Umhlahlandlela wama-Anti-Inflammatories e-Over-the-Counter (OTC)

-Delile

• Isebenzisa
• Izinhlobo zama-NSAID
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Izinkinga zesisu
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo
• Lapho ufuna ukwelashwa
• Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa
• Okwezingane
• Isifo sikaReye
• Amathiphu wokusebenzisa ama-OTC NSAID
• Hlola izidingo zakho
• Funda amalebula
• Zigcine kahle
• Thatha isilinganiso esifanele
• Ungazivikela nini ama-NSAID
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukubuka konke

Imithi ye-Over-the-counter (OTC) yimithi ongayithenga ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela. Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) yizidakamizwa ezisiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, okuvame ukusiza ukuqeda izinhlungu. Ngamanye amagama, yizidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala.

Nawa ama-OSA NSAID ajwayelekile kakhulu:

• i-aspirin yedosi ephezulu
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol)
• I-naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

Ama-NSAID angasebenza kakhulu. Bajwayele ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi ngokuvamile banemiphumela emibi embalwa kune-corticosteroids, nayo eyehlisa ukuvuvukala.

Noma kunjalo, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-NSAID, kufanele wazi ngemiphumela engemihle nokuhlangana kwezidakamizwa. Funda kabanzi ngalolu lwazi kanye namathiphu wokuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani ama-NSAID ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.

Isebenzisa

Ama-NSAID asebenza ngokuvimba ama-prostaglandin, okuyizinto ezishukumisa ukuphela kwezinzwa zakho futhi zithuthukise ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala. Ama-Prostaglandins nawo adlala indima ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa komzimba wakho.

Ngokuvimbela imiphumela ye-prostaglandins, ama-NSAID asiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu bakho futhi ehlisa imfiva yakho. Eqinisweni, ama-NSAID angasiza ekunciphiseni izinhlobo eziningi zokungahambi kahle, kufaka phakathi:

• ikhanda
• iqolo
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukuvuvukala nokuqina okubangelwa yi-arthritis nezinye izimo zokuvuvukala
• izinhlungu nokuya esikhathini
• ubuhlungu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okuncane
• ukuqhuma noma okunye ukulimala

Ama-NSAID abaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni izimpawu zesifo samathambo, njengobuhlungu obuhlangene, ukuvuvukala nokuqina. Ama-NSAID athambekele ekubizeni futhi afinyeleleke kalula, ngakho-ke imishanguzo yokuqala enikezwa abantu abane-arthritis.

I-celecoxib yemithi kadokotela (i-Celebrex) ivame ukunikezwa ukuphatha isikhathi eside kwezimpawu ze-arthritis. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulula esiswini sakho kunamanye ama-NSAID.

Izinhlobo zama-NSAID

Ama-NSAID avimba i-enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) ekwakheni ama-prostaglandin. Umzimba wakho ukhiqiza izinhlobo ezimbili ze-COX: i-COX-1 ne-COX-2.

I-COX-1 ivikela ulwelwesi lwesisu sakho, kanti i-COX-2 ibangela ukuvuvukala. Ama-NSAID amaningi awacacisiwe, okusho ukuthi avimba i-COX-1 ne-COX-2.

Ama-NSAID angafani atholakala ngaphezu kwekhawunta e-United States afaka:

• i-aspirin yedosi ephezulu
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol)
• I-naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

I-aspirin yedosi ephansi ayihlukaniswa ngokwejwayelekile njenge-NSAID.

Ama-NSAID angafani atholakala ngemithi kadokotela e-United States afaka:

• i-diclofenac (iZorvolex)
• diflunisal
• i-etodolac
• i-famotidine / ibuprofen (i-Duexis)
• usipro
• indomethacin (Tivorbex)
• ketoprofen
• i-mefenamic acid (iPonstel)
• i-meloxicam (Vivlodex, Mobic)
• nabumetone
• oxaprozin (Daypro)
• i-piroxicam (Feldene)
• sulindac

Ama-inhibitors e-COX-2 akhethiwe angama-NSAID avimba kakhulu i-COX-2 kune-COX-1. I-Celecoxib (i-Celebrex) okwamanje iyona kuphela i-COX-2 inhibitor ekhethiwe etholakala ngemithi e-United States.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Ngenxa yokuthi ungathenga ama-NSAID ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela akusho ukuthi ayinabungozi ngokuphelele. Kunemiphumela emibi engaba khona kanye nezingozi, okuvame kakhulu ukucasula isisu, igesi kanye nohudo.

