Isikali Sobuhlungu

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo zesikali sezinhlungu ezikhona?
• Isikali sobuhlungu obungenakulinganiswa
• Izikali zokulinganiswa kwamanani (NRS)
• Isikali se-analog ebonakalayo (VAS)
• Izikali zesigaba
• Amathuluzi we-multidimensional
• Ithuluzi lokuqala lokuhlola ubuhlungu
• Ukuqoqwa kobuhlungu obufushane (BPI)
• Uhlu lwemibuzo yezinhlungu zeMcGill (MPQ)
• Ukuthatha

Siyini isilinganiso sezinhlungu, futhi sisetshenziswa kanjani?

Isikali sobuhlungu ithuluzi elisetshenziswa odokotela ukusiza ukuhlola ubuhlungu bomuntu. Umuntu uvame ukuzibika ngokwakhe ubuhlungu bakhe esebenzisa isilinganiso esiklanywe ngokukhethekile, kwesinye isikhathi ngosizo lukadokotela, umzali, noma umnakekeli. Izikali zobuhlungu zingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokungeniswa esibhedlela, ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kodokotela, ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba, noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Odokotela basebenzisa isikali sobuhlungu ukuqonda kangcono izici ezithile zobuhlungu bomuntu. Ezinye zalezi zici ubude bezinhlungu, ubunzima, nohlobo.

Izikali zezinhlungu zingasiza nodokotela ukuthi benze ukuxilongwa okunembile, bakhe uhlelo lokwelashwa, futhi balinganise ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa. Isikali sezinhlungu sikhona kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka, kusuka ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa kuya kwabadala, kanye nabantu abanekhono lokuxhumana elingasebenzi kahle.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zesikali sezinhlungu ezikhona?

Kunezigaba ezimbili ezibandakanya izinhlobo eziningana zesikali sobuhlungu.

Isikali sobuhlungu obungenakulinganiswa

Lezi zikali zobuhlungu ziyindlela elula yokuthi abantu balinganise ukuqina kobuhlungu babo. Basebenzisa amagama, izithombe, noma izincazelo ukukala ubuhlungu noma ukukhululeka kobuhlungu. Ezinye izikali ezivamile zokuzwa ubuhlungu zifaka:

Izikali zokulinganiswa kwamanani (NRS)

Lesi sikali sobuhlungu sisetshenziswa kakhulu. Umuntu ulinganisela ubuhlungu bakhe esikalini sika-0 kuye ku-10 noma ku-0 kuye ku-5. UZero usho ukuthi “abukho ubuhlungu,” kanti u-5 noma u-10 usho ukuthi “ubuhlungu obungakaze bube khona.”

La mazinga obunzima bezinhlungu angahlolwa ekwelashweni kokuqala, noma ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Isikali se-analog ebonakalayo (VAS)

Lesi sikali sobuhlungu sikhombisa umugqa wamasentimitha ayi-10 ophrintwe esicucwini sephepha, esinamahange kokugcina ngakunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi 'abukho ubuhlungu,' futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi 'buhlungu kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka' noma "ubuhlungu obubi kakhulu ongabucabanga."

Umuntu umaka indawo noma u-X kulayini ukukhombisa ukuqina kobuhlungu bakhe. Udokotela bese ulinganisa ulayini nombusi ukuze aqhamuke nesilinganiso sobuhlungu.

Izikali zesigaba

Lezi zikali zobuhlungu zinika abantu indlela elula yokulinganisa ubuhlungu babo besebenzisa isichazi somlomo noma esibukwayo sobuhlungu babo. Ezinye izibonelo kungaba amagama athi "mnene," "ukungaphatheki kahle," "okucindezelayo," "okunyantisayo," "nokuhlukumeza."

Ezinganeni, izikali zobuhlungu ezisebenzisa izithombe zobuso zivame ukusetshenziswa. Ingane inganikezwa ngemifanekiso yobuso obuhlukene obuyisishiyagalombili ngezinkulumo ezahlukahlukene. Ingane ikhetha ubuso ezizwa buhambisana kakhulu nezinga labo lamanje lobuhlungu.

Amathuluzi we-multidimensional

Amathuluzi we-multidimensional wokuhlola ubuhlungu awahlali esetshenziswa njalo. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi bathi babaluleke ngokweqile, basetshenziswa nje kancane. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

Ithuluzi lokuqala lokuhlola ubuhlungu

Leli thuluzi lenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala. Kuyasiza udokotela ukuthola ulwazi kumuntu mayelana nezici zobuhlungu bakhe, indlela umuntu azwakalisa ngayo ubuhlungu bakhe, nokuthi ubuhlungu buyithinta kanjani impilo yomuntu yansuku zonke.

Lesi sikali sobuhlungu sifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa komdwebo wephepha. Kukhombisa umzimba lapho abantu bengabeka khona indawo yobuhlungu babo, kanye nesikali sokukala ukuqina kobuhlungu nesikhala samazwana amaningi. Bona isibonelo sethuluzi lokuhlola lapha.

Ukuqoqwa kobuhlungu obufushane (BPI)

Leli thuluzi lishesha kakhulu futhi lilula ukuthi abantu balisebenzise ukusiza ukukala ukuqina kobuhlungu nokukhubazeka okuhambisana nakho. Kufaka phakathi uchungechunge lwemibuzo ekhuluma ngezinhlungu ezizwe emahoreni angama-24 edlule. Bona isibonelo saleli thuluzi lapha.

Uhlu lwemibuzo yezinhlungu zeMcGill (MPQ)

Lesi ngesinye sezikali zezinhlungu ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kakhulu. Livela kwifomu lemibuzo, futhi lihlola ubuhlungu bomuntu ngokuya ngamagama awasebenzisayo ukuchaza ubuhlungu bakhe. Bona isibonelo saleli thuluzi lapha.

Ukuthatha

Izikali zezinhlungu zingasiza ekuhloleni ubuhlungu obunzima bomuntu, noma obungazelelwe. Kodwa-ke, lawa mathuluzi kwesinye isikhathi angenza lula inqubo yokuhlola ubuhlungu.

Ubuhlungu bungaba yizinto eziningi. Kungaba nezici ezihlukile futhi kuthinte izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zempilo yomuntu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izikali zobuhlungu be-multidimensional ziphakathi kwezinto eziwusizo kakhulu futhi eziphumelelayo lapho zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubuhlungu obuyinkimbinkimbi noma obungapheli (besikhathi eside).