezisendaweni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezingase zitheleleke kulezo zifunda.

Njengoba liyigciwane elivelayo, elinamandla okuba yindlala, igciwane leNipah lisohlwini lokuqala lweNhlangano Yezempilo Yezwe lokuhlonza imishanguzo engasetshenziswa ukwelapha lesi sifo kanye nokwenza imishanguzo yokuvikela.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kweNipah

Njengoba ingekho imishanguzo ephumelelayo yokulwa negciwane le-Nipah kanye nomuthi wokugoma ongasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvikela, kubalulekile ukuthi kuthathwe ezinye izindlela ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka nokusabalalisa isifo, njenge:

• Gwema ukuthintana nezilwane ezingaba negciwane, ikakhulukazi amalulwane nezingulube;
• Gwema ukudliwa kwezilwane okungenzeka zithelelekile, ikakhulukazi uma zingaphekiwe kahle;
• Gwema ukuthintana noketshezi kanye nendle evela ezilwaneni kanye / noma kubantu abangenwe yigciwane le-Nipah;
• Ukuhlanzeka kwesandla ngemuva kokuhlangana nezilwane;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamamaski kanye / noma amagilavu ​​lapho uhlangana nomuntu onegciwane le-Nipah.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeza izandla ngensipho namanzi kubalulekile, ngoba-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ukuqedwa kwezinto ezithathelwanayo ezingaba khona esandleni, kufaka phakathi igciwane le-Nipah futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwalesi sifo.

Bheka ividiyo elandelayo yokuthi ugeza kanjani izandla zakho kahle ukuvikela izifo ezithathelwanayo: