Kuyini ukuqhuma kweZika?

-Delile

• Isithombe se-Zika rash
• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Kubangelwa yini?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Yini ukwelashwa?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?
• Izinkinga ezingenzeka
• Uyini umbono?
• Amathiphu okuvimbela

Ukubuka konke

Ukuqhuma okuhambisana negciwane le-Zika kuyinhlanganisela yamabhulethi ayisicaba (ama-macule) futhi kuphakamisa amaqhuqhuvana amancane abomvu (ama-papules). Igama lobuchwepheshe lokuqubuka ngu "maculopapular." Kuvame ukulunywa.

Igciwane le-Zika lisakazeka ngokulunywa komuntu onegciwane Aedes umiyane. Ukudluliswa nakho kusuka kumama kuya embungwini noma ngokuya ocansini, ukumpontshelwa igazi, noma ukulunywa isilwane.

Igciwane livame ukuba mnene, futhi cishe, akukho zimpawu eziqashelwayo. Lapho izimpawu zivela, zingabandakanya:

• ukuqubuka
• imfiva
• ikhanda
• ukukhathala
• ukuhlangana
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene

Izimpawu zivame ukuxazululwa emasontweni amabili noma ngaphansi.

Leli gciwane liqanjwe ngehlathi laseZika e-Uganda, lapho laqala khona ukuchazwa khona ngo-1947. Laba khona okokuqala emazweni aseMelika ngo-2015, lapho iBrazil ibika ngamacala eZika, amanye anezinkinga ezinkulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuqubuka okungenzeka kulabo abathola i-Zika.

Isithombe se-Zika rash

Ziyini izimpawu?

Iningi labantu abaneZika abanamaqubu futhi abanazo ezinye izimpawu. Ocwaningweni olukhulu lwaseBrazil, amaphesenti angama-38 kuphela abantu abaneZika abakhumbula ukulunywa omiyane.

Uma uthola ukuqhuma kwegciwane le-Zika, kungahle kuvele ngaphakathi kokulunywa umiyane onegciwane. Ukuqhuma kuvame ukuqala esiqwini bese kusakazeka ebusweni, ezingalweni, emilenzeni, ematheni nasezintendeni.

Ukuqhuma kuyinhlanganisela yamabhamu abomvu amancane namabhulebhu abomvu. Ezinye izifo ezithwalwa ngomiyane zinemqubuko efanayo, kufaka phakathi udenga ne-chikungunya. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa njenge.

Kepha ngokungafani nalezi ezinye ukuqubuka kwe-flavivirus, ukuqubuka kweZika kubikwe ukuthi kuyaluma emaphesentini angu-79 wamacala.

Ukuqubuka okufanayo nakho kungabangelwa ukusabela kwezidakamizwa, ukungezwani komzimba, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane nokuvuvukala kohlelo.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe eBrazil lwamacala aqinisekisiwe egciwane le-Zika luthi ezimweni, abantu baya kudokotela ngoba bebona ukuqhuma kweZika.

Kubangelwa yini?

Igciwane leZika lidluliswa ikakhulu ngokulunywa umiyane onegciwane le- Aedes izinhlobo. Igciwane lingena kuma-lymph node nasegazini lakho. Ukuphendula kwamasosha akho omzimba kuleligciwane kungavezwa ngokuqubuka kwe-maculopapular.

Kutholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza nganoma yikuphi ukuhamba kwamuva wena (noma umlingani) okungenzeka ukuthi uye waba nakho lapho iZika ivame khona. Bazofuna ukwazi uma ukhumbula ukulunywa omiyane.

Udokotela uzobuza futhi ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini.

Ngoba ukuqubuka kwegciwane le-Zika kufana nokunye ukutheleleka ngegciwane, udokotela wakho angalawula izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, umchamo, namathe kungasiza ukuqinisekisa uZika. Ukuhlolwa okusha.

Yini ukwelashwa?

Akukho ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwegciwane le-Zika noma ukuqubuka. Ukwelashwa okunconywayo kufana nalokhu kwezinye izifo ezinjengomkhuhlane:

• ukuphumula
• uketshezi oluningi
• i-acetaminophen ukunciphisa umkhuhlane nobuhlungu

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukuqhuma kuvame ukuhamba ngokwakho ngaphakathi ngemuva kokuqala.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Azikho izinkinga ezivela ekuqubukeni kweZika uqobo. Kepha kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu ezivela kuZika virus, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

EBrazil, ngesikhathi kuqhamuka igciwane le-Zika ngo-2015, kwaba khona ezinganeni ezazalwa zinekhanda elincane noma ubuchopho (i-microcephaly) nezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa. Ukuvumelana okuqinile kwesayensi ukuthi kukhona ukuhlangana okuyimbangela negciwane leZika kunina.

Emazweni aseMelika nasePolynesia, kunemibiko yokwanda kwe-meningitis, meningoencephalitis, ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome ehambisana negciwane le-Zika.

Igciwane leZika lidala kanjani futhi kanjani lezi zinkinga manje.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo se-Zika bayelulekwa ukuba bahlolwe ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umbungu ukhombisa izimpawu ze-microcephaly noma okunye okungajwayelekile. Ukuhlola kufaka phakathi i-ultrasound kanye nesampula yamanzi oketshezi lwesibeletho (amniocentesis) ukubheka igciwane leZika.

Uyini umbono?

Okwamanje awukho umuthi wokugomela igciwane le-Zika. Igciwane le-Zika livame ukuba mnene, futhi abantu abaningi ababoni zimpawu. Uma une-Zika rash noma ezinye izimpawu zegciwane, ungalindela ukuthola kabusha emasontweni amabili noma ngaphansi.

Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kwabanye, zivikele ekulungeni omiyane amasonto amathathu ngemuva kokuthola iZika noma uvakashele isifunda lapho iZika ikhona khona. Uma umiyane ekuluma ngenkathi unaleli gciwane, lingabe selisabalalisa leli gciwane kwabanye abantu elilumayo.

Izikhungo ze-U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) zokuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bangayi ezindaweni lapho kunengozi khona iZika. I-CDC futhi ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe banocansi oluvikelwe ngamakhondomu noma bayayeka ukuya ocansini ngenkathi bekhulelwe.

Leli gciwane lihlala emchameni nasemadodeni kunegazi. Abesilisa abanegciwane le-Zika kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela nabalingani babo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma uma kuhlelwe ukukhulelwa. I-CDC yokuthi amadoda ahambele isifunda esineZika kufanele asebenzise amakhondomu noma ayeke ukuya ocansini izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Amathiphu okuvimbela

Ukuzivikela ekulunyweni omiyane kuyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela ngegciwane leZika.

Ezindaweni lapho kunobungozi beZika, thatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa omiyane. Lokhu kusho ukususa noma yimaphi amanzi amile eduze kwendlu angakhiqiza omiyane, kusuka ezimbizeni zezitshalo kuya emabhodleleni amanzi.

Uma uhlala noma uhambela isifunda lapho kunobungozi be-Zika:

• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ezihlanganisa imikhono emide, amabhulukwe amade, amasokisi nezicathulo.
• Sebenzisa umuthi wokuxosha omiyane osebenza okungenani onenani lokuhlushwa okungamaphesenti ayi-10 le-DEET.
• Lala ngaphansi kwenetha lombhede ebusuku futhi uhlale ezindaweni ezinezikrini zamawindi.