Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu ngenxa yokuphefumula ngento engaphandle, imvamisa izinhlobo ezithile zothuli, isikhunta noma isikhunta.

I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ivame ukwenzeka kubantu abasebenza ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu othuli lwezinto eziphilayo, isikhunta noma isikhunta.

Ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside kungaholela ekuvukeleni kwamaphaphu kanye nesifo samaphaphu esibi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimo esibucayi siphenduka isifo samaphaphu esihlala isikhathi eside (esingapheli).

I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis nayo ingabangelwa isikhunta noma amabhaktheriya kuma-humidifiers, amasistimu wokushisa, kanye nama-air conditioners atholakala emakhaya nasemahhovisi. Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile, njengama-isocyanates noma ama-acid anhydrides, nakho kungaholela ku-hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Izibonelo ze-hypersensitivity pneumonitis zifaka:

Iphaphu lomthandi wezinyoni: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Kubangelwa ukuvezwa okuphindaphindwayo noma okukhulu kwamaprotheni atholakala ezimpapheni noma kubobhoko bezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni.

Iphaphu lomlimi: Lolu hlobo lwe-hypersensitivity pneumonitis ludalwa wukuchayeka othulini oluvela efolini elikhuntile, utshani nezinhlamvu.

Izimpawu ze-acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis zivame ukuvela emahoreni ama-4 kuye kwayi-6 ngemuva kokuthi ushiye indawo lapho kutholakala khona into ekhubekisayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzi wakho nesifo. Izimpawu zingaxazululwa ngaphambi kokuthi ubuyele endaweni lapho uhlangane khona nalolu ketshezi. Esigabeni esingalapheki salesi simo, izimpawu zihlala zingaguquguquki futhi azithinteki kangako ekuvezweni kwento.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Amakhaza
• Khwehlela
• Imfiva
• UMalaise (ezizwa egula)
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Izimpawu ze-hypersensitivity pneumonitis engapheli zingafaka:

• Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngomsebenzi
• Ukukhwehlela, kuvame ukoma
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokungenhloso

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu zakho.

Umhlinzeki wakho angezwa imisindo yamaphaphu engajwayelekile ebizwa ngama-crackles (rales) lapho elalele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope.

Izinguquko zamaphaphu ngenxa ye-hypersensitivity pneumonitis engapheli zingabonakala ku-x-ray yesifuba. Ezinye izivivinyo zingafaka:

• I-Aspergillosis precipitin test yegazi ukubheka ukuthi ngabe uvezwe ku-fungus ye-aspergillus
• I-bronchoscopy ngokugeza, i-biopsy, ne-bronchoalveolar lavage
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• I-CT scan yesifuba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis antibody
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukaKrebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6)
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wePulmonary
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu okuhlinzwa

Okokuqala, into ehlukumezayo kufanele ikhonjwe. Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukugwema le nto ngokuzayo. Abanye abantu bangadinga ukushintsha imisebenzi uma bengakwazi ukugwema into esemsebenzini.

Uma unesimo esingalapheki salesi sifo, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi uthathe ama-glucocorticoids (imithi elwa nokuvuvukala). Kwesinye isikhathi, ukwelashwa okusetshenziselwa i-asthma kungasiza abantu abane-hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Izimpawu eziningi ziyaphela lapho uvikela noma ukhawulela ukuvezwa kwakho ezintweni ezibangele inkinga. Uma ukuvimbela kwenziwa esigabeni esibucayi, umbono muhle. Lapho sifinyelela esigabeni esingelapheki, lesi sifo singaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, noma ngabe kugwenywa into ekhubekisayo.

Isimo esingalapheki salesi sifo singaholela ku-pulmonary fibrosis. Lesi yisibazi sezicubu zamaphaphu esivame ukungaguquguquki. Ekugcineni, isifo samaphaphu esigabeni sokuphela nokwehluleka ukuphefumula kungenzeka.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uba nezimpawu ze-hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Ifomu elingalapheki lingavinjelwa ngokugwema okubangela ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu.

I-alveolitis eyengeziwe yokungezwani komzimba; Iphaphu lomlimi; Isifo somcofi wamakhowe; I-humidifier noma i-air-conditioner lung; Umfuyi wezinyoni noma umcwaningi wezinyoni

• Isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi - abantu abadala - ukukhipha

• I-Bronchoscopy
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

UPatterson KC, uRose CS. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 64.

UTarlo SM. Isifo samaphaphu emsebenzini. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 87.