Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngokuhlolwa Kwegazi

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa kwegazi?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi?
• Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela isivivinyo?
• Ingabe zikhona izingozi esivivinyweni?
• Ngabe kukhona okunye engifanele ukukwazi ngokuhlolwa kwegazi?
• Izinkomba

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusetshenziselwa ukukala noma ukuhlola amaseli, amakhemikhali, amaprotheni, noma ezinye izinto ezisegazini. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okwaziwa nangokuthi umsebenzi wegazi, kungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlolwa kwebhu. Umsebenzi wegazi uvame ukufakwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nakho kusetshenziselwa:

• Siza ukuxilonga izifo nezimo ezithile
• Bheka isifo esingalapheki noma isimo, njengesifo sikashukela noma i-cholesterol ephezulu
• Thola ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kwesifo kuyasebenza yini
• Bheka ukuthi izitho zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Izitho zakho zihlanganisa isibindi sakho, izinso, inhliziyo ne-thyroid.
• Siza ukuxilonga ukopha noma ukuphazamiseka kwezinkinga
• Thola ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba anenkinga yokulwa nezifo

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwegazi. Okuvamile kufaka:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC). Lokhu kuhlolwa kukala izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zegazi lakho, kufaka phakathi amangqamuzana abomvu namhlophe egazi, ama-platelets kanye ne-hemoglobin. I-CBC ivame ukufakwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okujwayelekile.
• Iphaneli eyisisekelo ye-metabolic. Leli yiqembu lezivivinyo ezilinganisa amakhemikhali athile egazini lakho, kufaka phakathi i-glucose, i-calcium, nama-electrolyte.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme yegazi. Ama-enzyme yizinto ezilawula ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni wakho. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwe-enzyme yegazi. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwe-troponin ne-creatine kinase. Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe uke wahlaselwa yinhliziyo futhi / noma uma ngabe imisipha yenhliziyo yakho yonakele.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola isifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol nokuhlolwa kwe-triglyceride.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, eyaziwa nangokuthi iphaneli yokuqina. Lezi zivivinyo zingakhombisa uma unesifo esidala ukopha kakhulu noma ukujiya kakhulu.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzodinga ukuthatha isampula yegazi lakho. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukudonswa kwegazi. Lapho ukudonswa kwegazi kuthathwa emthanjeni, kwaziwa njenge-venipuncture.

Ngesikhathi se-venipuncture, uchwepheshe welebhu, owaziwa njenge-phlebotomist, uzothatha isampula yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho, esebenzisa inaliti encane. Ngemuva kokuthi kufakwe inaliti, kuzoqoqwa inani elincane legazi kufakwe ithubhu yokuhlola noma isitsha. Ungase uzizwe uluma kancane lapho inaliti ingena noma iphuma. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu.

I-Venipuncture iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ezinye izindlela zokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa komunwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuhlaba umunwe wakho ukuze uthole igazi elincane. Ukuhlolwa komunwe kuvame ukusetshenziselwa amakhithi wokuhlola asekhaya nokuhlolwa okusheshayo. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kulula ukusebenzisa izivivinyo ezinikeza imiphumela esheshayo futhi edinga okokusebenza okuncane noma okungadingi nhlobo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwenduku yesithende. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwenduku yesithende, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlanza isithende sengane yakho ngotshwala bese ephoqa isithende ngenaliti encane. Umhlinzeki uzoqoqa amaconsi ambalwa egazi bese efaka ibhandishi kusayithi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi emithanjeni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukukala amazinga e-oxygen. Igazi elivela emithanjeni linamazinga aphezulu e-oxygen kunegazi elivela emthanjeni. Ngakho-ke kulokhu kuhlolwa, igazi lithathwa emthanjeni esikhundleni somthambo. Ungabuzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu lapho umhlinzeki efaka inaliti emthanjeni ukuze athole isampula segazi.

Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela isivivinyo?

Awudingi noma yimaphi amalungiselelo akhethekile ekuhlolweni okuningi kwegazi. Kokunye ukuhlolwa, ungadinga ukuzila ukudla (ungadli noma uphuze) amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwazisa uma ngabe kukhona imiyalelo ekhethekile ongayilandela.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi esivivinyweni?

Kunengozi encane kakhulu yokuhlolwa ngomunwe noma ukuphindiselwa. Ngesikhathi sokuphindisela, ungaba nobuhlungu obuncane noma ukulimaza lapho kufakwe khona inaliti, kepha izimpawu eziningi ziyaphela ngokushesha.

Kunobungozi obuncane kakhulu enganeni yakho ngokuhlolwa kwesithende. Ingane yakho ingazizwa incanyana lapho isithende sibhakwa, futhi umhuzuko omncane ungakheka esizeni.

Ukuqoqa igazi emthanjeni kubuhlungu kakhulu kunokuqoqwa emthanjeni, kepha izinkinga azivamile. Kungenzeka uphume igazi, ulimale, noma ube buhlungu lapho kufakwe khona inaliti. Futhi, kufanele ugweme ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuhlolwa.

Ngabe kukhona okunye engifanele ukukwazi ngokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngempilo yakho. Kepha akuhlali kunikeza imininingwane eyanele ngesimo sakho. Uma uke waba nomsebenzi wegazi, ungadinga ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba umhlinzeki wakho enze ukuxilongwa.

Izinkomba

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3. Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu Ku-inthanethi [i-Intanethi]. IWashington DC: I-American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c2001-2020. Izeluleko Zokuhlolwa Kwegazi; [kubuyekezwe i-2019 Jan 3; kukhonjiwe ngo-2020 Okthoba 31]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://labtestsonline.org/articles/laboratory-testing-tips-blood-sample
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5. Isikhungo Somdlavuza Kazwelonke [i-Inthanethi]. I-Bethesda (MD): UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Isichazamazwi seNCI Semigomo Yomdlavuza: ukudonsa igazi; [kucashunwe ngo-2020 Okthoba 31]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.cancer.gov/search/results?swKeyword=blood+draw
6. Isikhungo Somdlavuza Kazwelonke [i-Inthanethi]. I-Bethesda (MD): UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Isichazamazwi seNCI Semigomo Yomdlavuza: ukuhlolwa kwegazi; [kucashunwe ngo-2020 Okthoba 31]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/blood-test
7. I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute [i-Intanethi]. I-Bethesda (MD): UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi; [kucashunwe ngo-2020 Okthoba 31]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
8. I-University of Rochester Medical Center [i-Inthanethi]. URochester (NY): Isikhungo Sezokwelapha sase-University of Rochester; c2020. I-Health Encyclopedia: Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi; [kucashunwe ngo-2020 Okthoba 31]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=135&contentid=49
9. I-UW Health [Inthanethi]. UMadison (WI): Izibhedlela zase-University of Wisconsin kanye neGunya Lemitholampilo; c2020. Imininingwane Yezempilo: Amagesi Egazi Ase-Arterial; [kucashunwe ngo-2020 Okthoba 31]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://patient.uwhealth.org/healthwise/article/hw2343#hw2397
10. Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba [i-Inthanethi]. IGeneva (i-SUI): Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba; c2020. Ukuhlolwa okulula / okusheshayo; 2014 Jun 27 [icashunwe ngo-2020 Nov 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3].Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/simple-rapid-tests

Imininingwane ekulesi siza akufanele isetshenziswe esikhundleni sezokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha noma iseluleko. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma unemibuzo ngempilo yakho.