Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa usizo lokuqala

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukusetshenziswa kabi noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwanoma imuphi umuthi noma isidakamizwa, kubandakanya notshwala. Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngosizo lokuqala lokweqisa izidakamizwa nokuhoxa.

Izidakamizwa eziningi zasemgwaqweni azinazo izinzuzo zokwelashwa. Noma ikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zidakamizwa kuyindlela yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha inkinga yezempilo ingasetshenziswa kabi, kungaba ngengozi noma ngenhloso. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho abantu bethatha okungaphezu komthamo ojwayelekile.Ukuhlukumeza kungenzeka futhi uma umuthi uphuzwa ngenhloso notshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa.

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nakho kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngazo zonke izidakamizwa oziphuzayo. Lokhu kufaka amavithamini neminye imithi oyithenge ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.

Izidakamizwa eziningi ziyalutha. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukulutheka kuhamba kancane. Futhi ezinye izidakamizwa (njenge-cocaine) zingadala ukulutha ngemuva kokulinganisa okumbalwa kuphela. Umlutha kusho ukuthi umuntu unesifiso esinamandla sokusebenzisa into futhi akakwazi ukuyeka, noma ngabe efuna.

Umuntu osengumlutha wesidakamizwa imvamisa uzoba nezimpawu zokuhoxa lapho umuthi umiswa kungazelelwe. Ukwelashwa kungasiza ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa izimpawu zokuhoxa.

Umthamo wezidakamizwa omkhulu ngokwanele ukulimaza umzimba (ubuthi) ubizwa ngokuthi ukweqisa ngokweqile. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzumayo, lapho inani elikhulu lomuthi lithathwa ngasikhathi sinye. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kwenzeke kancane kancane njengoba umuthi wakheka emzimbeni isikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungasindisa impilo yomuntu osebenzise ngokweqile.

Ukweqisa izidakamizwa kwe-narcotic kungadala ukulala, ukuphuza ukuphefumula, kanye nokuquleka.

Ama-upper (ama-stimulants) akhiqiza injabulo, ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo, nokuphefumula okusheshayo. Ama-Downers (depressants) enza okuphambene nalokho.

Izidakamizwa ezishintsha ingqondo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-hallucinogens. Kubandakanya i-LSD, i-PCP (i-angel dust), nezinye izidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni. Ukusebenzisa le mithi kungadala ukuphanga, ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukucasula, noma ukuhoxa ngokweqile emphakathini.

Izidakamizwa zensangu ezifana nensangu zingadala ukuphumula, ukukhubazeka kwezimoto, kanye nokwanda kwesifiso sokudla.

Lapho imishanguzo kadokotela ithathwa ngaphezu kwamanani ajwayelekile, kungenzeka imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Izimpawu zokweqisa izidakamizwa ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, kuya ngomuthi othile osetshenzisiwe, kepha ungafaka:

• Usayizi wabafundi ongajwayelekile noma abafundi abangashintshi usayizi lapho ukukhanya kukhanya kubo
• Ukuyaluza
• Ukudlikizela, ukuthuthumela
• Ukuziphatha okukhohlisayo noma okuphambene, ama-hallucinations
• Kunzima ukuphefumula
• Ukozela, ikhoma
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuhamba okumangazayo noma okungazinzile (ataxia)
• Ukujuluka noma ukoma ngokweqile, isikhumba esishisayo, amabhamuza, ukuqubuka
• Ukuziphatha okunodlame noma okunolaka
• Ukufa

Izimpawu zokuhoxa kwezidakamizwa nazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, kuya ngomuthi othile osetshenzisiwe, kepha ungafaka:

• Ukuqunjelwa esiswini
• Ukuyaluza, ukungahlaliseki
• Umjuluko obandayo
• Ukuduka, ukubona izinto ezingekho
• Ukucindezeleka
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo
• Ukuquleka
• Ukufa

