Ukuphuka kogebhezi

Ukwephuka kogebhezi ukuphuka noma ukuphuka kwamathambo e-cranial (skull).

Ukuphuka kogebhezi kungenzeka ngokulimala ekhanda. Ukhakhayi luvikela kahle ubuchopho. Kodwa-ke, umthelela omkhulu noma ukushaya kungadala ukuthi ugebhezi luphuke. Kungase kuhambisane nokudideka noma okunye ukulimala ebuchosheni.

Ubuchopho bungathinteka ngqo ngokulimala kwezicubu zesistimu yezinzwa nokopha. Ingqondo nayo ingathinteka ukopha ngaphansi kogebhezi. Lokhu kungacindezela izicubu zobuchopho ezingaphansi (i-subdural noma i-epidural hematoma).

Ukwephuka okulula ukuphuka kwethambo ngaphandle kokulimala esikhunjeni.

Ukwephuka kogebhezi oluqondile kungukuphuka kwethambo le-cranial elifana nolayini omncane, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ukudana, noma ukuphazamiseka kwethambo.

Ukwephuka kogebhezi olucindezelekile kuyikhefu ethangeni le-cranial (noma "ingxenye echotshoziwe" yogebhezi) nokudangala kwethambo ngaphakathi kobuchopho.

Ukwephuka okuhlanganayo kufaka phakathi ukugqashuka, noma ukulahleka, kwesikhumba nokuqhekeka kwethambo.

Izimbangela zokuphuka kogebhezi zingafaka:

• Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda
• Ukuwa, izingozi zezimoto, ukushaywa ngokomzimba, nezemidlalo

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukopha kusuka enxebeni, ezindlebeni, ekhaleni, noma ngaseduze kwamehlo
• Ukulimaza ngemuva kwezindlebe noma ngaphansi kwamehlo
• Izinguquko kubafundi (osayizi abalingani, akusebenzi ekukhanyeni)
• Ukudideka
• Ukudlikizela (ukuqubuka)
• Ubunzima ngebhalansi
• Ukukhipha uketshezi olucacile noma olunegazi oluvela ezindlebeni noma ekhaleni
• Ukozela
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (ukungaphenduli)
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuphumula, ukucasuka
• Inkulumo eshisiwe
• Intamo eqinile
• Ukuvuvukala
• Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo

Kwezinye izimo, uphawu kuphela kungaba yi-bump ekhanda. Ukuqhuma noma ukulimazeka kungathatha amahora angama-24 ukukhula.

Thatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo uma ucabanga ukuthi othile uphuke ugebhezi:

1. Bheka izindlela zokuphefumula, ukuphefumula, nokusakazwa kwegazi. Uma kunesidingo, qala ukutakula ukuphefumula kanye ne-CPR.
2. Gwema ukuhambisa lowo muntu (ngaphandle kwalapho kudingeka ngempela) kuze kufike usizo lwezokwelapha. Cela othile ashayele u-911 (noma inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo) ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha.
3. Uma umuntu kufanele asuswe, qikelela ukuzinzisa ikhanda nentamo. Beka izandla zakho ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda nangaphansi kwamahlombe. Ungavumeli ikhanda ligobele phambili noma emuva, noma ukusonta noma ukujika.
4. Bheka ngokucophelela indawo yokulimala, kepha ungaphenyi ngaphakathi noma eduze nendawo ngesimo sangaphandle. Kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi ugebhezi luqhekekile noma lucindezelekile (lufakwe ngaphakathi) endaweni yokulimala.
5. Uma kuphuma ukopha, faka ingcindezi eqinile ngendwangu ehlanzekile endaweni ebanzi ukulawula ukopha.
6. Uma igazi lingena, ungasusi indwangu yoqobo. Esikhundleni salokho, faka izindwangu eziningi ngaphezulu, bese uqhubeka nokufaka ingcindezi.
7. Uma umuntu ehlanza, zinzisa ikhanda nentamo, bese uphendula ngokucophelela isisulu eceleni ukuvimbela ukuminyaniswa yisihlanzo.
8. Uma umuntu ephaphama futhi ehlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibhalwe ngaphambilini, thutha uye esikhungweni sezokwelapha esiphuthumayo esiseduze (noma ngabe umuntu engacabangi ukuthi kudingeka usizo lwezokwelapha).

Landela lezi zixwayiso:

• UNGAMSUSI lowo muntu ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela. Ukulimala ekhanda kungahle kuhlotshaniswe nokulimala komgogodla.
• UNGASUSI izinto ezivelayo.
• UNGAMVUMELI umuntu ukuthi aqhubeke nemisebenzi yomzimba.
• Ungakhohlwa ukubuka umuntu eduze kuze kufike usizo lwezokwelapha.
• UNGAMUNIKI lo muthi imishanguzo ngaphambi kokukhuluma nodokotela.
• Ungamshiyi yedwa, ngisho noma kungekho zinkinga ezisobala.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Isistimu yezinzwa yomuntu izohlolwa. Kungaba nezinguquko kusayizi womfundi womuntu, ikhono lokucabanga, ukuxhumanisa, kanye nokuzindla.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• I-EEG (ukuhlolwa kwegagasi lobuchopho) kungadingeka uma ukuquleka kukhona
• Iskena se-Head CT (computerised tomography)
• I-MRI (imaging resonance imaging) yobuchopho
• Ama-X-ray

Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma:

• Kunezinkinga ngokuphefumula noma ukusakazwa kwegazi.
• Ukucindezela okuqondile akuyeki ukuphuma kwegazi emakhaleni, ezindlebeni, noma enxebeni.
• Kukhona ukukhipha uketshezi olucacile oluvela emakhaleni noma ezindlebeni.
• Kukhona ukuvuvukala kobuso, ukopha, noma ukulimaza.
• Kunento eqhamuke kugebhezi.
• Umuntu uqulekile, uhlangabezana nokudlikizela, ulimele kaningi, ubonakala ekucindezelekile, noma engakwazi ukucabanga kahle.

Akukhona konke ukulimala ekhanda okungavinjelwa. Izinyathelo ezilula ezilandelayo zingasiza ukugcina wena nengane yakho niphephile:

1. Njalo sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha ngesikhathi semisebenzi engadala ukulimala ekhanda. Lokhu kubandakanya amabhande esihlalo, amabhayisikili noma izigqoko zokuhamba ngesithuthuthu nezigqoko ezinzima.
2. Funda futhi ulandele izincomo zokuphepha kwamabhayisikili.
3. Ungaphuzi bese ushayela. Ungazivumeli ukuba ushayelwe ngumuntu okungenzeka ukuthi ubephuza utshwala noma enenkinga ethile.

Ukuphuka kogebhezi lweBasilar; Ukuphuka kogebhezi olucindezelekile; Ukwephuka kogebhezi oluqondile

• Ukhakhayi lomuntu omdala
• Ukuphuka kogebhezi
• Ukuphuka kogebhezi
• Uphawu lukaMpi - ngemuva kwendlebe
• Ukuphuka kogebhezi lwezinsana

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UPapa L, Goldberg SA. Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 34.

IRoskind CG, iPryor HI, iKlein BL. Ukunakekelwa okunamandla kokuhlukumezeka okuningi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA. Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 82.