Eduzane nokuminza

"Eduzane nokuminza" kusho umuntu ocishe wafa ngokungakwazi ukuphefumula (ukuminca) ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Uma umuntu etakulwe esimweni sokuminza eduze, usizo lokuqala olusheshayo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubaluleke kakhulu.

• Izinkulungwane zabantu ziminza e-United States unyaka nonyaka. Ukuminza okuningi kwenzeka ebangeni elincane lokuphepha. Ukwenza ngokushesha nosizo lokuqala kungavimbela ukufa.
• Umuntu ocwilayo ngokuvamile akakwazi ukumemeza ecela usizo. Qaphela izimpawu zokuminza.
• Ukuminza okuningi ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa kwenzeka kubhavu wokugezela.
• Kungenzeka ukuthi uvuselele umuntu ocwilayo, noma ngabe sekudlule isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi uma lowo muntu esemncane futhi esemanzini abandayo kakhulu.
• Sola ingozi uma ubona umuntu emanzini embethe ngokuphelele. Bukela ukunyakaza okungalingani kokubhukuda, okuwuphawu lokuthi umbhukudi uyakhathala. Imvamisa, umzimba uyacwila, futhi ikhanda kuphela elibonisa ngaphezu kwamanzi.

• Wazama ukuzibulala
• Ukuzama ukubhukuda kude kakhulu
• Izinkinga zokuziphatha / zokuthuthuka
• Ukuqhuma ekhanda noma ukuqubuka ngenkathi usemanzini
• Ukuphuza utshwala noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa ngenkathi uhamba ngesikebhe noma ubhukuda
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo ngenkathi ubhukuda noma ugeza
• Ukwehluleka ukusebenzisa amajakhethi empilo (amadivayisi we-flotation amadivayisi)
• Ukuwela eqhweni elincanyana
• Ukungakwazi ukubhukuda noma ukwethuka ngenkathi ubhukuda
• Ukushiya izingane ezincane zingagadiwe kubhavu noma amachibi
• Ukuziphatha okubeka engcupheni
• Ukubhukuda emanzini ajulile kakhulu, anolaka, noma aphithizelayo

Izimpawu zingahluka, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwesisu (isisu esivuvukile)
• Isikhumba sobuso obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi nxazonke zezindebe
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Isikhumba esibandayo nokubukeka okuphaphathekile
• Ukudideka
• Khwehlela nge pink, isikhwehlela frothy
• Ukuthukuthela
• Imikhuba emibi
• Akukho ukuphefumula
• Ukungahlaliseki
• Ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile noma okuhefuzela
• Ukungazi lutho (ukuntuleka kokuphendula)
• Ukuhlanza

Lapho othile eminza:

• UNGAZIFAKI engozini.
• UNGANGENA emanzini noma uphumele eqhweni ngaphandle kokuthi uqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi kuphephile.
• Yelula isigxobo eside noma igatsha kulowo muntu noma usebenzise intambo yokujikijela enamathiselwe entweni ethokomele, njengendandatho yempilo noma ijakhethi yokuphila. Yiphonse kumuntu, bese uyidonsela ogwini.
• Uma uqeqeshelwe ukutakula abantu, kwenze lokho masinyane kuphela uma uqinisekile ukuthi ngeke kukulimaze.
• Gcina ukhumbula ukuthi abantu abawelwe yiqhwa bangase bangakwazi ukubamba izinto abangafinyelela kuzo noma bazibambe ngenkathi bedonswa endaweni ephephile.

Uma ukuphefumula komuntu kumile, qala ukutakula ukuphefumula ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuvame ukusho ukuqala inqubo yokuphefumula yokutakula ngokushesha nje lapho umhlengi engafika kuflotation device efana nesikebhe, isihlenga, noma ibhodi yokuntweza, noma afinyelela emanzini lapho kujule khona ngokwanele ukuma.

Qhubeka uphefumulele umuntu njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa ngenkathi umhambisa emhlabathini owomile. Uma usemhlabeni, nikeza i-CPR njengoba kudingeka. Umuntu udinga i-CPR uma equlekile futhi awukwazi ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo.

Njalo qaphela lapho unyakazisa umuntu ominzayo. Ukulimala kwentamo akuvamile kubantu abasinda eduze nokuminza ngaphandle kokuthi bashaywe ekhanda noma babonise ezinye izimpawu zokulimala, njengokuphuma kwegazi nokusikeka. Ukulimala kwentamo nomgogodla kungenzeka futhi lapho umuntu entywila emanzini angajulile kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, imihlahlandlela yeAmerican Heart Association incoma ngokungahambisi umgogodla ngaphandle uma kukhona ukulimala okusobala ekhanda. Ukwenza kanjalo kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwenza ukutakula ukuphefumula kulowo ohlukunyeziwe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uzame ukugcina ikhanda nentamo yomuntu zizinzile futhi zihambisane nomzimba ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokutakula emanzini naseCPR. Ungathinta ikhanda ebhodini elingasemuva noma ku-stretcher, noma uvikele intamo ngokubeka amathawula agoqiwe noma ezinye izinto ezizungezile.

