Ukusabela okweqile

Ukungezwani komzimba nokuzwela ezintweni ezibizwa ngama-allergen ezihlangana nesikhumba, impumulo, amehlo, umgudu wokuphefumula, kanye nomgudu wamathumbu. Bangaphefumulelwa emaphashini, bagwinywe noma bajojowe.

Ukusabela okweqile kuvamile. Impendulo yomzimba omzimba edala ukungezwani komzimba iyefana nempendulo ebangela i-hay fever. Ukuphendula okuningi kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthintana ne-allergen.

Ukuphendula okuningi kokungezwani komzimba kumnene, kanti okunye kungaba nzima futhi kusongele impilo. Zingagcinwa endaweni encane yomzimba, noma zingathinta umzimba wonke. Ifomu elibi kakhulu libizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis noma ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic. Ukusabela okwe-allergen kwenzeka kaningi kubantu abanomlando wokungezwani komzimba nomndeni.

Izinto ezingabakhathazi abantu abaningi (ezinjenge-venous from bee stings and certain foods, medicines, and pollens) zingadala ukungezwani komzimba nabantu abathile.

Ukuvezwa kokuqala kungaveza ukusabela okuncane kuphela. Ukudalulwa okuphindaphindwayo kungaholela ekuphenduleni okungathi sína ngokwengeziwe. Lapho umuntu esethole ukuvezwa noma ukusabela okweqile (kuyakhuthazeka), ngisho nokuchayeka okulinganiselwe kunani elincane kakhulu le-allergen kungadala ukusabela okunzima.

Ukusabela okweqile okwedlulele kwenzeka ngemizuzwana noma imizuzu ngemuva kokuchayeka ku-allergen. Okunye ukusabela kungenzeka ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ikakhulukazi uma i-allergen ibangela ukusabela ngemuva kokudliwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukusabela kukhula ngemuva kwamahora angama-24.

I-Anaphylaxis ukusabela okweqile futhi okunzima kokungezwani komzimba okwenzeka kungakapheli imizuzu yokuvezwa. Kudingeka ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kulesi simo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-anaphylaxis ingaba yimbi ngokushesha okukhulu futhi iholele ekufeni kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15.

Ama-allergen ajwayelekile afaka:

• I-dander yezilwane
• Izinyosi noma izinyosi ezivela kwezinye izinambuzane
• Ukudla, ikakhulukazi amantongomane, inhlanzi ne-shellfish
• Ukulunywa izinambuzane
• Imithi
• Izimila
• Impova

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuphendula okuncane komzimba zihlanganisa:

• Isifuba (ikakhulukazi entanyeni nasebusweni)
• Ukulunywa
• Ukuminyana emakhaleni
• AmaRash
• Amanzi, amehlo abomvu

Izimpawu zokuphendula okuphakathi noma okunzima zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile (ephezulu)
• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesifuba noma ukuqina
• Khwehlela
• Uhudo
• Kunzima ukuphefumula, ukuvunguza
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
• Ukuqhuma noma ukubomvu kobuso
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Ukushaya kancane
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso, amehlo, noma ulimi
• Ukuquleka

Ngokuphendula okuncane kuya kokulingene:

Hlisa umoya futhi uqinisekise umuntu ophendulayo. Ukukhathazeka kungenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Zama ukukhomba i-allergen bese lowo muntu egwema ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo nayo.

1. Uma umuntu eba nokuqubuka kokulunywa, sebenzisa ukucindezela okupholile kanye nokhilimu we-hydrocortisone ongaphezulu kwekhawunta.
2. Bheka umuntu ukuthola izimpawu zokucindezeleka okwandayo.
3. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha. Ukuze usabele kahle, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angancoma imithi engaphezulu kwekhawunta, njengama-antihistamine.

Ukuze uthole ukusabela okweqile komzimba (anaphylaxis):

Bheka indlela yomoya yomuntu, ukuphefumula, nokusakazwa kwakhe (i-ABC's Basic Life Support). Uphawu oluyisixwayiso lokuvuvukala komphimbo okuyingozi izwi elihoshozela kakhulu noma elihlebelweyo, noma imisindo egqashukile lapho umuntu ephefumula emoyeni. Uma kunesidingo, qala ukutakula ukuphefumula kanye ne-CPR.

1. Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo.
2. Hlisa umoya futhi umqinisekise lowo muntu.
3. Uma ukungezwani komzimba kusuka ekulunyweni yizinyosi, susa isitinyela esikhunjeni ngento eqinile (njengezipho zomunwe noma ikhadi lesikweletu lepulasitiki). Ungasebenzisi udlawana - ukukhama isitinyela kuzokhipha ubuthi obuningi.
4. Uma lowo muntu enomuthi ophuthumayo wokungezwani komzimba nomjovo (Epinephrine), wuphathe ekuqaleni kokuphendula. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi ukusabela kuya kuba kubi yini. Gwema umuthi womlomo uma umuntu ephefumula kanzima.
5. Thatha izinyathelo ukuvimbela ukushaqeka. Yenza umuntu alale phansi, aphakamise izinyawo zomuntu cishe ngamasentimitha angu-12 (30 centimeters), bese umboza ngejazi noma ngengubo. Ungambeki umuntu kulesi sikhundla uma kusolwa ukulimala ekhanda, entanyeni, emuva, noma emlenzeni noma uma kubanga ukungaphatheki kahle.

Uma umuntu eguliswa okuthile:

• Ungacabangi ukuthi noma ikuphi ukungezwani komzimba umuntu akutholile kuzohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphelele.
• Ungabeki umqamelo ngaphansi kwekhanda lomuntu uma enenkinga yokuphefumula. Lokhu kungavimba imigwaqo yomoya.
• Ungamniki lutho umuntu ngomlomo uma umuntu enenkinga yokuphefumula.

Shayela usizo lwezokwelapha (i-911 noma inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo) ngokushesha uma:

• Umuntu uthola ukusabela okweqile komzimba. Musa ukulinda ukubona ukuthi ukusabela kuya ngokuya kuba kubi yini.
• Umuntu unomlando wokungazwani komzimba (hlola umaki we-ID yezokwelapha).

Ukuvimbela ukusabela okweqile:

• Gwema izimbangela ezifana nokudla nemithi edale ukusabela okweqile esikhathini esedlule. Buza imibuzo eningiliziwe mayelana nezithako lapho udla ekhaya.Bheka ngokucophelela amalebula ezithako.
• Uma unengane engezwani nokudla okuthile, yethula ukudla okusha okukodwa ngesikhathi ngamanani amancane ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukusabela okweqile.
• Abantu ababa nokungezwani komzimba okubucayi kufanele bafake umaki we-medical medical futhi baphathe imishanguzo ephuthumayo, efana nohlobo oluhlafunwayo lwe-chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), kanye ne-epinephrine ejojoweyo noma isitifiketi sezinyosi, ngokwemiyalo yomhlinzeki wakho.
• Ungasebenzisi i-epinephrine yakho ejojowe komunye umuntu. Bangaba nesimo, njengenkinga yenhliziyo, engenziwa yimbi ngalesi sidakamizwa.

I-anaphylaxis; I-Anaphylaxis - usizo lokuqala

• Ukusabela okweqile
• I-Dermatographism - ukusondela
• I-dermatographism engalweni
• Isifuba (urticaria) engalweni
• Isifuba (urticaria) esifubeni
• Isifuba (urticaria) - ukusondela
• Isifuba (urticaria) esiqwini
• I-dermatographism ngemuva
• Dermatographism - ingalo
• Ukusabela okweqile

I-Auerbach PS. Ukusabela okweqile. Ku: Auerbach PS, ed. Imithi Yangaphandle. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: 64-65.

IBarkdale AN, uMuelleman RL. Ukungezwani komzimba, i-hypersensitivity, ne-anaphylaxis. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 109.

I-Custovic A, Tovey E. Isilawuli se-Allergen sokuvikela nokuphathwa kwezifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba. Ku: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, ama-eds. Ukungezwani komzimba noMiddleton: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 84.

ULieberman P, uNicklas RA, uRandolph C, et al. I-Anaphylaxis - ukubuyekeza ipharamitha yokusebenza ngo-2015. Ann Ukungezwani komzimba ne-Asthma Immunol. 2015; 115 (5): 341-384. I-PMID: 26505932 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26505932/.