Konke Ofuna Ukwazi NgeBenzedrine

-Delile

• Umlando
• Isebenzisa
• Isebenza kanjani
• Isimo sezomthetho
• Izingozi
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Uzoya nini ku-ER
• Ukuncika kanye nokuhoxa
• Ukuncika
• Ukuhoxa
• Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile
• Okubalulekile

I-Benzedrine kwakungumkhiqizo wokuqala we-amphetamine owamakethwa e-United States ngawo-1930. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwaqala ngokushesha. Odokotela bayibeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezisukela ekucindezelekeni kuya ekuqothulweni.

Imiphumela yezidakamizwa ibingaqondakali kahle ngaleso sikhathi. Lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kwe-amphetamine kukhula, ukusetshenziswa kabi komuthi kwaqala ukwanda.

Funda kabanzi ukuze ufunde ngomlando we-amphetamine.

Umlando

I-Amphetamine yatholwa okokuqala ngawo-1880 ngusokhemisi waseRomania. Eminye imithombo ithi itholwe ngawo-1910. Ayizange ikhiqizwe njengesidakamizwa kuze kube amashumi eminyaka kamuva.

I-Benzedrine yathengiswa okokuqala ngo-1933 yinkampani eyenza imithi uSmith, uKline, noFrance. Kwakuyi-over-the-counter (OTC) yokuqeda amandla ngendlela ye-inhaler.

Ngo-1937, kwethulwa ifomu le-amphetamine, iBenzedrine sulfate. Odokotela bakunikeze lokhu:

• ukugula
• ukudana
• ukukhathala okungapheli
• ezinye izimpawu

Isidakamizwa sikhuphuke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, amasosha asebenzisa i-amphetamine ukuwasiza ukuthi ahlale ephapheme, agxile emqondweni futhi avimbele ukukhathala.

Ngokulinganiselwa kukhombisa ngaphezu kwamaphilisi ayizigidi eziyi-13 e-amphetamine akhiqizwa ngenyanga e-United States.

Lokhu kwakungu-amphetamine eyanele kubantu abayingxenye yesigidi ukuthatha i-Benzedrine usuku ngalunye. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okusakazekile kwasiza ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabi. Ingozi yokuncika yayingakaqondakali kahle okwamanje.

Isebenzisa

I-Amphetamine sulphate iyisikhuthazi esinokusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kwezokwelapha. Kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa e-United States ukwenza lokhu:

• ukunakekelwa kokulahleka kokugula (ADHD)
• ukugula
• ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kwesisindo (ezinye izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-amphetamine, njenge-Adderall, azivunyelwa ukwehlisa isisindo)

Kepha i-amphetamine nayo inamandla okusetshenziswa kabi. Isibonelo, abafundi basebenzisa kabi i-amphetamine ukubasiza ukuthi bafunde, bahlale bephapheme, futhi bagxile kakhulu. Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi lokhu kuyasiza. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kabi okuphindaphindwayo kwandisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, noma ukulutha.

I-Benzedrine ayisatholakali e-United States. Kuneminye imikhiqizo ye-amphetamine esatholakala nanamuhla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Evekeo ne-Adzenys XR-ODT.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-amphetamine ezikhona namuhla zifaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezidumile i-Adderall neRitalin.

Isebenza kanjani

I-Amphetamine isebenza ebuchosheni ukukhulisa amazinga e-dopamine ne-norepinephrine. Lawa makhemikhali obuchopho anesibopho semizwa yenjabulo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Ukwanda kwe-dopamine ne-norepinephrine kusiza nge:

• ukunakwa
• gxila
• amandla
• ukunqanda ukuphuthuma

Isimo sezomthetho

I-Amphetamine ibhekwa njengento elawulwa yiSheduli II. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inamandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa kabi, ngokusho kweDrug Enforcement Administration (DEA).

Ucwaningo lwango-2018 luthole ukuthi kubantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-16 abasebenzisa imishanguzo kadokotela evuselelayo ngonyaka, abacishe babe yizigidi ezinhlanu babike ukuthi bayayisebenzisa kabi. Cishe abangama-400,000 babenenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Amanye amagama esitsotsi ajwayelekile e-amphetamine afaka:

• bennies
• crank
• iqhwa
• phezulu
• isivinini

Akukho emthethweni ukuthenga, ukuthengisa noma ukuba ne-amphetamine. Kusemthethweni ukusetshenziswa nokutholakala kuphela uma unikezwe ukwelashwa ngudokotela.

Izingozi

I-Amphetamine sulfate ithwala isexwayiso sebhokisi elimnyama. Lesi sexwayiso sidingwa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngemithi enobungozi obukhulu.

Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezinzuzo nezingozi ze-amphetamine ngaphambi kokunikeza lo muthi.

Izidakamizwa ezikhuthazayo zingadala izinkinga ngenhliziyo yakho, ubuchopho, nezinye izitho ezinkulu.