Landela lezi zinyathelo ezingeziwe:

• Nikeza usizo lokuqala nganoma yikuphi okunye ukulimala okungathi sína.
• Gcina umuntu ezolile futhi ethule. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Susa noma yiziphi izingubo ezibandayo nezimanzi kumuntu bese umboza ngento efudumele, uma kungenzeka. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela i-hypothermia.
• Umuntu angase akhwehlele futhi abe nokuphefumula kanzima uma ukuphefumula kuqala kabusha. Mqinisekise lowo muntu uze uthole usizo lwezokwelapha.

Amathiphu abalulekile okuphepha:

• UNGAZAMI ukuzisindisa ngokubhukuda ngaphandle uma uqeqeshelwe ukutakula amanzi, futhi ungakwenza lokho ngaphandle kokuzibeka engozini.
• UNGAYI emanzini amabi noma aneziyaluyalu ezingakubeka engcupheni.
• UNGAYA eqhweni ukutakula othile.
• Uma ukwazi ukufinyelela kumuntu ngengalo yakho noma ngento enwetshiwe, yenza kanjalo.

I-Heimlich maneuver ayiyona ingxenye yokutakulwa okujwayelekile kokuminza okuseduze. UNGAYENZI i-Heimlich maneuver ngaphandle kokuthi imizamo ephindaphindwayo yokubeka indlela yomoya nokutakula ukuphefumula yehlulekile, futhi ucabanga ukuthi umoya womuntu uvaliwe. Ukwenza i-Heimlich maneuver kwandisa amathuba okuthi umuntu oqulekile azohlanza abese eminyanisa ebuhlanzweni.

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni uma ungakwazi ukuhlenga umuntu ominzayo ngaphandle kokuzibeka engozini. Uma uqeqeshiwe futhi ukwazi ukuhlenga lo muntu, yenza kanjalo, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.

Bonke abantu abahlangabezane nokuminza eduze kufanele bahlolwe ngumhlinzeki wezempilo. Noma umuntu esheshe abonakale elungile endaweni yesehlakalo, izinkinga zamaphaphu zivamile. Ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali namanzi (i-electrolyte) kungavela. Okunye ukulimala okubuhlungu kungenzeka kube khona, futhi kungavela izigqi zenhliziyo ezingajwayelekile.

Bonke abantu abahlangabezane nokuminza eduze abadinga noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvuselelwa, kufaka phakathi ukuphefumula kokutakula bodwa, kufanele bathuthelwe esibhedlela bayohlolwa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe noma ngabe umuntu ubonakala ephapheme ngokuphefumula okuhle nokushaya ngamandla.

Amanye amathiphu okusiza ukuvimbela ukuminza eduze yilena:

• Ungaphuzi utshwala noma usebenzise ezinye izidakamizwa lapho ubhukuda noma uhamba ngesikebhe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi ethile kadokotela.
• Ukuminza kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isiqukathi samanzi. Ungashiyi noma yimaphi amanzi amile ezitsheni, emabhakedeni, ezifubeni zeqhwa, emachibini ezingane, noma kubhavu wokugeza, noma kwezinye izindawo lapho ingane encane ingangena khona emanzini.
• Vikela izivalo zezihlalo zangasese ngedivayisi yokuphepha kwengane.
• Biyela wonke amachibi namachibi. Vikela yonke iminyango eholela ngaphandle, bese ufaka ama-alamu echibini nawaseminyango.
• Uma ingane yakho ilahlekile, hlola idamu ngokushesha.
• Ungalokothi uvumele izingane ukuthi zibhukude zodwa noma zingagadiwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingakwazi yini ukubhukuda.
• Ungalokothi ushiye izingane zodwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esithile noma uzivumele zishiye umugqa wakho wokubuka eduze kwanoma iliphi ichibi noma amanzi. Ukuminza kwenzeke lapho abazali beshiye "umzuzu nje" ukuyophendula ifoni noma umnyango.
• Gcina imithetho yokuphepha emanzini.
• Thatha inkambo yokuphepha emanzini.

Ukuminza - eduze

• Ukutakula ngokuminza, jula assist
• Ukuminza ukuhlenga eqhweni, ukusiza ebhodini
• Ukutakula ngokweqile, ukufinyelela usizo
• Ukutakula ngokuminza, ukusiza kwebhodi
• Ukuminza ukuhlenga eqhweni, uchungechunge lomuntu

IHargarten SW, uFrazer T. Ukulimala nokuvimbela ukulimala. Ku: Keystone JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, eds. Imithi Yezokuvakasha. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 50.

URichards DB. Ukuminza. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2018: isahluko 137.

UThomas AA, uCaglar D. Ukulimala nokuminza. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 91.

UVanden Hoek TL, uMorrison LJ, uShuster M, et al. Ingxenye 12: ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo ezimweni ezikhethekile: Izinkombandlela zika-2010 American Heart Association Zokuvuselelwa Kwe-Cardiopulmonary and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.Ukujikeleza. 2010; 122 (18 Suppl 3): S829-861. I-PMID: 20956228 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20956228.