Ukopha

Ukopha ukulahleka kwegazi. Ukopha kungaba:

• Ngaphakathi komzimba (ngaphakathi)
• Ngaphandle komzimba (ngaphandle)

Ukopha kungahle kwenzeke:

• Ngaphakathi komzimba lapho igazi liphuma emithanjeni yegazi noma ezithweni
• Ngaphandle komzimba lapho igazi ligeleza ngokuvuleka kwemvelo (njengendlebe, ikhala, umlomo, isitho sangasese, noma i-rectum)
• Ngaphandle komzimba lapho igazi lihamba ngekhefu esikhunjeni

Thola usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo lokopha kakhulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ucabanga ukuthi kukhona ukopha ngaphakathi. Ukopha ngaphakathi kungasongela impilo ngokushesha. Kudingeka ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukulimala kanzima kungadala ukopha kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukulimala okuncane kungopha kakhulu. Isibonelo isilonda sekhanda.

Ungopha kakhulu uma uthatha umuthi wokunciphisa igazi noma unenkinga yokopha efana ne-hemophilia. Ukopha kubantu abanjalo kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuphumeni kwangaphandle ukusebenzisa ingcindezi eqondile. Lokhu kungenzeka kumise ukopha okuningi kwangaphandle.

Hlanza izandla zakho njalo ngaphambi (uma kungenzeka) nangemva kokunikeza usizo lokuqala kumuntu opha. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela ukutheleleka.

Zama ukusebenzisa amagilavu ​​e-latex lapho welapha umuntu opha. Amagilavu ​​e-Latex kufanele abe kuwo wonke amakhithi osizo lokuqala. Abantu abaphikisana ne-latex bangasebenzisa amagilavu ​​angenayo i-nonlatex. Ungabamba izifo, njenge-hepatitis yegciwane noma i-HIV / AIDS, uma uthinta igazi elinegciwane futhi lingena enxebeni elivulekile, ngisho nelincane.

Yize amanxeba okubhoboza ngokuvamile engophi kakhulu, anengozi enkulu yokutheleleka. Funa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuvimbela isifo sokuqina kwemisipha noma okunye ukutheleleka.

Amanxeba esiswini, okhalweni, okhalweni, entanyeni nasesifubeni angaba mabi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kube nokopha okukhulu kwangaphakathi. Zingahle zingabukeki zimbi kakhulu, kepha zingadala ukwethuka nokufa.

• Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha nganoma yisiphi isisu sesisu, i-pelvic, i-groin, intamo, noma isifuba.
• Uma izitho zivela enxebeni, ungazami ukuzibuyisela emuva endaweni yazo.
• Mboza ukulimala ngendwangu emanzi noma ngebhandishi.
• Faka ingcindezi emnene ukumisa ukopha kulezi zindawo.

Ukwehla kwegazi kungadala ukuthi igazi liqoqane ngaphansi kwesikhumba, lisenze libe mnyama neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ukulinyazwa). Faka isicelo se-compress epholile endaweni ngokushesha okukhulu ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Ungabeki iqhwa ngqo esikhunjeni. Songa iqhwa ngethawula kuqala.

Ukopha kungabangelwa ukulimala, noma kungaba okuzenzakalelayo. Ukopha okuzenzekelayo kuvame ukwenzeka ngezinkinga emajoyintini, noma emapheshana emathunjini noma e-urogenital.

Ungaba nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Igazi eliphuma enxebeni elivulekile
• Ukulimaza

Ukopha nakho kungadala ukushaqeka, okungafaka noma yiziphi kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukudideka noma ukwehla kokuqwashisa
• Isikhumba seClammy
• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo ngemuva kokulimala
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Umbala (pallor)
• Ukushaya ngamandla (ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo)
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuthakathaka

Izimpawu zokopha kwangaphakathi zingafaka lezo ezibalwe ngenhla ukwethuka kanye nokulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu besisu nokuvuvukala
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Izinguquko zombala wesikhumba

Igazi eliphuma ekuvulekeni okungokwemvelo emzimbeni futhi lingaba wuphawu lokopha ngaphakathi. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Igazi esitokisini (libonakala limnyama, imaron, noma libomvu ngokugqamile)
• Igazi emchameni (libonakala libomvu, lipinki, noma linombala wetiye)
• Igazi emhlanzweni (libukeka libomvu ngokugqamile, noma nsundu njengezindawo zekhofi)
• Ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane (kusinda kunokujwayelekile noma ngemuva kokuyeka ukuya esikhathini)

Usizo lokuqala lufanele ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphandle. Uma ukopha kakhulu, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi kukhona ukopha ngaphakathi, noma umuntu eshaqekile, thola usizo oluphuthumayo.

1. Hlisa umoya futhi umqinisekise lowo muntu. Ukubona kwegazi kungasabisa kakhulu.
2. Uma isilonda sithinta izingqimba zesikhumba eziphezulu (phezulu), sigeze ngensipho namanzi afudumele bese usoma kancane. Ukopha kumanxeba angenhla noma ukusikwa (imihuzuko) kuvame ukuchazwa njengokugeleza, ngoba kuhamba kancane.
3. Beka umuntu phansi. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okuphelelwa amandla ngokwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi liye ebuchosheni. Uma kungenzeka, phakamisa ingxenye yomzimba eyophayo.
4. Susa noma iyiphi imfucumfucu noma ukungcola ongakubona enxebeni.
5. UNGASUSI into efana nommese, induku, noma umcibisholo onamathele emzimbeni. Ukwenza kanjalo kungadala ukulimala okuningi nokopha. Beka amaphedi namabhandeshi azungeze into bese uqopha into endaweni.
6. Faka ingcindezi ngqo enxebeni elingaphandle ngebhandeshi eliyinyumba, indwangu ehlanzekile, noma nocezu lwengubo. Uma kungekho okunye okutholakalayo, sebenzisa isandla sakho. Umfutho oqondile ulungele ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphandle, ngaphandle kokulimala kweso.
7. Gcina ingcindezi kuze kuphele ukuphuma kwegazi. Lapho isimile, bopha uvalwe ngokugqokiswa kwesilonda ngetheyiphu yokunamathela noma isiqeshana sezingubo ezihlanzekile. Ungalunguzi ukubona ukuthi ukopha kumile yini.
8. Uma ukopha kuqhubeka futhi kungena entweni ebanjwe enxebeni, ungayisusi. Mane ubeke enye indwangu phezu kweyokuqala. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola usizo lwezokwelapha khona manjalo.
9. Uma ukopha kakhulu, thola usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha bese uthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukushaqeka. Gcina ingxenye yomzimba elimele inganyakazi ngokuphelele. Beka umuntu isicaba, phakamisa izinyawo cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-12 noma amasentimitha angama-30, bese umboza umuntu ngejazi noma ngengubo. Uma kungenzeka, UNGAMSUSI lowo muntu uma kube khona ukulimala ekhanda, entanyeni, emhlane noma emlenzeni, ngoba ukwenza kanjalo kungenza ukulimala kube kubi kakhulu. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.

NINI UKUSEBENZISA I-TOURNIQUET

Uma ingcindezi eqhubekayo ingavimbanga ukopha, futhi ukuphuma kwegazi kunzima kakhulu (kusongela impilo), i-tourniquet ingasetshenziswa kuze kufike usizo lwezokwelapha.

• I-tourniquet kufanele isetshenziswe ku-limb 2 kuya ku-3 inches (5 kuya ku-7.5 cm) amayintshi ngaphezulu kwesilonda esophayo. Gwema ilunga. Uma kudingeka, beka i-tourniquet ngaphezulu kwejoyinti, ubheke esifubeni.
• Uma kunokwenzeka, ungasebenzisi i-tourniquet ngqo esikhunjeni. Ukwenza kanjalo kungahlanekezela noma kuphine isikhumba nezicubu. Sebenzisa ukugoqa noma ukufaka i-tourniquet ngaphezulu komlenze wephenti noma umkhono.
• Uma unekiti yosizo lokuqala eliza ne-tourniquet, lifake kulowo mlenze.
• Uma udinga ukwenza i-tourniquet, sebenzisa amabhandeshi ngamasentimitha ama-5 kuye kwayi-4 ububanzi bese uwagoqa uzungeze isitho kaningana. Bopha ifindo uhhafu noma lesikwele, ushiye imikhawulo evulekile isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukubopha elinye ifindo. Induku noma induku eqinile kufanele ibekwe phakathi kwamafindo amabili. Sonta induku kuze ibhandishi liqine ngokwanele ukumisa ukopha bese ulivikela endaweni yalo.
• Bhala phansi noma khumbula isikhathi lapho i-tourniquet isetshenziswe khona. Tshela lokhu kubaphenduli bezokwelapha. (Ukugcina i-tourniquet isebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu kungalimaza izinzwa nezicubu.)

UNGABONI isilonda ukuze ubone ukuthi ukopha kuyama yini. Lapho isilonda siphazamiseka kancane, maningi amathuba okuthi uzokwazi ukulawula ukopha.

UNGASIFUNDI isilonda noma ukhiphe noma yini eshumekiwe enxebeni. Lokhu kuvame ukudala ukopha okuningi nokulimala.

UNGAKUSUSI ukugqoka uma kugcwala igazi. Esikhundleni salokho, engeza entsha ngaphezulu.

UNGAZAMI ukuhlanza isilonda esikhulu. Lokhu kungadala ukopha okusindayo.

UNGAZAMI ukuhlanza isilonda ngemuva kokulawula ukopha. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha.

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma:

• Ukopha akukwazi ukulawulwa, kwakudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-tourniquet, noma kwakubangelwa ukulimala okungathi sína.
• Isilonda singadinga ukuthungwa.
• I-gravel noma ukungcola akukwazi ukususwa kalula ngokuhlanza okuncane.
• Ucabanga ukuthi kungaba nokopha ngaphakathi noma ukushaqeka.
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka ziyakhula, kufaka phakathi ukwanda kobuhlungu, ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, uketshezi oluphuzi noma onsundu, ama-lymph node avuvukile, umkhuhlane, noma imicu ebomvu ebhebhetheka isuka esizeni iye enhliziyweni.
• Ukulimala kwakungenxa yokulunywa isilwane noma umuntu.
• Isiguli asikaze sidutshulwe yi-tetanus eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi edlule.

Sebenzisa ukwahlulela okuhle ugcine imimese nezinto ezibukhali kude nezingane ezincane.

Hlala usesikhathini ngemigomo.

Ukwehla kwegazi; Ukopha okuvulekile ukopha

• Ukumisa ukopha ngokucindezela okuqondile
• Ukumisa ukopha nge-tourniquet
• Ukumisa ukopha ngengcindezi neqhwa

I-Bulger EM, uSnyder D, uSchoelles K, et al. Umhlahlandlela we-prehospital osuselwa ebufakazini bokulawula ukopha kwangaphandle: I-American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Prehosp Emerg. 2014; 18 (2): 163-173. I-PMID: 24641269 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24641269.

I-Hayward CPM. Indlela yokwelashwa esigulini esopha noma isilonda. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2018: isahluko 128.

USimon BC, uHern HG. Izimiso zokuphathwa kwezilonda. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 52.