Izingozi zifaka:

• ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo
• ukwanda komfutho wegazi
• ukukhula kancane ezinganeni
• unhlangothi ngokuzumayo
• i-psychosis

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

I-Amphetamine inemiphumela emibi ethile. Ezinye zingabucayi. Zingafaka:

• ukukhathazeka nokucasuka
• isiyezi
• umlomo owomile
• ikhanda
• inkathazo ngokulala
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla nokuncipha
• Isifo sikaRaynaud
• izinkinga zocansi

Uma imiphumela yakho emibi ye-amphetamine ikukhathaza, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangaguqula umthamo noma bathole umuthi omusha.

Uzoya nini ku-ER

Kwezinye izimo, abantu bangasabela kanzima ku-amphetamine. Iya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele ku-911 uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zokuphendula okunzima:

• ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ubuthakathaka ohlangothini lwakho lwesobunxele
• inkulumo engahambi kahle
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• isithuthwane
• i-paranoia noma i-panic attack
• indlela yokuziphatha enodlame, nolaka
• ukusangana
• ukwanda okuyingozi ekushiseni komzimba

Ukuncika kanye nokuhoxa

Umzimba wakho ungathuthukisa ukubekezelelana kwe-amphetamine. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idinga amanani aphakeme omuthi ukuthola imiphumela efanayo. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kungakhuphula ubungozi bokubekezelelana. Ukubekezelelana kungaqhubekela phambili ekuthembekeni.

Ukuncika

Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside komuthi kungaholela ekuthembekeni. Lesi yisimo lapho umzimba wakho ujwayela ukuba ne-amphetamine futhi uyidinga ukuthi isebenze ngokujwayelekile. Njengoba umthamo ukwanda, umzimba wakho ulungisa.

Ngokuncika, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle komuthi.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuncika kungaholela ekuphazamisweni kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, noma ukulutha. Kubandakanya izinguquko ebuchosheni, eziholela ekulangathekeni okujulile komuthi. Kukhona ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile komuthi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kwezenhlalo, ezempilo, noma ezezimali.

Ezinye zezinto ezingaba yingozi ekuthuthukiseni ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zifaka:

• ubudala
• izakhi zofuzo
• ucansi
• izici zenhlalo nezemvelo

Ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo zingakhuphula nengozi yokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi:

• ukukhathazeka okukhulu
• ukudana
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo
• schizophrenia

Izimpawu zesifo sokusebenzisa i-amphetamine zingafaka:

• ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa yize sinemiphumela emibi empilweni yakho
• Inkinga yokugxila emisebenzini yansuku zonke yokuphila
• ukulahlekelwa intshisekelo emndenini, ebudlelwaneni, ebunganeni, njll.
• esebenza ngezindlela zokuxhamazela
• ukuzwa ukudideka, ukukhathazeka
• ukungalali

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo kanye nezinye izindlela ezisekelayo kungaphatha ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa i-amphetamine.

Ukuhoxa

Ukumisa i-amphetamine ngokungazelelwe ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa isikhashana kungaholela ezimpawu zokuhoxa.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukucasuka
• ukukhathazeka
• ukukhathala
• ukujuluka
• ukuqwasha
• ukungabi nokugxila noma ukugxila
• ukudana
• izifiso zezidakamizwa
• isicanucanu

Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile

Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile zingabandakanya:

• ukudideka
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo
• unhlangothi
• isithuthwane
• isifo senhliziyo
• ukulimala kwesibindi noma izinso

Ayikho imithi evunyelwe yi-FDA yokuguqula ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-amphetamine. Esikhundleni salokho, izinyathelo zokuphatha ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, neminye imiphumela emibi ehlobene nezidakamizwa yizindinganiso zokunakekelwa.

Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezisekelayo, ukweqisa izidakamizwa i-amphetamine kungaholela ekufeni.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi noma uthole usizo lokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa, xhumana nalezi zinhlangano:

• I-National Institute on Abuse Abuse (NIDA)
• Ukuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo (SAMHSA)
• I-Narcotic Anonymous (NA)
• Uma wena noma omunye umuntu omaziyo esengozini yokuzilimaza noma ukweqisa ngokweqile ngamabomu, shayela iNational Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku-800-273-TALK mahhala, ukwesekwa okuyimfihlo 24/7. Ungasebenzisa futhi isici sabo sokuxoxa.

Okubalulekile

I-Benzedrine kwakuyigama lomkhiqizo le-amphetamine sulfate. Yayisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1930 kuya kowe-1970.

Ukusetshenziswa kabi komuthi ekugcineni kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu ekukhiqizweni nasekulawulweni okuqinile komuthi ngo-1971. Namuhla, i-amphetamine isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-ADHD, i-narcolepsy, nokukhuluphala ngokweqile.

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwe-Amphetamine kungalimaza ubuchopho, inhliziyo, nezinye izitho ezinkulu. Ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-amphetamine kungasongela impilo ngaphandle kokuthola usizo lwezempilo.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unezinkinga ngomuthi wakho.