Ama-NSAID enzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile nangesikhathi esifushane. Ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi iyanda uma uyisebenzisa isikhathi eside.

Njalo khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ama-NSAID, futhi ungathathi izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-NSAID ngasikhathi sinye.

Izinkinga zesisu

Ama-NSAID avimba i-COX-1, esiza ukuvikela ulwelwesi lwesisu sakho. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthatha ama-NSAID kungaba nomthelela ezinkingeni ezincane zamathumbu, kufaka phakathi:

• isisu esibuhlungu
• igesi
• isifo sohudo
• isilungulela
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ukuqunjelwa

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuthatha ama-NSAID kungacasula ulwelwesi lwesisu sakho ngokwanele ukudala isilonda. Ezinye izilonda zingaholela ngisho nasekuphumeni kwegazi kwangaphakathi.

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, yeka ukusebenzisa i-NSAID ngokushesha bese ushayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo:

• ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• indle emnyama noma yokulibala
• igazi esitokisini sakho

Ingozi yokuthuthukisa izingqinamba zesisu iphezulu kubantu:

• thatha ama-NSAID njalo
• unomlando wezilonda zesisu
• thatha izinciphisi zegazi noma ama-corticosteroids
• bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65

Unganciphisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa izingqinamba zesisu ngokuthatha ama-NSAID ngokudla, ubisi, noma i-antacid.

Uma uthuthukisa izingqinamba zesisu, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakukhuthaza ukuthi ushintshele ku-COX-2 inhibitor ekhethiwe efana ne-celecoxib (Celebrex). Akunamathuba amancane okubangela ukucasuka kwesisu kunama-NSAID angaqondile.

Izinkinga zenhliziyo

Ukuthatha ama-NSAID kukhulisa ubungozi bakho:

• isifo senhliziyo
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• unhlangothi
• amahlule egazi

Ingozi yokuthuthukisa lezi zimo iyanda ngokusetshenziswa kaningi nemithamo ephezulu.

Abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo basengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa izingqinamba ezihlobene nenhliziyo ekuthatheni ama-NSAID.

Lapho ufuna ukwelashwa

Yeka ukuthatha i-NSAID ngokushesha futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• kukhala ezindlebeni zakho
• ukungaboni kahle
• ukuqubuka, isifuba nokunwaya
• ukugcinwa koketshezi
• igazi emchameni wakho noma ezihlalweni
• ukuhlanza negazi emhlanzweni wakho
• ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• i-jaundice

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

Ama-NSAID angaxhumana neminye imithi. Ezinye izidakamizwa azisebenzi kahle lapho zisebenzisana nama-NSAID. Izibonelo ezimbili imithi yengcindezi yegazi kanye ne-aspirin yedosi ephansi (uma isetshenziswa njenge-thinner yegazi).

Okunye ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa kungadala imiphumela emibi kakhulu, futhi. Qaphela uma usebenzisa le mithi elandelayo:

• I-Warfarin. Ama-NSAID empeleni angakhuphula umphumela we-warfarin (Coumadin), umuthi osetshenziselwa ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha amahlule egazi. Inhlanganisela ingadala ukopha ngokweqile.
• ICyclosporine. ICyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-arthritis noma i-ulcerative colitis (UC). Futhi kunqunyelwe abantu abaye bafakelwa isitho. Ukuyithatha nge-NSAID kungaholela ekulimaleni kwezinso.
• ILithium. Ukuhlanganisa ama-NSAID ne-lithium-stabilizing drug lithium kungaholela ekwakhiweni okuyingozi kwe-lithium emzimbeni wakho.
• I-aspirin yomthamo ophansi. Ukuthatha ama-NSAID nge-aspirin yesilinganiso esincane kungandisa ingozi yokuthola izilonda zesisu.
• I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe (SSRIs). Ukopha ngaphakathi kohlelo lokugaya ukudla kungahle kube yinkinga uma uthatha ama-NSAID ngama-serotonin reuptake inhibitors akhethiwe (SSRIs).
• Izidakamizwa. Ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga ukuthatha ama-NSAID uma nawe uthatha umchamo. Kodwa-ke, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele akuhlole ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokulimala kwezinso ngenkathi uzithatha zombili.

Okwezingane

Njalo hlola nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokunikeza noma yimaphi ama-NSAID enganeni engaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 ubudala. Isikali sezingane sisuselwa kusisindo, ngakho-ke funda ishadi lomthamo elifakiwe nomuthi ukunquma ukuthi unganikeza ingane malini.