1. Bheka indlela yomoya yomuntu, ukuphefumula, nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma kudingeka, qala i-CPR. Uma uqulekile kodwa uphefumula, beka ngokucophelela lowo muntu endaweni yokutakula ngokugoqa lowo muntu ngakuwe ngakwesokunxele. Gobisa umlenze ongaphezulu ukuze zombili izinqulu namadolo kungama-engeli angakwesokudla. Gwema ngobumnene ikhanda labo emuva ukugcina umoya uvulekile. Uma umuntu ephaphama, khulula izimpahla zokugqoka bese umgcina efudumele, bese umqinisekisa. Zama ukugcina umuntu ezolile. Uma usola ukweqisa ngokweqile, zama ukuvimbela lowo muntu ekuthatheni izidakamizwa eziningi. Shayela usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

2. Phatha lowo muntu ngezimpawu zokwethuka. Izimpawu zifaka ubuthakathaka, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinzipho, isikhumba se-clammy, ukuphaphatheka nokuncipha kokuqwashisa.

3. Uma umuntu equleka, nikeza usizo lokuqala ngokuquleka.

4. Gcina ukuqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile zomuntu (ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, umfutho wegazi, uma kungenzeka) kuze kufike usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha.

5. Uma kungenzeka, zama ukuthola ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo ethathwe, kangakanani nokuthi nini. Gcina noma yimaphi amabhodlela amaphilisi noma ezinye iziqukathi zezidakamizwa. Nikeza lolu lwazi kubasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo.

Izinto okungafanele uzenze lapho unakekela umuntu okweqise ngokweqile:

• UNGABEKI ukuphepha kwakho engozini. Eminye imithi ingadala ubudlova nokuziphatha okungalindelekile. Shayela usizo lwezokwelapha.
• Ungazami ukubonisana nomuntu osebenzisa izidakamizwa. Ungalindeli ukuthi baziphathe kahle.
• UNGANIKI imibono yakho lapho unikeza usizo. Awudingi ukwazi ukuthi kungani izidakamizwa zithathwe ukuze unikeze usizo lokuqala olusebenzayo.

Izimo eziphuthumayo zezidakamizwa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuzibona. Uma ucabanga ukuthi umuntu weqise ngokweqile, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi othile uyahoxa, nikeza usizo lokuqala futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.

Zama ukuthola ukuthi umuntu udle muphi umuthi. Uma kungenzeka, qoqa zonke iziqukathi zemithi kanye nanoma yimaphi amasampula ezidakamizwa asele noma ukuhlanza komuntu bese uyisa esibhedlela.

Uma wena noma omunye onaye weqe ngokweqile, shayela inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo (efana ne-911), noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi, esingafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela ucingo lwasimahla lwe-Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) ) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Zonke izikhungo zokulawula ubuthi e-United States zisebenzisa le nombolo kazwelonke. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingeki ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Esibhedlela, umhlinzeki uzokwenza umlando nokuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa nezinqubo kuzokwenziwa lapho kudingeka.

Lokhu kungafaka:

• Amalahle asebenzayo kanye nama-laxatives okusiza ukususa izidakamizwa ezigwinyiwe emzimbeni (kwesinye isikhathi zinikezwa ngepayipi elibekwe emlonyeni wesisu)
• Ukuxhaswa kwe-Airway nokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi i-oxygen, imaski yobuso, ishubhu elingena emlonyeni ku-trachea, nomshini wokuphefumula (i-ventilator)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• I-CT scan yekhanda, intamo, nezinye izindawo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo)
• Uketshezi olungena ngaphakathi (uketshezi ngomthambo)
• Imithi yokuguqula imiphumela yezidakamizwa
• Impilo yengqondo nokuhlolwa komsebenzi wezenhlalakahle nosizo

Ezimweni ezibucayi, lowo muntu angadinga ukuthi angeniswe esibhedlela ukuze athole okunye ukwelashwa.

Umphumela uncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• Uhlobo nenani lemithi
• Lapho izidakamizwa zangena emzimbeni, njengasemlonyeni, ekhaleni, noma ngomjovo (ukungena ngaphakathi noma isikhumba)
• Ukuthi lowo muntu unazo yini ezinye izinkinga zempilo

Izinsizakusebenza eziningi ziyatholakala ekwelapheni ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Buza umhlinzeki ngemithombo yasendaweni.

Ukweqisa izidakamizwa ezidakamizweni; Usizo lokuqala lokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa

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Iwanicki JL. Ama-hallucinogens. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 150.

IMinns AB, iClark RF. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 140.

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