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol) yi-NSAID esetshenziswa kakhulu ezinganeni. Kuphela futhi okuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni ezisencane njengezinyanga ezintathu ubudala. INaproxen (i-Aleve, iNaprosyn) inganikezwa izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 ubudala.

Yize i-aspirin ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni ezingaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, izingane ezineminyaka engu-17 nangaphansi ezingaba nengxibongo noma umkhuhlane kufanele zigweme i-aspirin nemikhiqizo enayo.

Ukunikeza izingane i-aspirin kungakhuphula ubungozi bayo kwiReye’s syndrome, isimo esibi esidala ukuvuvukala esibindini nasebuchosheni.

Isifo sikaReye

Izimpawu zokuqala zeReye's syndrome zivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokululama ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane, njengenkukhu noma umkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, umuntu angabuye athuthukise i-Reye's syndrome izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 ngemuva kokuqala kokutheleleka.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 ezibandakanya isifo sohudo nokuphefumula okusheshayo. Izimpawu zokuqala ezinganeni ezindala nentsha zifaka ukuhlanza nokulala okungavamile.

Izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zifaka:

• ukudideka noma ukusangana
• isimilo esinolaka noma esingenangqondo
• ubuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka ezandleni nasemilenzeni
• isithuthwane
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi

Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasindisa ukuphila. Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-Reye's syndrome, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Amathiphu wokusebenzisa ama-OTC NSAID

Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu ekwelashweni kwe-OTC, landela lezi zeluleko.

Hlola izidingo zakho

Eminye imithi ye-OTC, efana ne-acetaminophen (Tylenol), inhle ekudambiseni izinhlungu kepha ayisizi ngokuvuvukala. Uma ungakwazi ukubekezelela, ama-NSAID kungenzeka ukuthi angcono kakhulu ekukhetheni i-arthritis nezinye izimo zokuvuvukala.

Funda amalebula

Eminye imikhiqizo ye-OTC ihlanganisa i-acetaminophen nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala. Ama-NSAID angatholakala kweminye imishanguzo ebandayo neyomkhuhlane. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda uhlu lwezithako kuyo yonke imithi ye-OTC ukuze wazi ukuthi ungakanani umuthi ngamunye owuthathayo.

Ukuthatha isithako esiningi kakhulu semikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe kukhulisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Zigcine kahle

Imithi ye-OTC ingalahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo ngaphambi kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi uma igcinwe endaweni eshisayo nenomswakama, njengekhabethe lemithi yokugezela. Ukuzigcina zigcine, zigcine endaweni epholile, eyomile.

Thatha isilinganiso esifanele

Lapho uthatha i-OTC NSAID, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda futhi ulandele izinkomba. Imikhiqizo iyahluka ngamandla, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uthatha inani elifanele njalo.

Ungazivikela nini ama-NSAID

Ama-NSAID akuwona umqondo omuhle kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngaphambi kokuthatha le mithi, hlola umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma uke waba nakho noma uke waba nakho:

• ukusabela okweqile ku-aspirin noma omunye umuthi wokuqeda ubuhlungu
• isifo segazi
• ukuphuma kwegazi esiswini, izilonda ezinamaphaphu, noma izinkinga zamathumbu
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo senhliziyo
• isifo sesibindi noma sezinso
• isifo sikashukela okunzima ukusilawula
• umlando wokushaywa unhlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ubudala futhi uhlela ukuthatha ama-NSAID.

Uma ukhulelwe, thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha ama-NSAID. Uthole ukuthi ukuthatha ama-NSAID ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho kungandisa ubungozi bokukhulelwa kwesisu, kepha izifundo eziningi ziyadingeka.

Ukuthatha ama-NSAID ngesikhathi se-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa akukhuthazwa. Zingadala ukuthi umthambo wegazi osenhliziyweni yengane uvale ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Kufanele futhi ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nokuphepha kokusebenzisa i-NSAID uma uphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ngosuku noma uma uphuza imithi yokuncipha igazi.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ama-NSAID angaba mkhulu ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukuvuvukala, futhi amaningi ayatholakala ekhawunteni. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nomthamo ofanele, futhi ungadluli lowo mkhawulo.

Ama-NSAID angaba izithako emithini ethile, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ufunda ilebula lanoma imuphi umuthi we-OTC owuthathayo.